Akukho mbuzo ukuthi isehlukaniso sinomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni. Izibalo ezilandelayo ziphakamisa ukuthi obaba kudingeka benze konke okusemandleni abo ukuze balondoloze umshado lapho kunokwenzeka khona, futhi uma behlukanisile kakade, babe nobaba obathintekayo nabathintekayo.
Ingozi Yesehlukaniso
Cishe amaphesenti angu-50% aseMelika ayobona ukuhlukana komshado womzali. Kulabo, eduze kwesigamu uzobona ukuhlukana komshado wesibili womzali.
(Furstenberg, FF, Nord, CW, Peterson, JL, noZill, N. (1983). "I-Life Course of Children of Divorce." Ukuhlaziywa Kwezemvelo KwaseMelika 48 (5): 656-668.)
Enye yezingane ezingu-10 abazali bazo abahlukanisile bazophinde babone ukuhlukunyezwa komshado kwabazali abathathu noma ngaphezulu. (Gallager, Maggie. Ukuqeda Umshado: Indlela Esibhubhisa Ngothando Oluhlala Ngayo )
Kuzo zonke izingane ezizalwa abazali abashadile kulo nyaka, amaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu azothola isehlukaniso sabazali bawo ngaphambi kokuba afike ekupheleni kwawo-18. (Patrick F. Fagan noRobert Rector, "Imiphumela Yesehlukaniso eMelika," i- Heritage Foundation Backgrounder , Meyi 2000.)
I-Physical Effects
Izingane abazali babo abahlukanisile zingase zibe nokulimala, i-asthma, ikhanda kanye nezinkinga ezingakhulumi kunabantwana abazali babo abahlala bashadile. (Dawson, Deborah. "Ukwakhiwa Komndeni Nezempilo Yezingane Ne-Well-Being: Idatha evela ku-National Health Survey Survey yango-1988." Journal of Marriage and Family 53 (Agasti 1991): 573-84.)
Ngemuva kwesahlukaniso, izingane zingamaphesenti angu-50 amathuba okuthuthukisa izinkinga zempilo kunemindeni emibili yabazali. (Ronald Angel noJacqueline L. Worobey, "Umama Ongashadile Nezingane," Journal of Health and Social Behavior 29 (1985): 38 - 52.)
Izingane ezihlala nabazali ababili bezinto eziphilayo zinezimpikiswano ezingamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-35 ezempilo ngaphezu kwezingane ezivela emakhaya ngaphandle kokubili abazali abaphilayo abakhona.
(Dawson, Deborah, "Ukwakhiwa Komndeni Nezempilo Yezingane Ne-Well-Being: Idatha evela ku-National Health Survey Survey yango-1988." Journal of Marriage and Family 53 (August 1991): 573-84)
Imiphumela Yomzwelo
Ucwaningo kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 lwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezimweni lapho abazali bazo bezibandakanye khona ekuhlukaniseni ngezixazululo eziningi zathola amamaki aphansi kunezontanga zabo futhi ontanga yabo yabalinganisa njengento engathandeki kangcono yokuba khona. (Andrew J. Cherlin, Umshado, ukuhlukanisa, nokushada , i-Harvard University Press 1981)
Intsha emindeni engumzali oyedwa kanye nasemindenini ehlanganisiwe ingamaphesenti angama 300% adinga usizo lwezingqondo kunoma yimuphi unyaka onikeziwe kunabasha abavela emndenini engapheliyo, emikhulu yenuzi. (Peter Hill, "Ukuthuthuka Kwamuva Kwimisebenzi Ekhethiwe YeNtuthuko Yentsha," Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1993)
Izingane ezisuka emakhaya ahlukanisile zinenkinga engokwengqondo kunabantwana abalahlekelwe ngumzali ukufa. (Robert E. Emery, Umshado, Ukuhlukaniswa Nezinguquko Zezingane , uSage Publications, 1988)
Abantu abavela emakhaya aphukile bavame ukuzama ukuzibulala kabili kunalabo abangangeni emakhaya aphukile. (Velez-Cohen, "Ukuzibulala Ngokuzikhethela Nengqondo Emphakathini Isampula Sezingane" I- Journal ye-American Academy of Child ne-Adolescent Psychiatry 1988)
Izingane ezindala zesehlukaniso zivame ukuba nemisebenzi ephansi yokukhokha kanye nekolishi elingaphansi kwabazali babo; ubudlelwane obunzima babazali nabantwana; umlando wokungcupheni kwezidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala ekukhuleni; ukwesaba ngokuzibophezela nokuhlukanisa; nezinkumbulo ezimbi zezinhlelo zomthetho eziphoqelelwe ukugcinwa kanye nokuvakashelwa. (UJudith Wallerstein, uJulia Lewis, noSandra Blakeslee, Ifa elingalindelekile lokwahlukanisa: Isifundo seMinyaka engu-25 , iNew York, Hyperion, 2000)
Imiphumela Yezemfundo Yesehlukaniso Kubantwana
Izingane zabazali abahlukanisile zivame ukuyeka isikole esiphakeme kunabangane babo abasaphila nabazali abangazange bahlukanise.
(McLanahan, Sandefur, Ukukhulisa Nomzali Ongayedwa: Okubuhlungu, Okusizayo , i-Harvard University Press 1994)
Izibalo Ngokungabi Nesibindi
Amaphesenti angu-40 ezingane ezikhula eMelika namuhla zikhuliswa ngaphandle koyise. (Wade, Horn and Busy, Obaba, Umshado kanye Welfare Reform , Hudson Institute Executive Briefing, 1997)
Abantwana abangaba ngu-40 abahlali nobaba wabo ophilayo abazange bambone ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezedlule; abangaphezu kwengxenye yabo abazange bahlale ekhaya futhi amaphesenti angama-26 alawo obaba ahlala endaweni ehlukile kunezingane zabo. ( Baba Facts , Edition Fourth (2002), National Fatherhood Initiative)
Izifundo Okumele Zifunde
Ukwahlukanisa kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokuba izingane zibe nezinselelo ezinkulu zokuphila. Ngenkathi siqaphela izingozi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isahlukaniso singase sibe impendulo engcono kunazo zonke ezinganeni lapho kudlalwa udlame lwasekhaya, ukuhlukunyezwa noma amanye amaphethini wokuziphatha okulimazayo engxenyeni eyodwa noma enye (noma kokubili) yabazali. Obaba kumele basebenze kanzima, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bashadile noma cha, ukunikeza ubaba oqinile, obhekene nokuzibophezela nokusebenzela ukugcina umshado, lapho kungenzeka khona, noma ukusebenza kanzima ukuze ube nomthelela omuhle ekuphileni kwezingane uma ubaba nomama asisashadile.
Lezi zibalo kufanele zibe yindlela yokuvuka kunoma yimuphi ubaba othanda futhi ozikhathalela izingane zakhe. Masivuke futhi sinikele ngokuqinile izingane zethu kanye nesibonelo esihle samadoda emiphakathini yabantwana abangenabantwana abaseduze nathi nasendleleni yethu yethonya.