I-chickenpox, aka varicella, yayisiyinto evamile yokutheleleka ebuntwaneni. Iningi lezinsuku zamanje lithola ukugoma ngokumelene nenkukhu kodwa igciwane liyasakaza kubantu.
Kubantu abaningi, inkukhu ye-chickenpox ayisona isizathu sokwesaba. Iningi lezingane ezitholayo igciwane alinayo izinkinga ezinkulu; Abantu abadala bangase bangakhululekile kodwa ngokuvamile baphuluke ekuguleni ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu.
Iningi lezinkukhu ze-chickenpox livela kubantu abaneminyaka engama-1 kuya ku-14 kanti kuphela u-2% wezifo ezithathelwanayo ezivela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-20 ubudala.
Phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abangavamile abangakavikeleki, ukuvezwa kwe-varicella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela izinkinga. Abangu-10% kuya ku-20% wabesifazane abathintekayo bangathuthukisa isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-varicella pneumonia. Abesifazane abanamasosha omzimba ngokuvamile abasengozini yokubhekana nezinkinga, kanti abesifazane abangaba ngu-85% kuya kuma-95% bavikelekile.
Ukuthatha isisu kanye nokubeletha kungase kwenzeke ngemuva kokuba umama ebopha izinkukhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa ngokusekelwe kwedatha elinganiselwe, ama-non-immune ama-chickenpox e-trimester yokuqala ayibonakali ukuthi anyukile izinga lokukhulelwa kwesisu ngokuqhathaniswa nomphakathi jikelele. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ekwenzeni i-varicella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyingozi yokuzalwa okungazalwa kokuzalwa - ngisho nangalokhu, ayikho isizathu sokwesaba okwamanje noma ngabe usuke uvezwe.
Nakuba ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okuvela enkulumweni ye-chickenpox kungaba nzima kakhulu (ingozi ye-congenital varicella syndrome), ingozi yengane enezinkinga zokuzalwa ngenxa yokukhulelwa kwenkukhu esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa iphakathi kuka-0.4% kuya ku-2%. Ukuvezwa kwesigamu sesibili sokukhulelwa kwakungeke kube nomphumela wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.
Izinkinga zomntwana akunakwenzeka uma ukukhungathwa kwenkukhu kwenzeka phakathi kweviki lama-20 kuya ku-36 lokukhulelwa, nakuba umama angabhekana nezinhlekelele zempilo. Ingane ibhekene nobungozi obukhulu uma ukutholakala kwenkukhu kwenzeka ngenyanga yokugcina yokukhulelwa. Kulezi zimo, umntwana angathuthukisa inkukhu esikhumbeni. Lokhu kuzoba yi-neonatal kunokuba i-varicella-neonatal varicella ye-congenital ayifaki ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kepha esikhundleni sokutheleleka kwesistimu okusakazwa ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu okufa. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokufa kokubeletha uma ingane izalwa enezinkukhu.
Abesifazane abathintekayo ngokuchayeka inkukhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kumele babone udokotela ngalolu daba. Udokotela angalawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe umama usuvele esezivikele yini kumkhuhlane wezinkukhu noma cha. Futhi uma kungenjalo, udokotela anganquma ngesenzo sokusebenza. Odokotela bangase bafise ukunikeza i-varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) kwabesifazane abaveziwe futhi abangenasifo somzimba, noma bangase babeke imithi efana ne-Acyclovir.
Imithombo:
UBalducci, J, JF Rodis, Rosengren, "Ukukhulelwa komphumela ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala kwe-varicella." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology 1992 Jan; 79 (1): 5-6).
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, "I-Varicella Vaccine - Q & As mayelana Nokukhulelwa." Imishanguzo nokugonywa . 12 Juni 2007. Kufinyelelwe ngo-27 Ephreli 2008.
UHarger, JH, uJM Ernest, GR Thurnau, et al. "Ukuvama kwe-congenital varicella syndrome kulabo abazoba ngabesifazane abangu-347 abakhulelwe." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology 2002 Aug; 100 (2): 260-5.
NgoMashi we-Dimes, "Inkukhu Yokukhulelwa Kwesisu." Apr 2007.
U-Pastuszak, u-Anne L., u-Maurice Levy, uBetsy Schick, uCarol Zuber, uMarcia Feldkamp, uJohanathan Gladstone, u-Fanny Bar-Levy, u-Elaine Jackson, u-Alan Donnenfeld, uWendy Meschino noGideon Koren, "Umphumela ngemuva kokutheleleka kweMaternal Varicella emavikini angu-20 okuqala Ukukhulelwa. " I-New England Journal of Medicine ngo-1994.
Ikhomishana yamaRoyal of Odetry and Gynecologists, "Inkukhu Yokukhulelwa: Okudingeka Ukwazi." 2003.