I-AAP Yenza Iziqondiso Zokulala Zokuphepha Zokunciphisa Inani Lokufa Okuhlobene Nokulala
Ngo-2016, i-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) yashicilela imihlahlandlela ephephile yokulala yabantwana ngenhloso yokusiza ukuvimbela ukufa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa (SIDS) kanye nokufa okuhlobene nokulala okufana nokuqothulwa nokuhlushwa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, banikeze izincomo ezingu-19 ukusiza ukuvikela ingane yakho. Okumangalisa ukuthi ezinye zazo zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho izalwe.
Okuyisisekelo ukuthi kufanele ulandele yonke imihlahlandlela yezempilo nokuphepha, kubandakanya ukunakekelwa kokubeletha nokunakekelwa kahle , wena nomntanakho. Lokhu kubandakanya imishanguzo yabantwana esebenzisa izikhungo zokuLawula nokuVikela (CDC). Kufanele uqaphele futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa amadivaysi amaningi okulala asetsheni abenza izicelo zokuvikela ama-SIDS nezinye izingozi ngesikhathi sokulala kwengane njengoba kungekho cwaningo. Ukubeletha kuyisivikelo futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokufa futhi uma uncelisa ingane yakho ebusuku, umbhede omdala olungiselelwe ngokuphepha uphephile kunombhede noma usihlalo kufanele ulale ngengozi. Ungafunda imininingwane engezansi ngezansi, kufaka phakathi amanye amathiphu awusizo kokubili wena nalabo abanakekela ingane yakho.
Ukukhulelwa
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bafune futhi bathole ukunakekelwa kokubeletha njalo. Ukunakekelwa kokubeletha kuyinto engasiza kakhulu ngaphandle kwamasonto angu-40 okukhulelwa. Inqubo yokwelashwa kokubeletha akusizi kuphela ukusiza umuntu okhulelwe kanye nomntanakho noma abantwana bakhe ithuba lokubeletha okunempilo nokubeletha ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa futhi kusiza ukusetha ithoni yesimo sempilo yengane yokuphila.
Ingane ezalwe emva kokukhulelwa kwengcindezi ingase ithole ingozi enkulu kusuka ezinkingeni, kuhlanganise ne-SIDS. Ngokuvimbela izinkinga ezithile zokukhulelwa ezinjengokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha lapho kunokwenzeka futhi nokwandisa indlela yokuphila enempilo, izinzuzo zithatha ukukhulelwa kahle esikhathini esidlule kanye nosana.
Gwema ukungcola kwentuthu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokuzalwa. Gwema ukusebenzisa utshwala nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ngesikhathi ukhulelwe futhi emva kokuzalwa. Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala ekukhulelweni sekuye kwaziwa isikhathi eside kubangela izinkinga ezingase zibe nokukhulelwa, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi bokubeletha , izingane ezincane zokubeletha (SGA) , izinkinga ezingokwemvelo , njll.
Manje kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ngaphandle kwezingozi ezingabangela ekukhulelweni, kunezinkinga ezingase zibe khona esikhathini esizayo empilweni, kufaka phakathi ingozi ye-SIDS. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lesi sincomo siyaqhubeka phakathi nokuphila kwengane, ikakhulukazi ngokubhema futhi ayifaki nje kuphela umama kodwa labo abaseduze komntwana.
Infancy
Buyela ekulaleni kwakho konke ukulala. Ukuba nomntwana wakho elele ngemuva kwabo kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa izinombolo zokufa ezivela kwi-SIDS kakhulu kusukela ekusetshenzisweni komkhankaso we-Back to Sleep (manje umkhankaso ophephile wokulala) kusukela ku-AAP nabalingani. Le ncomo yilabo bonke abalala nabo bonke abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi wenze lokhu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi noma ubani okhathalela ingane yakho wenza okufanayo, kuhlanganise nogogo nomkhulu nabahlinzeki bezinsuku.
Sebenzisa indawo yokulala eqinile. Ngenkathi ungase ucabange kuqala ukuthi lokhu kungukuthi ukuqina komshini womshini we-crib, okuwukuthi ukugwema izindawo ezithile zokulala usana njengamalala, imibhede yamanzi, njll. Lezi zindawo ziboniswe ukwandisa ubungozi bokuphefumula nokufa ezinganeni.
Kunconywa ukubeletha. Ukubeletha kuyisivikelo futhi kusiza ukuvimbela i-SIDS, ngaphezu kwezinye izinzuzo eziningi.
