Ukuqeda isimo sokuqala kungenye yezinkinga ezibuhlungu kunazo zonke imindeni emhlabeni jikelele ebhekene nayo. Lapho umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kokuba amasonto angu-37 ubudala, umntwana uthathwa njengengaphambi kwesikhathi. E-US, ngokwe-CDC, cishe eyodwa kwezingane eziyishumi zizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amazinga okucatshangelwa ayenyuke phezulu nangaphezulu eminyakeni yamuva nje.
I-March of Dimes ichaza ukuthi, ngenhlanhla, amazinga okushisa kokuqala ayabonakala eyancipha, kodwa abantwana abangaphezu kuka-380 000 bazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi njalo ngonyaka.
Futhi emhlabeni wonke, ukuguqulwa kwesandulela ngculaza kusengumphumela oholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Kungani Ingxaki Yokuqeda Ingqungquthela Iyinkinga Kwabantwana
I-CDC iphawula ukuthi ukuguqulwa kokuqala kungabangela izinkinga eziningi ezinganeni. Ukufa akuyona nje ingozi-futhi ingozi yokufa iyakwandisa ekuqaleni ingane izalwa-kodwa umntwana ubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nalezi:
- Izinkinga zokuphuza
- Ukuncelisa ubunzima
- I-cerebral palsy
- Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa
- Izinkinga zembono
- Ukuzwa ukukhubazeka
Ingozi yezinkinga ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zihluka kancane, kuye ngokuthi ingane izalwa kanjani . Nakuba noma yimuphi umntwana ozalwa ngaphambi kwamaviki angu-37 kubhekwa kungakapheli, kunezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokungabonakali kokuqala. Isibonelo, umntwana ozalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-32 kuya kwangu-37 uthathwa njengesizotha kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi, umntwana ophakathi kwamasonto angama-28 no-32 uyisandulela, futhi umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-28 ungumuntu obalulekile kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuthi amazinga okushisa kwangaphambili aphezulu kakhulu, kunabantu abaningi abadala kunanini ngaphambili abanenkinga ngenxa yokungakabi nantombazane njengezinsana.
Ngokubanzi, kuyinto enkulu kakhulu empilweni yomhlaba wonke ukusiza ukunciphisa umthelela wokuqeda imindeni imindeni.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-Womb Yokufakelwa Yisiza Ukuqeda Ukonakala?
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zibhekene namaphaphu angathuthuki. Lapho abantwana bezalwa ngokushesha kakhulu, amaphaphu abo akwazi ukuthuthukisa kahle futhi okuholela kubaningi ngokushesha futhi uma abantwana besinda, nezinye izinkinga zesikhathi eside.
Odokotela baye bazama ukuza nezixazululo zokusiza amaphaphu wengane. Njengamanje, odokotela basebenzisa i-steroid emaphashini wengane ukuze bazame ukusiza amaphaphu angaphilile, kodwa ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancane kakhulu, badinga usizo olwengeziwe kune-steroid.
Yingakho ososayensi benethemba lokuthi ukwethula isibeletho sokufakelwa kungasiza ekunikezeni izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi esengeziwe abazozidinga ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele. Esifundweni sika-2017 esikhishwe eMvelo , abacwaningi baye bafaka impumelelo yesibeletho sokufakelwa esenzelwe amawundlu. Babekwazi ukugcina ngempumelelo imfubane yesilwane esibelethweni inyanga yonke, kungekho izinkinga zempilo.
Indlela Esebenza ngayo
Isibeletho sokufakelwa kuyisistimu ye-extrauterine eklanyelwe ukwenza njengesibeletho. Isebenzisa inhlanganisela yesikhwama seplastiki, amaphampu, ama-gas blenders ukuze balondoloze ibhalansi elungile le-oksijeni, kanye nezihlungi ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezelwa. Mhlawumbe kakhulu kunazo zonke, kuyisistimu yesifunda evaliwe, okusho ukuthi iyalinganisa indawo yangempela yesibeletho semvelo. Lapho umntwana ekhulayo esibelethweni, ivaliwe emhlabeni wangaphandle futhi umntwana akaphefumuli umoya. Esikhundleni salokho, amaphaphu agcinwa esimweni esiqhubekayo se-amniotic fluid futhi ingane ithola oksijeni yayo nge-placenta esikhundleni sokuphefumulela emaphashini.
Lokhu kusiza amaphaphu avuthiwe ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuthi aqale ukuphefumula umoya ngokwabo.
Ukubheka ukuthuthukiswa kwezimvu, lolu cwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi amawundlu amancane ayekhula ngendlela evamile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho namaphaphu. Amawundlu akwazi ukuhlala ngempumelelo esibelethweni sokufakelwa amasonto amane. Lokhu kungase kungabonakali njengesikhathi eside, kepha emhlabeni wekuguqulwa kwangempela, ngokoqobo nsuku zonke kungenza umehluko ekuthuthukiseni kwengane.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi omama abasebenzayo babe yikusasa?
Ngabe sizobe sibona izingane zingakabi isikhathi esingaphansi kwezibeletho zokufakelwa zifaka izibhedlela zethu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze? Mhlawumbe hhayi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi maduzane.
Kusekhona umsebenzi omningi okudingeka wenziwe ukuze ulethe ubuchwepheshe kuze kube lapho ulungele ukusetshenziselwa izinsana zabantu.
Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abasemva kwesibeletho bathemba ukuthi bazoqala ukuhlola isibeletho sokufakelwa ezinganeni zabantu esikhathini esifushane, eminyakeni engaba ngu-3 kuya kwemihlanu. Ngakho-ke, ngethemba lokuthi esikhathini esizayo, isibeletho sokufakelwa singase sibe isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuphatheni inkinga yokuqeda imindeni imindeni.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Wezifo, Ukulawula, Nokuvimbela. (2017). Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm
> Partridge, E. et al. (2017, Ephreli 25). Uhlelo oluthile lwe-uterine ukuze lusekele ngokomzimba iwundlu elingakafiki ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuxhumana koMvelo 8. i: 10.1038 / ncomms15112. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15112
> I-World Health Organization. (2016, Novemba). Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/