Intuthuko encane
Ngesikhathi seminyaka encane, ingane yakho izoshintsha ngokushesha futhi ikhule, ifunde amakhono, futhi ikwazi ukuxhumana nezwe ngezindlela ezintsha nezindlela ezahlukene. Le nqubo iyaziwa njengentuthuko, futhi ihlanganisa izindawo eziningana, kuhlanganise nentuthuko engqondweni, ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba, amakhono olimi, nentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kubhekisela emandleni okuhlakanipha, njengokucabanga nokucabanga, kanye nokuthola ulwazi kanye nekhono lokucubungula ulwazi.
Ngesikhathi seminyaka encane, abazali bazobona izinqwaba ezinkulu kule ndawo.
Ukuthuthukiswa komzimba kuhlanganisa ukukhula komntwana kanye namakhono akhe amancane nemoto. Ngenkathi izinguquko kule ndawo zingeke zifane nakancane noma zisheshe zisenkundleni yesana, uzobona izinqwaba ezinkulu nezibopho (ngokoqobo) kusukela eminyakeni engu-1 kuya ku-3.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezihamba phambili kubhekisela kumakhono adinga ukusetshenziswa kwemisipha emikhulu, njengemilenze nezingalo zakhe.
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Indlela Yokusingatha Ukulawulwa Kwokulala Kwenyanga Yomntwana Wakho 18
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Izinyathelo ezincane ezisemncane
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezinhle kuhlanganisa amakhono afaka ukusetshenziswa kwemisipha encane, njengeminwe kanye nezandla.
Amakhono olimi yinye isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa komncane. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-36, izingane ezisuka ezincane zihamba ngokusebenzisa amagama ambalwa ukuxhuma izithombe nezintambo ngamazwi okukhuluma emisho ephelele futhi ukukhuluma imicabango nemibono eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalakahle kuhilela ikhono lomntanakho lokufunda nokulungisa imigomo yomphakathi, njengokukhombisa izidingo, ukucela usizo, nokuxhumana ngokufanele nokudlala neqembu lakhe, ngenkathi futhi ezuza ukuzimela nokuzizwa.
Konke lokhu kukhula nokuthuthukiswa kungahle kubonakale njengomyalelo omude wengane encane enjalo, kodwa abazali bayomangala ngenxa yenguquko abayibona kumntanana wabo eminyakeni emibili elandelayo. Futhi ngenkathi kunezigameko ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukisa ukuthi izingane ezincane zivame ukufika emazingeni afanayo afanayo nezigaba, zonke izingane zihlukile futhi zifunde futhi zithuthuke ngokwezifiso zazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona into engavamile ukuthola ukuthi ingane encane ithanda uhlobo olulodwa lokuthuthukiswa kolunye. Isibonelo, ingane encane ekhuluma kakhulu ingase ibonakale ilahla ngemuva kontanga yakhe ekuthuthukisweni kwekhono elikhulu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Kodwa abazali bangaqiniseka-isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kungezwani emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa ngisho nangemva kweminyaka embalwa futhi akuyona neze isibonakaliso sokulibaziseka.
Njengomzali, ungakhuthaza kanjani intuthuko yengane yakho? Ngalesosikhathi esincane, izici eziningi zokuphila komntanakho zingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kokubili okuhle nokubi. Nakhu ukubheka ezinye zezici ezinkulu ezingathonya zonke izici zentuthuko:
Ukudla nokudla
Abantfwana banesithunzi sokuthi badla ukudla, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi abazali baqinisekise ukuthi ingane encane idla ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokudla okulula. Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, ingane encane kufanele idle ukudla okuyisithathu kanye nokudla okulodwa noma amabili usuku ngalunye oluqukethe amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, namafutha avela ekudleni okuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezithelo, imifino , inyama, kanye nohlamvu oluphelele. Ukungondleki kokudla okwanele, ukudla okuntulekayo kumsoco kanye namaminerali afanele, noma ukudla okubandakanya ushukela oluningi kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nokukhula ngokomzimba, kubangele ukubola kwezinyo, noma ukusetha ingane encane ngenxa yezinkinga zokukhuluphala . Abazali kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi izidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla ezinganeni zihlangene.