Lokhu kuvikeleka kwandisa isikhathi eside uma uncelisa futhi uphakeme uma unikeza ingane yakho ubisi kuphela lwebele. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubisi lwebele luvikela futhi ingane yakho izothola lezi zinzuzo lapho uthola ubisi lwebele ngebhodlela noma indebe. Enye yezinguquko ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kule setha yezincomo ukuthi uma umama ezobeletha ebusuku, batusa ukuthi uma ulele, ulethe umntwana embhedeni wakho (okumele wenziwe ephephile ngokuvumelana nale mihlahlandlela) uma kwenzeka ulala nomntwana. Kube khona amacala amaningi okufa kwezinsana lapho abazali, becabanga ukuthi bavikelekile, balele ngenkathi bedla ingane phakathi kobusuku embhedeni noma esihlalweni, kuphela ukuba umntwana aphelelwe yilapho elele embhedeni.
Kunconywa ukwabelana ngamakamelo nosana endaweni yokulala ehlukile. Ukugcina ingane yakho ekamelweni lakho izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala kungasiza ukuvikela ingane yakho futhi. I-AAP itusa ukuthi lokhu kufanele kube embhedeni owodwa uma ungahambisani neminye imihlahlandlela engenhla yokukwabelana ngendlala nomntanakho. Lokhu kungaba sesitokisini, i-bassinet, noma umbhede ohlangothini.
Gcina izinto ezithambile kanye nokulala okude kude nendawo yokulala yabantwana. Zonke izindawo zokulala, kuhlanganise nombhede womzali, kufanele zibe mahhala ezintweni ezithambile, kuhlanganise nokulala okungeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele uhlabe amathoyizi, imithwalo yezinsana, futhi mhlawumbe amanye ama-bumpers namanye ama-blanket e-crib. Kungcono kakhulu ukugcina ingane yakho igqoke izingubo eziqinile kunezingubo zokugqoka ezingabamba futhi zibophe ingane.
Cabanga ukunikeza i-pacifier ngesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nesikhathi sokulala. Kunezifundo ezithile ezibonisa umntwana onama-pacifier angaba nengozi encane ye-SIDS. Kodwa-ke, kuphawulwe ukuthi akufanele uphoqe ingane ukuthi ithathe i-pacifier. Ungase futhi ufune ukunikela nge-pacifier kanye kuphela uma ukondla ukwakhiwa kahle ukuvikela ubisi bakho.
Gwema ukushisa. Izingane zivame ukubonakala zikhishwe ngetheni lezingubo ezingaphezulu, ngisho nasehlobo. Ngenkathi izinsana zinezimpikiswano nomthetho wokushisa, zivame ukudinga okungaphezulu kokungqimba kokukhanya kunalokho esizozigqoka. Nakuba kungcono ukusebenzisa umbhede wengane kunengubo, vele uqinisekise ukuthi isimo sezulu sifanelekile.
Izinsana kufanele zigonywe ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-AAP ne-CDC. Ingane enempilo ingenakufa kakhulu nge-SIDS ngaphezu kwezifo ezivimbela imishanguzo.
Ukuqapha, ukuvusa isikhathi se-tummy kunconywa ukwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa nokunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-plagiocephaly yesikhashana. Esinye sezikhathazo zokulala emuva sekubekwe eceleni kwesimo se-plagiocephaly , lapho inhloko yekhanda lomntwana iba yindlala kusukela ekulaleni kuyo. Ukusiza ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kunconywa isikhathi somntwana ngesikhathi sokuvuka ngenkathi ukwazi ukulalela nokuvikela ingane yakho engozini.
Imikhiqizo
Gwema ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi ezentengiselwano ezingavumelani nezincomo zokulala zokuphepha. Kunemikhiqizo eminingi ethengiswa kubazali abasha. Eziningi zale mikhiqizo zenza izimangalo ezingaqinisekisiwe ngobucwaningi besayensi. Lokhu kungaholela ezingozini ezibangele ukulimala noma ukufa kumntanakho. Kuye kwaba nokukhumbula okuningi eminyakeni edlule yalezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo. I-AAP ifuna ukuhamba kancane futhi ivimbele abazali ekuthengeni imikhiqizo ngokusekelwe kulezi zimangalo zamanga. Ngakho uma ubona okuthile bese ucabanga ngokuwuthengisa, buye uphinde ucabange uma izimangalo zibonakala zingafani nale mihlahlandlela.
