Umthetho Wonke Wabafundi Abaphumelelayo

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Kuthiwani Nge-ESSA Ehlukile Kokungekho Ingane Ekhohlo?

Sonke siyazi ukuthi i-No Child Left ya-2001 ayikho indaba enkulu yezindaba zesikole cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Akukho Mntwana Ongakwesokunxele Okwamanje usetshenziswe yi-2015 Yonke Imithetho Yomfundi Yomfundi (ESSA.) Hlola ama-slides alandelayo ukuze ubone ukuthi i-ESSA isingatha kanjani izinkinga zemfundo ezishisayo njenge-Core Common kanye nezivivinyo eziqinisekisiwe ) nezindlela ezintsha zokuvala ukufezwa igebe phakathi kwabafundi besikole sase-US.

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Yini i-ESSA Ekhuluma Ngokwevivinyo Oluqinisekisiwe

Ukwanda kwenani lezivivinyo ezilinganiselwe ezibangelwa yi-No Child Left Behind wadala ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kokuhlolwa kokuvela kubazali nabafundisi. Abagxeki bathi kukhona ukuhlolwa okuningi, futhi ubukhulu obulinganayo obulodwa-buhlobo bonke bokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe abukwazanga ukuqhathanisa ngokunembile amaqembu ahlukahlukene asebafundi base-US. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abezombusazwe kanye namaqembu okuxhasa ukuxhaswa kwemali aqhubeka nokucindezela ukuzama ukuhlola ukuthi izikole kanye nothisha beziqhuba kanjani kahle.

I-ESSA idinga ukuhlolwa kwezemfundo kumabanga 3 kuya ku-8, futhi okungenani kanye esikoleni esiphakeme. Idatha nezibalo zokuhlolwa kumele zihlanganiswe esikoleni ngasinye namaqembu ahlukene ezikoleni ezibhekwa njengengozi ephakeme.

I-ESSA iyancipha ekuhlolweni ngezindlela ezithile. Okungenani izifunda eziyisikhombisa zizovunyelwa ukuba zihlole ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe okwakhiwe endaweni kanye nokhethiwe. I-Oregon ihlola iphothifoliyo yomsebenzi ukuze ishintshe izidingo zokuhlola esikoleni esiphakeme. Izizwe zingase zithathe indawo ye-ACT noma i-SAT yezivivinyo eziphakeme ezikoleni eziphakeme.

Amazwe azothatha imithwalo yemfanelo xaxa ekuhloleni ukuthi ngabe isikole siphumelele noma asiphumelele yini, ngakho-ke uthi uzokwazi ukufaka ezinye izinyathelo zokuphumelela komfundi ngaphezu kwemininingwane yokuhlola ejwayelekile.

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Amazinga wombuso ojwayelekile ojwayelekile ngaphansi kwe-ESSA

Amazinga wombuso womphakathi ojwayelekile (CCSS) angomunye walabo abakhuluma kakhulu mayelana nezinguquko emfundweni yomphakathi yase-US. Izikole zomphakathi zase-US zaqala ngokulawula okuphelele kwendawo, okuholela ohlelweni olusezingeni eliphansi nolungavumelekile. I-push evela kubombusi wezwe ukudala ukuthi kuvunyelwene ngeqoqo lamazinga aphezulu asetshenziswa yizo zonke izifundazwe eziqeda ukuphikisana okukhulu, ezisekelwe ukwesaba kwekharityhulam kazwelonke nokulahlekelwa kokulawulwa kwendawo ekufundeni.

Lokhu kwahlanganiswa lapho izinsizakalo eziningana zezemfundo zikahulumeni zifuna ukuthi lezi zizwe zibonise ubufakazi bokutholwa konke noma ingxenye ye-CCSS. Noma kunjalo, uMnyango Wezemfundo wase-United States uvame ukufakazela ukuthi amazwe kumele athathe izindinganiso eziyinselele, njenge-CCSS, noma okunye okunzima njengenselele ukuze bathole izimali zikahulumeni. I-ESSA manje iveza ngokucacile indima yeFed emazingeni. Isenzo sihlanganisa ulimi olukhuluma ukuthi kufanele lamukele amazinga anselele, njenge-CCSS noma iqoqo elilinganiselwe lamazinga - kodwa i-ESSA ineza isisindo kulokhu ngokuvimbela uhulumeni wesifundazwe ekudinga noma ekukhuthazeni amazwe ukuba akhethe noma yiliphi elinye lamazinga, ngisho CCSS.

