Ukungafani kwe-ABO akuvamile neze kuyingozi kodwa kungabangela i-jaundice noma i-anemia
Ngemuva kokulinda izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye eziningana ukuhlangabezana nomntanakho, okuncane kungaba mnandi ngabazali abasha abaziqhenyayo kunokuba babambe izindlebe zabo, abanesineke esinezinyosi, ezinamathoyizi abo amade anemifino emide kakhulu. Kodwa kuthiwani ngohlobo lwakhe lwegazi? Nakuba kungase kube kuhle ukuthi umbala wezinwele zentsana, uthi, uhlukile kunomama wakhe (ngisho noma ngabe esithemba ngasese ukuthi uzohlala ifa lakhe lendwangu yamakhanda e-strawberries), ngezinye izikhathi kuyindaba ehlukile uma uhlobo lwegazi lwengane lungekho okufana nokawo.
Uma kunjalo, angase abe engozini yesimo esaziwa ngokuthi u-ABO uhlobo lwegazi olungavumelani, uhlobo lokugula olwaziwa njengesifo se-hemolytic yengane esanda kuzalwa (i-HDN). (Isibonelo esinye se-HDN senziwa lapho igazi likamama linguRhin futhi ingane yakhe i-Rh enhle. Ukungafani kwe-Rh kubhekwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa; umama olindelekile anganikezwa ukudubula ukuze ahlukumeze izinkinga.)
Esikhathini esidlule, i-HDN (eyaziwa ngokomzimba njenge-erythroblastosis fetalis) ingafaka impilo yengane engozini enkulu. Empeleni, ngesikhathi esisodwa i-HDN yimbangela enkulu yokufa kwezingane ezintsha. Manje abacwaningi bezokwelapha baqonde kangcono izindlela ezibangelwa ama-HDN, azicishe zisongela. Uma ungumama omusha ohlobo lwegazi lomntwana oluhlukile kweyakho, yilokho okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokungafani kwe-ABO.
I-ABCs ye-ABO Ukungalingani
Izinhlamvu A, B, no-O zibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zegazi ezine, i-A, B, AB, no-O. Uhlobo lwegazi lunqunywa ngokusekelwe kwamaprotheni ebusweni bamaseli abomvu.
La maprotheni angama-antigens angaba khona-izinto amasosha omzimba awawuboni. Ukuze kuvikelwe, isimiso somzimba sokuvikela amasosha sizokwenza ama-antibodies ukuze alwe namaprotheni angajwayelekile. Lezi zinselo zomzimba zingadlula i-placenta, lapho zizokwephula khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe.
Isizathu sokuthi uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana alufani ngaso sonke isikhathi nonina ukuthi loluhlobo lwegazi lusekelwe kumagciwane avela kumzali ngamunye.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, umama othayipha u-O nobaba othayipha u-A angaba nomntwana othayipha u-A. Isizathu sokuthi ingane ingasayikuthayipha i-O, njengomama wayo, ngoba isakhi se-O ukuphindaphindiwe.
Akuyona yonke inhlanganisela engalingani yezinhlobo zegazi enenkinga. Ukungafani kwe-ABO kungenzeka kuphela uma owesifazane onomhlobo O ogazini enomntwana ogama lakhe linguhlobo A, uhlobo B, noma uthayiphe u-AB. Uma umntwana ethayipha O ngeke kube nenkinga nge-response immune response ngoba uhlobo O amangqamuzana egazi awunayo impendulo ye-immune edala ama-antigens.
Ukuthi Ukungahambisani Kokuthi Kuhlobene Njani
Inkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezibangelwa ukungafani kwe-ABO yi- jaundice . I-jaundice iyenzeka uma kune-buildup ye-orangish-red substance egazini elibizwa nge-bilirubin elikhiqizwa lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ephuka ngokwemvelo. Uma amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ephulwa ngasikhathi sinye kunokujwayelekile, i-bilirubin eyophumela izobeka izicubu ezinamahloni ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kubangele i-hue ephuzi yesikhumba nabamhlophe bamehlo abonakalisa uphawu lwe-jaundice.
Akuwona wonke umntwana onokungahambisani ne-ABO oyokwakha i-jaundice, hhayi zonke izingane ezine-jaundice zizodinga ukwelashwa okukhulu. Kuzoxhomeka ukuthi ingakanani i-bilirubin eqoqa egazini lomntwana.
Ezinye izinsana ezine-jaundice ezincane zizothola ngcono ngokwabo ngokudla ngokudla kaningi. Ukunyuka okwesikhashana kokunakekelwa kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwamathumba, okuyinto i-bilirubin engaphezu kweqile ephuma emzimbeni. Amama omncelisayo angase adinge ukondla ukudla komntanakho ngefomula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa uma uhlengikazi wedwa engenzi ukukhohlisa.
Ezinganeni ezinesifo sofuba esibi kakhulu, ukuphathwa kwe-phototherapy, noma ukulashwa okulula, kuyasebenza. Isikhumba somntwana sibhekiswe emazadini akhanya aguqula i-bilirubin ibe yinto engadlula ohlelweni lomntwana. Ingane izobe ibekwe phansi ngaphansi kokukhanya egqoke i-diaper kanye nama-eye patches amahle.
Esikhundleni salokho, noma ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhuka ingane nge-jaundice kungaphathwa nge-biliblanket esebenzisa i-fiber optics ukuze iphule i- bilirubin .
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingane ene-HDN izodinga ukuphathwa ngehlobo lokumpompela igazi elibizwa ngokuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi. Yilapho ingxenye yengane yegazi ishintshwe ngohlobo O igazi. Futhi ingane enomdlavuza obunzima ngenxa ye-HDN ingadinga ukudluliselwa okwejwayelekile kwendabuko lapho inikezwa ngegazi elingeziwe ukufaka esikhundleni segazi elahlekile.
> Imithombo:
> Izifo ze-Avery zeNsana . 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2012.
> I-Dean L. Amaqembu Egazi ne-Red Blood Cell Antigens , "Isifo Sama-Hemolytic of the Newborn," Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Biotechnology Information, ngo-2005.