Akukho bufakazi bokuthi kunconywe ukuthungathwa njengendlela yokunciphisa ingozi ye-SIDS. I-Swaddling ibanjwe njengendlela yokuvimbela i-SIDS. Lokhu akutholakalanga ekucwaningweni. Ngakho uma ingane yakho inzondo ukukhwabanisa, ungakhathazeki ngakho. Uma wenza swaddle ingane yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ubukele ukushisa futhi uvikele izinyathelo zazo phakathi kwamasu amasu swaddle ephephile.
Ungasebenzisi abaqaphi be-cardiorespiratory njengeqhinga lokunciphisa ingozi ye-SIDS. Abanye abazali baye bacabanga ukuthi ukuqapha ukubuka ingane kungasiza, kodwa lokhu akutholakalanga ukuthi kunjalo. Londoloza imali yakho bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imishini yezokwelapha ekhaya.
Inqubomgomo
Qhubeka ucwaninga futhi uhlolisise ngezindlela zokubeka ingozi, izimbangela, kanye ne-pathophysiologic ye-SIDS kanye nokufa kwezinsana ezihlobene nokulala, nomgomo omkhulu wokuqeda lezi zifa ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo eminyakeni engu-20 edlule lwenze okuningi ekuvinjeni ukufa kwezingane njengoba kuhlobene nokulala. Kudingeka siqaphe futhi siqhubeke sibheka izindlela zokuvimbela lawa kufa.
Abezindaba nabakhiqizi kufanele balandele imihlahlandlela yokulala ephephile kwimilayezo yabo nokukhangisa. I-AAP iphakamisa ucingo lwayo kubakhiqizi bemikhiqizo ukuze bangabhubhisi emindenini esabayo futhi bazibuze ukuthi bangenzani ukusiza ukugcina izingane zabo. I-AAP ifuna ukuba benze ingxenye yabo enhle ekuvikeleni imindeni.
Qhubeka nomkhankaso "Ophephile Ukulala", ugxile ezindleleni zokunciphisa ingozi yazo zonke izinsana zokufa ezisencane zokulala, kuhlanganise ne-SIDS, ukuqubuzana nokunye ukushona okungenhloso. Umkhankaso kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abazali bayazi izindlela zokugcina izingane zabo ziphephile. Ngokuqhubeka, singasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abazali bathola lo mlayezo.
Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, abasebenzi abasanda kuzalwa kanye nama-NICUs, kanye nabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwengane kufanele bavume futhi bafeze izincomo zokunciphisa ingozi ye-SIDS kusukela ekuzalweni. Ingxenye yemizamo yokufundisa yomkhankaso ukufinyelela abantu ngaphandle kwabazali abangase banakekele izingane zakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa odokotela kanye nabahlengikazi abanakekela ingane yakho esibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezingane. Kuhlanganisa nabasebenzi bezinsuku lapho ingane yakho ingaba khona emini.
Abahlengikazi kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko kufanele bahlanganyele kulo mkhankaso. Umgomo walo mkhankaso wezemfundo ukufinyelela wonke umuntu omdala. Nakuba lokho kubonakala kubanzi, khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi bangase baxhumane nengane yakho futhi bangangeni kwesinye sezigaba zobuchwepheshe. Cabanga ngabantu abangase basebenze esitolo sakho sesonto, laba bangaba izisebenzi zokuvolontiya okungenzeka babengabantwana noma izingane zabo zikhulile, okusho ukuthi abazange bazizwe mayelana neziqondiso ezintsha.
> Imithombo:
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> Moon RY; I-AAP Task Force on Childhood Immant Death Syndrome. I-SIDS kanye nokufa kwezinsana ezihlobene nokulala: Isisekelo sobufakazi ngo-2016 sivuselelwe izincomo zokuphepha kwezingane ezisemakhaya. Izingane zokwelapha . 2016; 138 (5): e20162940.
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> I-AIDS kanye nezinye Ukufa Kwezingane Ezihlobene Nokulala: Kubuyekezwe iziphakamiso ze-2016 Environmental Safe Sleeping Environment. UKUHLELA KWESIKHATHI SUDDEN UKUPHILA KWESIFUNDO SOKUPHILA. I-Pediatrics ; eshicilelwe ekuqaleni ngo-Okthoba 24, 2016; I-DOI: 10.1542 / ama-peds.2016-2938.