Igama elithi "izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa" libhekisela emaceleni amakhono kanye nokuziphatha okuthile okungabonakala ezinganeni nasezingane ezincane njengoba zikhula. Amagugu okuthuthukiswa ngokuvamile awela ezinhlokweni ezine: ngokomzimba, okufaka ukunyakaza nokusetshenziswa kwamagciwane amakhulu nezincane (okungenjalo eyaziwa njengezimoto ezincane kanye namakhono amakhono amancane, ngokulandelana); ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nomzwelo, okubandakanya ukuthi ingane yakho iveza kanjani imizwa yakhe kanye neminye futhi iphendule leyo mizwa; ukuqonda, okuhlanganisa ikhono lomntanakho lokufunda amakhono amasha nokuqonda imibono engacacile; kanye nokuxhumana, kuhlanganise nokuthola ulimi, amakhono omlomo, kanye nokukwazi ukuqonda ulimi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingane ezincane zikhula ngezinga labo eliyingqayizivele nokuthi kukhona ububanzi bezinto ezibhekwa ngokuthi "ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile." Nokho, udokotela wezingane uzolindela izingane eziningi ukuba zithole amakhono okuthuthukisa ngaphakathi kwefasitela ezungeze iminyaka ethile nezigaba ezithile. Futhi nakuba kungekho sizathu sokuba abazali basebenze ngokweqile nezingane zabo ezishaya izigigaba zentuthuko ngesikhathi esifanele, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho uma ukhathazekile. Ukubona ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kunganikeza ithuba lokunikeza ingane yakho ukungenelela okusheshayo-izinsizakalo ezinjengokwenyama, inkulumo, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha-ezingasiza ingane ukuba ithole amakhono akhethekile futhi "ibambe" kubangane bayo ngaphambi kokuqala isikole.
Nasi isampula encane yezinto ezibalulekile abazali abangalindela ezigabeni ezehlukene zokuthuthukiswa komncane:
Izinyanga ezingu-12 ezindala
Ukuthuthukiswa Komphakathi Nokuzwela: Ngonyaka owodwa, ingane encane yakho izoqala ukukhombisa izimpawu eziningi zokuqwashisa kwezenhlalo nezomzwelo. Ingane yakho ingase iqale ukuqala "ukunamathela" nabantu abathile, ngokuvamile umama nobaba, bese wenza amahloni noma ukhathazekile ngabantu abangabazi futhi ukhale lapho umama nobaba behamba.
Ingane yakho encane kufanele iqale futhi ijabule ngokudlala imidlalo elula efana nekhekhe le-patty noma i-peek-a-boo.
Ukuthuthukiswa koLimi: Ingane yakho encane engasakwazi ukwazi ukusho amagama amaningi-cishe "mama" nethi "dada" kanye namanye amagama-kodwa kufanele aqonde kabanzi futhi akwazi ukulandela imiyalelo elula. Uzozama ukulingisa umama nobaba.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo: Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingane eziseminyakeni yobudala zingaba yinto engafanele-konke kuyiyingxenye yentuthuko evamile. Uzothola ukuthi ingane yakho izothola amathoyizi akhe ngezindlela ezintsha, ukuyiphonsa noma ibangele ukuze ibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kokubona akusekho okulinganayo engqondweni yengane yakho, okuyinto ngeshwa uMama nobaba akusho ukuthi ukufihla into uma ufuna ingane encane ukuyikhohlwa.
Ukuhamba nokuthuthukiswa komzimba: Abanye abancane basuke behamba ngezinyanga ezingu-12, kodwa hhayi bonke, ngakho ungakhathazeki uma ingane ingakafiki. Ngonyaka owodwa, intsha encane kufanele ihlezi yodwa, idonsa ukuma, nokuhamba ngezinyawo (ukuhamba ngosizo ifenisha ukugcina ibhalansi).
Izinyanga ezingu-18 ezindala
Ukuthuthukiswa Komphakathi Nokuzizwela: Kungenzeka ukuthi uMama nobaba babeyizintandokazi zezingane kule minyaka-futhi mhlawumbe ubonisa uthando olukhulu kubantu abamnakekelayo.
Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi ingane yakho iyaqhubeka igoqa. "Ingozi ye-Stranger" iyinto evamile futhi ifaneleke ngokuthuthukile kule minyaka.
Ukuthuthukiswa koLimi noLwazi: I-vocabulary yengane yakho kufanele isandise, futhi ngezinyanga ezingu-18, kungenzeka ukuthi yazi amagama angama-12 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomnyaka nengxenye, ingane yakho ingase ikhulume ngemisho emibili elula. Okokugcina, lindele ukuthi ingane yakho ikwazi ukukhomba lokho akufunayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo: Yenzele ikholomu futhi uzifeze, ngenkathi ingakhulumi ngokugcwele, izoqala ukubonisa ukudlala komntwana wakho onyakeni nonyaka. Isibonelo, ungase ubone ingane yakho enjengokuzenza sengathi idla idoli lomntwana.
