I-IQ, noma i-Intelligence Quotient, iyisilinganiso sokuhlakanipha okuhlobene nokunqunywa ngokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlakanipha kwadalwa ngo-1905 ngu-Alfred Binet noTheophile Simon ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izingane zesikole zaseFrance ezisheshayo ukuze zizuze emfundisweni ejwayelekile. I-Binet yavela nomqondo wokukhula kwengqondo lapho eqaphela ukuthi izingane ziyakwazi ukufunda imiqondo enzima futhi zenze imisebenzi enzima njengoba zikhula.
Iningi lezingane lifinyelela ezingeni elifanayo lokubunzima ngesikhathi esifanayo, kepha ezinye izingane zifinyeleleka kancane kulawo mazinga. Ingane eneminyaka engu-6 engakwazi ukwenza okungaphezu kuka-3 oneminyaka engu-3 ineminyaka engama-3 ubudala.
I-Quental Quoteent ne-Intelligence Quotient
Umqondo wokuthi "i-mental quotient" yaqala ukukhululwa nguWilhelm Stern, isazi sezengqondo saseJalimane. Ngokusekelwe emsebenzini kaBinet, wahlukanisa iminyaka yengqondo ngesikhathi sokulandelana ukuze uthole "I-Quotient Yengqondo." Uneminyaka engu-6 onamandla okukwenza kuphela lokho umuntu oneminyaka engu-3 angakwenza kungenayo i-Mind Quotient ye-.5 noma ½ (3 ehlukaniswe ngu-6).
Kwakungu Lewis Terman, isazi sezengqondo saseMelika, esivuselele ukuhlolwa kukaBinet ukudala uhlolo lwe-Stanford-Binet intelligence (olusasetshenziswa). Wabuye wahlakulela umqondo wokwandisa i-Mind Quotient ngekhulu ukususa ingxenyana - kanti i-Intelligence Quotient (IQ) yazalwa.
Ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezakhiwe nguStern no-Terman, ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kwaba yithuluzi elijwayelekile lokuhlukanisa abantu ngokusekelwe kumagoli ajwayelekile.
Nakhu ukuthi amagoli asebenza kanjani:
- Umqondo Wengqondo / Isikhathi Sokulinganisa X 100 = Intelligence Quotient
- Owesifazane oneminyaka engu-6 ubudala ne-Quentient Yengqondo ye-½ une-IQ engama-50.
- Iningi labantu linalo i-IQ phakathi kuka-85 no-115.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Stanford-Binet kusasebenza, akuseyona yodwa (noma ngisho ethandwa kakhulu) i-test ye-IQ.
Okunye ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-Wechsler ne-Woodcock-Johnson kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu eMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyilapho izivivinyo ze-IQ ezijwayelekile zingasiza, zingase zingabi nenembile ngokuphelele uma zilinganisa ukuhlakanipha kwabantu abanokuhlukana kokuthuthukiswa noma ukukhubazeka kokufunda. Izivivinyo ze-IQ ezifana ne-TONI zenzelwe ukukala i-non-verbal IQ.
IQ Is Scores Isetshenziswa kanjani?
Izivivinyo ze-IQ zinikezwe manje ukusiza izikole ukuthi zithole uhlobo lwezindlu zokufundela izingane ezidingayo esikoleni. Izingane ezithola isigaba se-IQ sezi-70 nangaphansi zifanelekela ukuhlala ezikhethekile esikoleni. Yilokho okungahambi kahle kwezinga eliphansi ngaphansi kwezinga eliphakathi kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye. Izingane ezibeka amaphutha amabili ajwayelekile ngaphezu kwendawo (i-IQ score 130) azifaneleki njalo izindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekile.
Yiqiniso, kuzo zombili izimo, amaphuzu we-IQ kuphela ayenawo owenza isidingo sokuhlala okukhethekile. Izingane ezinamaphesenti angaphezulu kuka-70 zingakwazi futhi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala ezikhethekile uma zinokukhubazeka okufunda njengokufana ne- dyslexia . Ngisho nezingane ezinezintandokazi, ngokuvamile ezibhekwe njengezinamazinga e-IQ angama-130 nangaphezulu, zingakwazi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala ezikhethekile uma zineziphene zokufunda noma zentuthuko. Lezi zingane ziyaziwa kabili-ezihlukile.
Kodwa-ke izingane ezimbili ezivelele zingathola izindlela zokusebenza ngokuzungeze ukukhubazeka kwazo.Nakuba zingase zingakhanyanga ngokwezemfundo, zibafundi abaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-giftedness ifihla ukukhubazeka futhi ukukhubazeka kufihla isipho . Baqeda ukungahlali nendawo yokuhlala.
Kuyini Ukubaluleka Kwe-IQ Yezingane Eziziphiwe?
Abantu bayaqonda ukuthi ingane ene-IQ yabangu-70 izodinga indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile esikoleni. Uma uqonda lokho okushiwo yi-IQ score, kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani. Ingane eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala eneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha izofuna usizo oluthile lokwenza lokho abanye abaningi abaneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili abangayenza.
Manje cabangela lo mfana oneminyaka engu-8 nge-IQ engama-130. Kumele kube ngokucacile ukuthi ingane enezikolo idinga indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile. Unamandla omqondo wabaningi abaneminyaka eyishumi. Ukucela uneminyaka engu-8 ubudala nge-IQ engama-130 ukwenza umsebenzi wezingane ezineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala kufana nokucela umuntu oneminyaka eyishumi ukuba enze lo msebenzi. Uneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala ene-IQ yama-145 inekhono lokuqonda kwengane eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye nesigamu ubudala. Ngabe sizoke sicabange ngokunikeza umsebenzi oneminyaka eyishumi nanye nesigamu ubudala okuhloswe ngomuntu oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala?
Ukuphakama noma ukwehlisa i-IQ, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu phakathi kwexesha lokulandelana kanye neminyaka yobuhlakani. Nakuba sonke sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezinamazinga aphansi we-IQ zithola izinsizakalo ezidingayo, kufanele futhi sifune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezinezikolo eziphezulu ze-IQ zithola izinsizakalo ezizidingayo. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ingane enesipho esiyisishiyagalombili ingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ophakeme wezemfundo kodwa ingaba nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi nomzwelo wengane encane!