Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukiswa kolimi ezincane kanye nabaneminyaka emibili ubudala. Ukuqhathanisa ingane eyodwa kuya komunye akudingekile noma kuyasiza ngoba izingane zithinta izigameko ngezikhathi ezahlukene futhi izici eziningi zingathonya ukuthi ingane ikhuluma kangakanani noma kuhle kangakanani. Isibonelo, izingane ezihlala ekhaya elilodwa zingathatha isikhathi eside ukuba zikwazi ukukhuluma ngolunye ulimi (kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingaba namakhono angcono kakhulu okukhuluma ngamazwi kunabo ontanga).
Abantfwana emndenini onabaningi bakithi ngezinye izikhathi bakhulume kamuva ngoba abafowethu nodadewethu "bakhulume nabo" ngenye indlela. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amantombazane akhuluma ngaphambi kwabafana.
Ngezinye izikhathi, noma kunjalo, ukukhuluma isikhathi esifushane noma inkulumo engacacile kungaba amafulege abomvu okwephuza ukuthuthukiswa noma inkinga yangempela. Kulezo zimo, ingane yakho ingase izuze ekuphathweni kokukhuluma . Isinyathelo sokuqala, yiqiniso, sinquma ukuthi inkulumo yengane yakho isivele isitshelelwe yini iminyaka yakhe.
Izinkulumo ezibalulekile
Ebusuku lokuzalwa kwengane yakho, ingane ibble iqala ukushintsha. Njengoba ingane yakho izama kakhulu ukulingisa imisindo ezwayo kuyo, uchungechunge lwezingoma luqala ukuthatha amazwi langempela. Ezinyangeni ezalandela, amagama aqala ukuhlangana ndawonye emisho emincane, futhi emva kokuzalwa kwesibili kwengane yakho, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqhuma ngolwazi lwesibalo nokusetshenziswa kwemisho eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ungasebenzisa lolu hlu lwezinto ezibalulekile kanye nezibonakaliso zokubambezeleka lapho ucabanga ukuthi inkulumo yakho encane iyaqhubeka ngokujwayelekile.
Izinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18:
Ebusuku lokuzalwa kwengane yakho, izingane ezincane zinemisindo eminingi yokukhuluma. Mhlawumbe uzokwazi ukubona okungenani elilodwa noma amabili amagama avamile njengo "baba" (ibhodlela) noma "umama." Amagama asemibonweni yakhe, ebalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngokuvamile ngamazwi okuqala ingane ephethe ngayo.
Ngaphandle kwala magama angukhiye, inkulumo yengane yakho izobe ikhawulelwe ekuzwiseni umsindo ezinyangeni ezingu-12. Nokho, kulezi zinyanga eziyisithupha ezilandelayo, kufanele uqale ukubona ingane yakho iqala ukuthuthukisa ukukhulumisana okuthuthukisiwe okufana nalokhu:
- uzama ukukopisha amagama akho
- ukulingisa emuva nengxoxo yengxoxo yangempela
- ukuphoqa inkulumo yakhe kubuza umbuzo (othi "Jui?" uma ucela ijusi) noma wenze isidingo (ukumemeza "Jui!" lapho umemeza ngejusi.)
- ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa amagama esikhundleni sokuphendula kuphela imisindo oyenzayo
- usebenzisa inhlanganisela yemisindo nemisindo eyaziwayo ukuze ukhulume lokho afuna ukusho
Ngesikhathi ukulalela amagama noma ukuzwakala ingane yakho yenza kubalulekile, kufanele futhi ucabange ukuthi noma ingane yakho ingayilandela yini izinkomba ezilula ezibandakanya isinyathelo esisodwa (Pick up block).
Izinyanga ezingu-18 kuya ku-24:
Kukhona okungafani okujwayelekile kwamakhono okukhuluma phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuthuthukiswa . Ngaphandle kokuhluka kokuthuthukiswa, ubuntu bomntwana wakho nezimo zingabamba iqhaza kumagama amaningi ozwayo nokuthi kaningi kangakanani. Nokho, ngokwesilinganiso, ngesikhathi ingane yakho ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-2 ubudala, ungalindela ukumbona efinyelela ezigabeni ezilandelayo:
- ngokungezelela ukufaka amagama emagama akhe
- ukudala imisho emibili - nakuba angeke kube ngokuhlelwa kwegrama ("hamba," "funda incwadi")
- usebenzisa amagama ukukhomba izithombe encwadini noma ezizungezile
- ukubiza izingxenye zomzimba, izilwane futhi ngezinye izikhathi imisindo yezilwane ("moo" yenkomo)
Futhi, kufanele uhlole nokuthi ingane yakho ikwazi kanjani ukuqonda ukuthi uthini. Ingabe uyasabela kuwe uma ubuza imibuzo? Ungakwazi yini ukulandela imiyalo elula emibili elula ngeminyaka engu-2?
Iminyaka emibili kuya kwemi-3:
Phakathi kuka- 2 no-3 kuvame ukuba lapho abazali bebona ukuqhuma kwentetho yezingane kanye namakhono okukhuluma. Kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi ulwazi lomntwana lukhula ngamagama angu-200 noma ngaphezulu, kodwa into ebalulekile ukubona ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwenani lamagama ingane yakho iqala ukusebenzisa isonto ngesonto.
Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile zokubheka kulo nyaka zihlanganisa:
- ukusho amagama amaningi nokuqoqa amagama amasha awakutholayo njalo
- ukuhlanganisa amagama amathathu noma ngaphezulu emishweni (okungenzeka ukuthi isabhala ngesigama)
- ukuqala ukubona imibala, ubujamo, nemibono efana nokuningi noma encane nokukhulu kuncane
- ukucula imilolotelo yamahhala kanye nezingoma noma ukuphindaphinda izindaba ezivela ezincwadini ozifunde njalo
- ukuqala ukuveza imizwa ngamagama ("ngilamba," "Sam ukudabuka")
Kule minyaka yobudala, kusejwayelekile ukuthi abantu abangaphandle komndeni wakho noma uhlelo lokunakekelwa bangase bangakwazi ukuqonda ingane yakho kanye nakho konke okusemandleni akho. Ngonyaka ozayo, inkulumo yengane yakho kufanele iqonde ngokucacile.
Uma ukhathazekile ngenkulumo yengane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho wezingane mayelana nezimbangela zokulibaziseka kwenkulumo nezindlela ongayisekela ukuthuthukiswa kolimi ekhaya.
Umthombo:
Bowers, J. Michael, et. al. I-Foxp2 ixubanisa ukuhluka kocansi ku-Ultrasonic Vocalization nge-Rat Pups futhi iqondisa ukuhlelwa kokubuyiswa komama, i-Journal of Neuroscience, ngo-20 Febhuwari 2013 (kufinyelelwe ngo-11 Mashi 2013)