Indawo ephephile
Ukuhlala emphakathini ophephile nekhaya kubaluleke kakhulu ekusekeleni ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzwelo kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi kanye nempilo. Ezinye izici ezingozini ezingase ziholele ekulibazisekeni kwentuthuko zihlanganisa umama ophethwe ukucindezeleka, ezinye izinkinga zomzali wengqondo yengqondo, ubudlova ekhaya, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa / ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye / noma ububha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubazali abasebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya, ukukhetha ingane enempilo, ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana , ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana , noma isenkulisa kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ingane yakho ngoba ingane cishe izochitha isikhathi esiningi sokukhulelwa kwayo ekunakekeleni kwabo. Kubalulekile ukuthola indawo ephephile, enempilo, futhi enakekelayo ingane yakho encane ukuze isekele ukuqonda kwabo, imoto enkulu, imoto emihle, ngokomzwelo, kanye namakhono omphakathi njengoba ingane yakho iqhubeka ngesigaba esincane.
Dlala nokusebenzisana
Ukuze izinsana zifunde futhi zithuthuke, kubalulekile ukuba abanakekeli bahlanganyele nezingane ngendlela enothando, enakekelayo futhi banikeze amathuba okuhlola, ukudala, nokudlala. Ezinganeni ezisenkulondolozweni lwezinsuku noma izilungiselelo zasenkulisa, uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ikwazi ukudlala ukudlala , njengamathoyizi, amabhuku, kanye nemikhiqizo yobuciko , okusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga kanye namakhono amakhono amakhono, futhi ukhuthazwa ukuba uhlanganyele ukudlala okusebenzayo, okuqinisa imisipha futhi kusiza izingane ezincane ukuba zithuthukise amakhono amakhono amakhulu.
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Uma Uhlukanisa, Yilokho Okufanele Ukusho Kubantwana Bakho
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Indlela Yokukhuluma Nezingane Ngezibhamu Ngama Ages
Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali kanye nabanye abanakekeli bahlanganyele nabancane. Ukukhuluma nabancane, ukudlala nabo, nokubakhuthaza kubasiza ukuba bathuthukise ngokomzwelo nasemphakathini. Ukuxhumana nabantu abadala kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthola ulimi.
Ukulala
Siyazi ukuthi ukungakwazi ukulala kungabangela izingane ukuba zingabi mnandi, zivame ukuba nezidumbu, futhi ngokuvamile zilele, kodwa ukulala kungenye yezimfuneko eziyisisekelo kakhulu zokukhula kahle nentuthuko ezinganeni ezincane. Ukulala ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho-futhi izinsana zisadinga amahora angu-11 kuya kwangu-14 okulala nsuku zonke, kufaka phakathi kokubili kuya kwezingubili, kuncike eminyakeni yobudala. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into engavamile ukuba ingane encane ibe nenkinga yokulala, ngisho nalapho ilele kahle nosana. Njengoba ingane ikwazi ngokwengeziwe indawo yayo, ukwesaba ebusuku, ukushaywa indiva, ukukhathazeka ngokwehlukana, ukushayela ukuzimela ngokwengeziwe, nokukwazi ukulala embhedeni ngaphandle kosizo lomzali kungabamba iqhaza ekubhekaneni nobunzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukusebenza nomncane wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukulala ngokwanele .
Ukukhathazeka Ngezokwelapha
Ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwezingane ezincane kungavinjelwa izinkinga zezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nezifo ezingapheli noma ezinye ezimbi ezibambezela ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba; ukuhlala esibhedlela eziningi ngezifo ezinzima kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi; futhi ukuzwa noma ukungaboni kahle kwezinto kungathinta ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ziguqule isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile ngokusebenzisa izinsana nezinsana zakudala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ingane yakho encane izalwa ngaphezu kwamasonto amathathu ngaphambi kosuku olufanele, isenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwengane yakho siyoshintshwa uma izalwa ngosuku lwakhe olufanele. Ezinganeni eziningi ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, inqubekela phambili yentuthuko ifinyelela ebangeni elijwayelekile ngokweminyaka engu-2.4 Uma ingane yakho ingenayo, ingadinga ukusekelwa okungeziwe kanye nokungenelela, okuzokwethula udokotela wezingane zakho.
Indlela Ukuthuthukiswa Kuqashwe Ngayo
Akuzona zonke izingane ezithuthuka ngesilinganiso esifanayo, kodwa kunezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezidinga ukuthi odokotela balindele ukubona esikhathini esithile, futhi ukungenelela okunjengokukhuluma, ukukhuluma ngokomzimba, noma ukwelashwa komsebenzi kunganconywa uma ingane encane ingafinyeleleki emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa ngaphakathi kwesiphakamiso ububanzi. Odokotela bezingane bazoqapha inqubekelaphambili yengane yakho ekuvakasheni okuhle, njengokuhlola uma udokotela wakho engaguli, noma imishanguzo ngesikhathi sokuvakashelwa kahle, okuyokwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-12, izinyanga ezingu-18, izinyanga ezingu-24, nezinyanga ezingu-36.
