Imindeni eminingi ikhetha ukukhulisa izingane zabo ukuthi zikwazi ukukhuluma izilimi ezimbili, kungakhathaliseki lokho ngezizathu zamasiko, izinjongo zemfundo, noma ukucebisa impilo yabo. Futhi ngenkathi izilimi ezimbili ngaphansi kwebhande lakho zingase zibe yikhono elimangalisayo lokuba nalo lonke, isifundo esisodwa sibonise ukuthi sinomhlomulo omkhulu wezinkinga zabantwana ngokukhethekile.
Izinzuzo Zokuba Ngezilimi ezimbili
Ucwaningo lwangaphambili luqinisekisile ukuthi kunezinzuzo zokuba ngezilimi ezimbili, njengokuthi kuthuthukisa ikhono lokuqonda, ikakhulukazi ukuxazulula izinkinga. Ukwazi izilimi ezimbili futhi kunezinzuzo zezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle nezokuxhumana. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association ibhala izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuba izilimi ezimbili eziwusizo ikakhulu ezinganeni ezifana nalokhu:
- Ikhono lokuthatha amagama amasha ngokushesha
- Amakhono ngamazwi anemigqa
- Ukufundisa indlela yokudiliza amagama ngemisindo yabo njengoba befunda ukukhuluma nokufunda
- Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokufunda ulwazi olusha
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba
- Ukuxazululwa kwenkinga
- Amakhono okulalela athuthukisiwe
- Uzwela nokuxhumeka kwabanye abakhuluma ulimi olufanayo
Njengamanje, cishe amaphesenti angu-12 abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-5 banamagama amabili, kodwa ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi inani labantu abakukhuluma izilimi ezimbili lizoqhubeka likhula kuphela. Ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthi abazali bangase bafune ukucabangela ukufundisa ingane yabo ulimi lwesibili ekuseni kakhulu ngoba ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukufunda ulimi lwesibili kulula kakhulu eminyakeni engaphambili.
Kulula ukuthi umntwana afunde izilimi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa kunokuba umuntu omdala azame ukufunda ulimi lwesibili kamuva ekuphileni.
Ungayifundisa Ingane Yakho Ukuba Yimibili?
Ngenkathi abazali nabachwepheshe abaningi bebona izinzuzo zokuba izingane zabo zifunde izilimi ezimbili (noma ngaphezulu!), Empeleni ukufundisa izingane ukufunda izilimi ezimbili kungaba yinkinga encane.
Izingane ezikhulayo emakhaya lapho izilimi ezimbili ezikhulunywa ngabazali babo noma abanakekeli bavame ukufunda ulimi lwesibili kalula futhi ngokwemvelo. Kodwa izinsana ezingenalo inzuzo yabazali ababili noma abanakekeli bangakwazi ukuthola izinzuzo ngokufunda izilimi ezimbili.
Ukuze uzame ukucacisa ukuthi kungakanani ukuchazwa ngolwimi lwesibili ingane ifuna ngempela ukufunda ulimi, ochwepheshe baseMadrid, eSpain baqhube isifundo ngezingane ezineminyaka engama-7 ukuya ezinyangeni ezingu-33.5 ezindala ukuze zibone ukuthi ukufundisa isiNgisi kuthinteka kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kolimi. Ochwepheshe bacwaninga izingane ezingxenyeni ezine zokufundisa izingane ezisencane eMadrid, lapho izingane zanikezwa khona amahora angama-awa amahora amaningi eNgisi ezivela kubafundisi abakhuluma isiNgisi njengolimi lokuqala. Lezi zikhathi zaphela isikhathi esingamaviki angu-18.
Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izingane eziqenjini zeqembu zenza kangcono kunezinye izindlela zokufundisa isiNgisi kanti izinsana zigcina amagama amasha nokuqonda kwesiNgisi isikhathi eside kunabangane babo, ngisho nangemva kwamasonto angu-18 ngemuva kokuqedela isifundo.
Indlela Abafundi Abafunda Ngayo Ukuba Yizilimi ezimbili
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ekuqaleni ungethula ingane yakho ngolimi lwesibili, amathuba abo okuba yizilimi ezimbili.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukuthi ngisho nangezinyanga ezingu-12, ukubuka kwezingane ukuzwa amagama kunciphisa ulimi lwabo lokuqala . Amantombazane azalwa enekhono lokuzwa imisindo evela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilimi, kodwa njengoba eseduze nosuku lwawo lokuqala lokugxila kwabo kugxila phansi baze baqale "ukuzwa" imisindo yolimi lwabo lokuqala.
Isihluthulelo sokufunda ulimi lwesibili phakathi neminyaka yengane yengane yakho ukuthi amanethiwekhi wabo nezindlela zabo ezingqondweni azange zakhiwe ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke ubuchopho babo buyakwazi ukusetha "inethiwekhi" yezilimi zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenkathi beyingane, into ubuchopho obudala nje abakwazi ukukwenza.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukudalula ingane yakho ngangokunokwenzeka kuzo zombili izilimi ofuna ukuthi afunde, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kokuqala. Uma ungaphuthelwa lowo mkhawulo wokugcina, noma kunjalo, ungakhathazeki. Izingane ezitholakala ngezilimi ezimbili ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-5 nazo zivuna ezinye izinzuzo ezinkulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho.