Ingane yakho izokwazi futhi ukukhomba izinto ngokukhomba, kuhlanganise izingxenye zomzimba wakhe. Futhi, ingane yakho kufanele ikwazi ukulandela izikhombisi-ndlela ezilula, njengokuthi "thatha amakhrayoni."
Ukuhamba nokuthuthukiswa komzimba: Ngenyanga eyizinyanga ezingu-18 ubudala, izingane ezincane zihamba, sonke isikhathi. Ingane yakho encane kufanele ihambe yedwa, futhi ingase isebenze futhi iwele ezitebhisini. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uzokwazi ukugqoka ngokwakhe. Futhi izinsana zizoqala ukuzondla ngokwawo nge-spoon futhi kufanele ziphuze ekomelweni elivamile.
Iminyaka emi-2 ubudala
Intuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomzwelo: Ingane yakho encane iyaqhubeka ibe yintando yenhlalo nokuzimela. Futhi, ngenkathi bengasakwazi ukuxhumana nezinye izingane ngenkathi bedlala, ingane yakho ingase ijabule lapho ezinye izingane-zanoma yikuphi ubudala-zizungezile. Iminyaka emibili ubudala ibuye ibonise ukuqala kwezidakamizwa ezinganeni eziningi ezifunda ukuthi zizwakalise kanjani uma zizikhungathekile, zikhukuthele, zikhathele, noma zilambile.
Ukuthuthukiswa koLimi noNokuxhumana: Umntwana wakho oneminyaka emibili manje ukhuluma ngemisho ende-kuze kube ngamagama amane kwezinye izimo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi uyazi amagama angama-50 futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ufunda omusha nsuku zonke. Kodwa kuzodingeka uqale ukuqaphela lokho okushoyo: Izingane zakho zilalele futhi zizokuphindaphinda ngezikhathi ezingapheli, ezingenza ezinye izimo ezihlazozayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo: Ukudlala komntwana wakho okuqhubekayo kuba nokudala ngokwengeziwe-ungambona enza izindaba noma imidlalo yokudlala. Ubuye ahlele izinto ngokuma nombala nokulandela izikhombisi-ndlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifaka izinyathelo ezimbili ezinjengokuthi, "Thatha amathoyizi akho bese uwabeka ebhasikisini."
Ukuhamba nokuthuthukiswa komzimba: Ukugijimela, ukukhuphuka, ukuphonsa, ukukhahlela-amakhono akho amakhulu ezineminyaka emibili ubudala asetshenziswe njalo. Ungalindela nokuthi ingane yakho encane ikwazi ukubamba ipensela noma ikrayoni bese ukopisha imigqa nemibuthano.
Iminyaka emithathu ubudala
Intuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomzwelo: Izinsana ezisencane azidlali ndawonye-zihlanganyela kulokho okuthiwa "ukudlala okufanayo," okusho ukuthi badlala eduze komunye nomunye, kodwa hhayi empeleni bahlanganyele. Zonke lezi zinguquko ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane yakho manje yenza ubuhlobo bayo nabangane bakhe (cishe uzozwa konke ngabangane bakhe esikoleni noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana) futhi ufunda indlela yokuhlanganyela, ukubambisana, nezinye izinto zokuziphatha ezamukelekayo emphakathini.
Ukuthuthukiswa koLimi nokuThuthukiswa: Ngalesi sikhathi, kunethuba elihle lokuthi ulahlekelwe inani lamagama ingane yakho encane ithi-futhi ngesizathu esihle, isilulumagama sakho somntwana mhlawumbe singamagama angamakhulu, futhi uqhuba izingxoxo ngokujabula . Ingane yakho encane iyakwazi nokuqonda futhi ilandele izinkombandlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamatheksthi amathathu noma ngaphezulu (uma uzizwa sengathi uthanda), futhi uqala ukuqonda imiqondo enzima kakhulu yolwimi njengaphakathi, ngaphezulu, ngezansi, njll.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo: Ukudlala ku-ezintathu kuba ukudala okuningi-ingane yakho ingenza amapuzzli amancane, zibone indlela yokwenza amathoyizi asebenze eyedwa, ukudlala ukukholelwa, ukwakha izakhiwo ngamabhuloki, nokuningi. Uzoqhubeka nokubona ukudabuka kule minyaka, okuvame ukuqhuma njengempendulo encane engayitholi indlela yakhe.
Ukunyakaza nokuthuthukiswa komzimba: Ingane yakho isikude kakhulu ukusuka "ukuhamba phambili" ukuhamba okuhamba phambili okuchaza ukuqala kwesiteji esincane. Njengoba ingane yakho ikhulile ekugugeni kwasekuqaleni, isebenza amabanga amade, ukukhuphuka, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuhamba ngebhayisikili. Umntanakho uyakwazi futhi ukudweba izithombe, okungenzeka ukuthi zibhalwe kuphela kuleli phuzu, kodwa cishe uzokwazi ukukutshela indaba ngalokho akwenzayo.
> Imithombo:
> Amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html. Kugcine ukubuyekezwa 8/18/16.
> Sibutsetelo sokungenelela kokuqala. Isikhungo Sokwaziswa Komzali Nezinsiza. http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/ei-overview/. Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngo-3/2014.