Ukuze uthuthukise intuthuko yengane yakho, udokotela wakho wezingane uzobuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingane yakho idlala kanjani, ihamba, ixhumana nabanye, ikhuluma, iphendula imibuzo noma izinkombandlela kanye nemibuzo mayelana nokuziphatha okuzimele njengokudla noma ukuzigqoka. Abahlengikazi abaningi basebenzisa i-Ages and Stages Questionnaire, ithuluzi elihlolisisa kakhulu lokuhlola izingane kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube eminyakeni eyi-6. Abazali bacelwa ukuba bagcwalise lemibuzo ngaphambi kokuvakashelwa, okubuza uchungechunge lwemibuzo elinganisa ukuxhumana kwengane yakho, inkinga ukuxazulula, amakhono omuntu siqu, ezenhlalakahle, namakhono amancane. Leli phepha lemibuzo lenzelwe ukusiza ukubona izingane ezisengozini yokulibaziseka kwentuthuko , futhi ikhuthaza ukubandakanya kwabazali ekuthuthukiseni kwengane yabo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo noma ukhulume nodokotela, umgomo ukukhomba ukulibaziseka okungenzeka futhi unikeze izinsizakalo ezifanele ezingase zisekele ingane encane, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi." Ngokusho kwamasevisi okuLawula nokuVimbela, " i-United States, amaphesenti angaba ngu-13 abantwana abaneminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-17 banokukhubazeka okuthuthukayo noma okuziphatha njengokufana ne-autism, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, nokukhubazeka kokukhathazeka / ukugula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane eziningi zilibazisekile ngolimi noma kwezinye izindawo ezingathinta ukulungela esikoleni. "Ngaphambili lokhu kubambezeleka nokukhubazeka kubonakala, ngokushesha ingane ingase isetshenziswe ngezinsizakalo zokuqala zangasese. Izinsizakalo zokusungula zakuqala zenzelwe izingane nezinsana futhi zingasiza ingane yenza ngcono kakhulu emakhono okuthuthukiswa. Lezi zinsizakalo zibandakanya ukwelashwa okusiza ingane ukuthi ifunde ukuxhumana nabanye, ukuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukuthuthukisa izimpendulo ezifanele ezinkampanini zokuzizwa, nokuningi.
Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthuthukiswa komntanakho, khumbula ukuthi izingane zikhula ngezinyathelo ezihlukene, futhi, njengabantu abadala, zonke izingane ezincane zinamakhono anamandla kunezinye. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukungabi nandaba nezimpawu zokuxwayisa. Okokuqala, thintana nodokotela wezinyane lomntanakho uma unenkinga. Udokotela wengane yakho uzobuza imibuzo futhi angase akuthumelele ochwepheshe bokungenelela kokuqala ukuhlolwa okujulile okujulile. Uchwepheshe uzokuqapha ngokucophelela ingane yakho encane njengoba emthatha uchungechunge lwemidlalo noma imisebenzi. Ngalokhu kusebenzisana, kanye nokuxoxisana nabazali noma umnakekeli, ochwepheshe bangancoma ingane ukuba isebenzise izinsizakalo zakuqala noma cha. Uma ingane ingadingi izinsizakalo ezengeziwe, kungase kudingeke ulandele omunye ukuhlola ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ukuphinda uhlole kabusha.
> Imithombo:
> Izingane nokulala. I-National Sleep Foundation. https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-topics/children-and-sleep.
> Dahl RE. Ukulala nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho. Ukulala . 2007; 30 (9): 1079-1080.
> Ukuqapha Nokuthuthukiswa Kwentuthuko. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/screening.html. Kugcine ukubuyekezwa: 2/23/2016
> Ukudla nokudla: Uneminyaka emibili ubudala. I-American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Feeding-and-Nutrition-Your-Two-Year-Old.aspx. Kugcine ukubuyekezwa: 11/21/2015
> Preemie Izinyathelo. I-American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/Pages/Preemie-Milestones.aspx. Kugcine ukubuyekezwa: 11/21/2015