Ukufundisa Izingane Ukuba Zimibili
Ngakho-ke siyazi ukuthi ukukhuluma ngezilimi ezimbili kuhle futhi ukuthi kungcono uma izinsana zingathatha ulimi lwesibili kusukela ekuzalweni, kodwa ufundisa kanjani ingane ukuba ibe yizilimi ezimbili?
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ingane ifunda ukuba yizilimi ezimbili kokubili ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yolimi lwesibili okukhulunywa ngabo nxazonke. Izingane zifunda kangcono kwisilungiselelo somuntu nomuntu ngokuphambene nevidiyo noma isevisi yokusakaza efundisa ulimi lwesibili. Futhi njengoba lolu cwaningo lubonise, izinyanga ezingu-9 nangaphansi kwezinsana zenza kahle ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zolimi ezisekelwe ekudlaleni kanye nomfundisi ophilayo kanye nokuthi bazofunda ulimi endaweni yemvelo ekhaya.
Kungakanani ukuvezwa kwenkathi yeqembu ukuthi ingane yakho ingadinga? Ucwaningo lwangaphambili seluthole ukuthi amaseshini angu-12 ngaphezulu kwamasonto ama-5-amahora angu-6 kuphela ekuvezeni ulimi lwangaphandle-yizo zonke izingane ezidingekayo ukuze ziqale ukuhlela lezo zindlela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho phansi ukuze zifunde ulimi lwesibili. (Yebo, ubuchopho bentsana buyamangalisa.) Kubonakala sengathi kunesixhumanisi esikhulu phakathi kokuhlelwa kwezenhlalo kanye nolwimi, ngakho abantwana bathanda ukufunda emvelweni wezenhlalakahle noma edlalwayo.
Abafundisi kulolu cwaningo basebenzise inkulumo eqondiswa izinsana, ukuthi "abazali" abanenhlonipho abazali nabazali abanakekelayo ngokwemvelo basebenzise lapho bekhulunywa nabantwana abanokusetshenziswa kolimi olulula, izwi eliphakeme, kanye nezikhalazo ezidonswe isikhathi eside. Indlela engokwemvelo yokukhuluma nabantwana empeleni kusiza ubuchopho babo bafunde ulimi kangcono. Ubuchopho bentsha buvame ukugxila emisindweni yokuqala, ngakho ukuphakama okuphakeme nokukhukhumezeka, imisindo ephuthumayo yenza kube lula ngabo ukuba bafunde leyo misindo kuqala, okuhunyushwa ngakho ngamagama.
Ezinganeni ezindala, ezinyangeni ezingu-7 kuya ku-33.5, isifundo seMadrid sathola ukuthi amahora angu-1 edlalwa nsuku zonke emphakathini kanye nabafundisi besiNgisi amasonto angu-18 kwaholela "ekuzuzeni okuphawulekayo ekuqondeni nasekulimeni kwamanye amazwe." Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, abacwaningi baphinde bahlola izinsana ezingu-18 ngemuva kokuqeda amaseshini okufundisa futhi ngemva kokuba bengenakho okunye okuchazwa ngesiNgisi futhi bathola ukuthi ubuchopho babo babengakwazi ukugcina ulwazi, amagama amasha, nemisindo ababebenayo wafunda. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kusenesikhathi esimisweni esisekelwe ekudlaleni nomfundisi kusize ukuthuthukisa ikhono lobuchopho lokugcina ulimi futhi.
Ngamafuphi, konke kwakuthatha ihora elilodwa ngosuku lomntwana odlala nomunye okhuluma ulimi oluhlukile ukuze afunde.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ukufundisa ingane yakho ulimi lwesibili kungamzuzisa ngezindlela eziningi. Ngeke nje ubeke ingane yakho impumelelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi empilweni ngekhono lokuba nelulwimi lwesibili, into efunwa kakhulu emnothweni womhlaba wonke futhi ingabeka eceleni ukhetho lomsebenzi, kodwa kube yizinguquko ezimbili ngendlela ubuchopho bomntanakho buqala ngayo .
Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukuveza ingane yakho ngezilimi ezimbili ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka kwasebuntwaneni, njengoba ubuchopho bentwana buqala ukugxila kolunye uhlobo lolimi eminyakeni yobudala. Noma kunjalo, ubuchopho bezingane basakwazi ukufunda nokugcina ulimi kangcono ngeminyaka emihlanu. Zonke izingane zizozuza ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho uma zitholakala ngezilimi ezimbili, ngakho ungesabi ukukhuthaza ingane yakho ukuba ifunde ulimi lwesibili kungakhathaliseki ukuthi libudala kangakanani. Izingane zifunda kangcono ngokusebenzisa ukudlala, futhi iseshini yeqembu noma isifundo ngomuntu wangempela indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokufundisa ingane yakho ukufunda ulimi lwesibili uma ungakhulumi ulimi lwesibili wena ngokwakho.
Imithombo:
UFerjan Ramirez, uN. kanye noKuhl, P. (2017), i-Bilingual Baby: Ukungenelela koLimi lwangaphandle kwamasevisi aseMantan e-Infant Education. Ingqondo, Ubuchopho, Nemfundo, 11: 133-143. Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mbe.12144/full
I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2017). Izinzuzo zokuba ngezilimi ezimbili. Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-http: //www.asha.org/public/speech/development/The-Inzuzo-of-Being-Bilingual/