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Izinguquko Ezikoleni Ezihlulekayo, kusuka ekuchazeni kuya ku-Fixing

Akukho Ndodana Engakwesobunxele isetshenzisiwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ukuthi isikole sihlulekile noma cha. Izikole ezihlukumezayo zibhekene nezidingo eziningana ezigunyaziwe zombuso ukuthuthukisa noma ukubhekana nezinyathelo zokujezisa.

I-ESSA inikezela isiqondiso kanye namathuluzi wokunquma ukuthi ngabe isikole sihluleka noma cha. Izizwe zikwazi ukukhetha imigomo yokuthuthukiswa njengezilinganiso zokuhlolwa eziphakeme , amazinga okuqeda iziqu, nokuvala izikhala ezifinyelelekile. Izizwe zizodinga ukuhlola izikole okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Izifundazwe nezifunda zizoqapha izikole ezingaphumeleli kanye nezinhlelo ezenzelwe ukuzithuthukisa.

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Ulimi lwesiNgisi, uLimi Lwesibili, nolimi lwamaMelika waseMelika

Okubaluleke kakhulu kunikezwa ku-ESSA ukuthola imali nokulinganisa impumelelo yokufundisa abafundi abalimi lwabo oluyinhloko olungesiNgisi. Imali kanye nezinhlahlandlela zezinhlelo zolimi lwesiNgisi ziye zashintsha isigaba sayo esihlokweni sesihloko 1, esinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuphendula.

Lona yindawo eyodwa lapho i-ESSA ibonakala ithatha umthwalo wemfanelo nokulawula okungaphezulu, hhayi ukudlulisela ezifundeni nasezifundazweni.

Ikakhulukazi, i- ESSA ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-Universal Design Learning (UDL) ekuthuthukiseni izivivinyo. U-UDL ufundisa amasu aveza izinto ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze afinyelele bonke abafundi . Ngenkathi amasu e-UDL asebenzela bonke abafundi, aklanyelwe ukufinyelela abafundi abahlangabezana nokukhubazeka nokufunda okuhlukile, kuhlanganise nabafundi be-English.

Isifundo se-UDL singase sihlanganise isethulo sevidiyo, ukufundwa kwezincwadi, kanye nomsebenzi wokufanisa ikhompyutha ukufundisa izinto. Izinhlobonhlobo zefomethi zenza bonke abafundi baqonde futhi basebenzise ukwaziswa. I-ESSA ithi amadola asezimboni angasetshenziselwa ukuthenga ubuchwepheshe bezinhlelo ze-UDL.

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Ukugcizelela okusha ku-Pre-K

Akekho ingane engakwesokunxele engazange ikhulume kakhulu ngezinhlelo zangaphambi kwe-K. I-ESSA idala iSibonelelo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwesikoleni Sokuqala esenzelwe ukwandisa ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amahlelo ezinkulisa zasenkulisa. Lesi sibonelelo sizoqhutshwa nguMnyango WezeMpilo kanye NezeNhlalakahle ngesikhathi sisebenzisana kakhulu nezinhlelo zoMnyango wezeMfundo.

Abazali bangalindela ukubona ukwandiswa kweNhloko Yokuqala noma izinhlelo ezifanayo ze-pre-K ezihloswe ukusiza ukulungiselela izingane enkulisa. Lezi zinhlelo zihlose izingane ezivela emakhaya aphansi okuthola imali noma amanye amaqembu asengozini yokuwa ngemuva.

Ukwandiswa kwezinhlelo eziphezulu ze- pre-K nakho kungakhuphula umncintiswano phakathi kwe-Pri-K yangasese. I-ESSA ikhuthaza ukukhokhela inkokhelo yabafundisi be-pre-K efana neyothisha bebanga le-K-3 futhi ifuna ukuqasha othisha abaningi be-pre-K abanemfundo eqinile. Ngokukhulisa uhlelo lwezinhlelo zomphakathi, izinhlelo ezizimele zinganquma ukuncintisana ngokuthuthukisa inkokhelo nokuba nemigomo ephakeme yabafundisi be-pre-K.

Uma unomntwana ofaneleka uhlelo lomphakathi, i-ESSA kufanele yenza kube lula kuwe ukuthola nokufinyelela lezi zinhlelo eziphezulu. Uma uhlela ukubhalisa ingane yakho ohlelweni lwangasese, olungelona lomphakathi, uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlelo lwenza umzamo wokulungiselela izingane esikoleni.

