Kuningi lokucabanga okuvela ngaphandle kwabazali abangabodwa - ikakhulukazi omama abangashadile. Isibonelo, kunabantu abakholelwa ukuthi "iningi" omama abangashadile bakhetha ukukhulisa izingane zabo, abaqashiwe, futhi bathole usizo lukahulumeni. Ngenkathi indaba yonke yomndeni ihlukile, iningi alisekeli lezi zicabango. Uma uhlola idatha ye-US Census, izibalo zomzali ongabodwa zingangimangaza. Ake sibheke ...
Abazali abangabodwa ngeNombolo
Ngokusho kwabamaKhosi nabaNtshontsho abaNakekela izingane: ngo-2009, umbiko okhishwe yi-US Census Bureau njalo eminyakeni emibili (futhi kakhulu nje ngoDisemba 2011), kunezigidi ezingaba ngu-13,7 abazali abangabodwa e-United States namuhla, futhi labo bazali onesibopho sokukhulisa izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-22. Le nombolo imele cishe u-26% wabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-21 e-US namuhla.
Naphezu kokucabanga okungenakwenzeka ukuthi iningi lamamazana angabodwa "ngokuzikhethela" akhetha ukukhulisa izingane zabo zodwa, iningi labantu abakhulisa izingane kuphela baqala ukuzibophezela futhi abazange balindele ukuba abazali abangabodwa. Nakhu isithombe somzali ongayedwa "ovamile", ngokusho kwe-US Census Bureau:
Ungumama Ongayedwa
Ukucabanga ukuthi abazali abaningi abangabodwa bangomama kunembile. Ngokombiko weCensus:
- Cishe u-82.2% wabazali bezokuphepha banomama, futhi
- Abazali abangu-17.8% (ababalelwa ku-1 kwabayisithupha) babababa
Uhlukanisile noma uhlukanisiwe
Ukucabanga ukuthi "iningi" omama abangashadile bangashadile kusukela ekuqaleni kungamanga. Kulabo omama abazali abahlukumezayo:
- 44.2% okwamanje bahlukanisile noma bahlukanisiwe
- Ama-36.8% angakaze ashade
- 18% ashadile; Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinombolo zimelela abesifazane abashadile
- 1.1% babafelokazi
Kubaba obazali abahlukumezayo:
- 53.5% bahlukanisile noma bahlukanisiwe
- U-24.7% akakaze ashade 1
Uqashiwe
Okunye ukucabanga ngamama angashadile ukuthi iningi lingasebenzi. Futhi, leyo mbono ayiyona yeqiniso ngokwemininingwane yedatha.
- Amaphesenti angaba ngu-76% omama abangabodwa abasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo (53.2% basebenze isikhathi esigcwele unyaka wonke, futhi u-22.8% usebenza isikhathi esithile noma ingxenye yonyaka)
- U-85.1% wezintambo zokulondoloza obaba abangabodwa abaqashiwe ngokuphumelelayo 2
Yena Nezingane Zakhe Abahlali Ngompofu
Omunye umndeni ongumzali ongabodwa ubumpofu kuningi kakhulu, kodwa ngokwemininingwane ye-US Census, ubumpofu akuyona into evamile emindenini eminingi yomzali oyedwa. Ukuvikela omama abangabodwa kanye nezingane zabo, ngeshwa, banamathuba amabili okuhlala ngobumpofu njengabantu abaningi. Ngokwezibalo:
- Ngonyaka ka-14.3% wabantu base-US abahlala ebuphofu
- Amaphesenti angama-30.4 wezingane zokuhlala abangabodwa nabantwana babo babehlala ebuphofu
- I-18.8% yokulondoloza obaba abangabodwa kanye nezingane zabo behlala ebuphofu
Akatholi Usizo Lomphakathi
Okunye ukucabanga ngamama angashadile ukuthi "iningi" lithola usizo lukahulumeni. Ngokusho kwedatha yangempela:
- Ngonyaka ka-2009, abangu-41.3% omama bokulondoloza bathola uhlobo oluthile losizo lukahulumeni
- U-32.3% wathola izinzuzo ze-SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)
- Amaphesenti angu-6.8 amakhomishana angama-single atholakele I-TANF (Usizo lwesikhashana lweMindeni Ehluphekile)
- Amaphesenti angama-20.9% abaphathi bokulondeka athola uhlobo oluthile losizo lukahulumeni
Uneminyaka engu-40 ubudala noma esekhulile
Okunye ukucabanga ngamama angashadile ukuthi "iningi" lincane. Ngokusho kwedatha yangempela:
- Amaphesenti angu-37.2% wokulondeka abomama abangashadile baneminyaka engama-40 ubudala noma ngaphezulu
Ukhulisa ingane eyodwa
Ekugcineni, enye inkolelo mayelana namama angashadile ukuthi "iningi" likhulisa izingane eziningi. Empeleni:
- I-57.2% yabamama abahlukunyezwayo bakhulisa ingane eyodwa kumzali ongekho
- 44.1% banabantwana ababili noma ngaphezulu abahlala nabo
Ngenkathi lezi zinombolo zinikeza isifinyezo, azikhulumi indaba yangempela mayelana nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba umzali oyedwa. Kuzo zonke izindaba ozwayo ngomama ongayedwa noma ubaba usebenzisa kabi izinzuzo zikahulumeni noma uhlala ngokunye okungahambi kahle, khumbula ukuthi lezo ziphathamandla azibonakali ngokoqobo imindeni engumzali oyedwa. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, ungayinaki imikhosi yonke futhi wazi umama ongashadile ohlala eduze noma izingane zakhe ezifunda esikoleni esifanayo njengezingane zakho. Ukutholwa kwesandla sokuqala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubheka lezi zinkolelo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ukwakha umphakathi wokusekela endaweni yabo!
Umbiko we-Census Bureau ka-2009 awuzange ufake izibalo mayelana nobaba abashadile noma abafelokazi abangabazali abangabodwa.
Umbiko we-Census Bureau ka-2009 awuzange ufake izibalo mayelana nephesenti yokulondoloza obaba abangabodwa abangasebenzi isikhathi esigcwele nalabo abasebenza isikhathi esithile noma ingxenye yonyaka.
Izinkomba:
I-united states. Umnyango Wabalobi. Omama Abasindayo Nabazali Nengane Yabo Ukusekela: 2009. NguTimothy S. Grall. Ukubalwa kwabantu, 2009. 24 Nov. 2013 [http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60-240.pdf].