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Izilinganiso Zothisha Neziqu

Ayikho ingane engakwesokunxele eyahluleka indlela yokuhlola imisebenzi yomfundisi ukufaka ubufakazi obuningi bokuphumelela komfundi. Lokhu kwaholela ekuhloleni komfundisi ngisho nokukhokha kwabo kuxhunywe ezikoleni zokuhlolwa zabafundi. Izinyunyana zothisha zilwe kanzima ngokumelene nalokhu okukhathazayo ukuthi izikolo zokuhlolwa zingathonywa yizinto eziningi ezivela ekulawuleni uthisha. I-ESSA ithatha okuningi ukuxoshwa kukahulumeni ngezikole zokuhlola okufanele zisetshenziswe ekuhloleni kootitshala.

Okunye ukukhathazeka kwakuyindlela encane lapho iNdodana Engakwesokunxele isinqunyelwe khona isimo sokuthi "Ufanelekile" uthisha. Umnqopho weemfuneko eziPhezulu ezifanelekile bekuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi othisha ezikoleni ezidingekile babe nesizinda esinamandla semfundo. Ngaphansi kwe-ESSA, othisha kulezi zikole kumele bahlangabezane "nazo zonke iziqinisekiso zesifundazwe nezidingo zokulayisense."

Lokhu okunye kubuyela ekulawuleni kwezinga lombuso phezu kokulawula kwesifundazwe. Izizwe zinganquma ukugcina uhlobo olufanayo lokuhlola noma ukwamukela olunye uhlaka. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuthuthukiseni inqubomgomo yendawo yokuhlolwa koothisha. Abazali bazofuna ukuqaphela izindlela lapho ukuhlolwa kuzothinta ikhwalithi yesikole. Izindlela abafundisi abazohlolwa ngazo zingathinta indlela abafundisa ngayo kanye namanani okubuyisela othisha. Abazali namalungu omphakathi bazofuna ukubukela le nkinga yenqubomgomo.

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Isifinyezo kanye nezihloko

I-ESSA ne-No Child Left yaba yizibuyekezo ezinkulu kuMthetho wezeMfundo we-Elementary and Secondary - ngo-1965 - umthetho wezemithetho ohloswe ukunikeza zonke izingane zase-US imfundo ephakeme, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yinzuzo yomndeni, ubuhlanga noma isizinda. Akukho Mntwana Ongakwesobunxele owadala ukulawula okukhulu kwesifundazwe ngezinyathelo ezicaciswe ukuthi yikuphi ukulingana kwesikole okufanele kubonakale. I-ESSA ibonakala ithatha isinyathelo emuva futhi ivumela izifundazwe nezifunda zincume ukuthi zinganikeza ingane ngayinye imfundo yomphakathi eqinile.

Umzali uzofuna ukungahambisani nenqubomgomo yemfundo kanye nemithetho ezifundeni zabo zombuso nezendawo. Kanye no-ESSA, ukuphathwa kweTrump uye kwafakazela nesifiso sokubuyela ekulawuleni okungaphezulu kwendawo. Izikole zomphakathi ezilawulwa zendawo ziyingxenye eqinile yomlando wesizwe sethu. Impumelelo yabo ihlale ixhomeke ekubandakanyekeni komphakathi. Isiqondiso nokubandakanyeka kwabazali nomphakathi wendawo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izikole zendawo zihlangabezana nezidingo zezingane nomphakathi.

> "I-ESSA Iyakhipha" Izimfuneko ze-HQT "- Ngokushesha!" I-ESSA isusa "Izimfuneko ze-HQT" - Ngokushesha! Oregon Education Association, 23 Meyi 2016. Iwebhu. 27 Feb. 2017.

> Ama-Samuels, u-Christina A. "I-ESSA Spotlights Strategy yokufinyelela Abafundi abahlukahlukene." Iviki leMfundo . Np, 31 Okthoba 2016. Iwebhu. 27 Feb. 2017.

> UMnyango Wezemfundo wase-US, iHhovisi le-Elementary and Secondary, Isiqondiso Esingaqondisi Sokuqala Ukufunda Kulo Mthetho Wonke Wabafundi Abaphumelelayo : Ukwandisa Amathuba Okusekela Abafundi Abancane kakhulu , Washington, DC, 2016.