Iminyaka embalwa nje edlule, i-virus yeZika yenza izinhloko emhlabeni jikelele. I-Zika iyisongo kubesifazane abakhulelwe nezinsana ezindaweni eziningi ezisezinambuzane kuwo wonke umhlaba. Isilinganiso sokuthi zingaki izingane ezithintekile Zika kunzima ukuzinquma, njengoba kungakaze kuboniswe ngamaphesenti angu-100 ukuthi iZika ibangela izinkinga ezifana ne-microcephaly.
Kodwa-ke, i-World Health Organization ithi "iyamukelwa kabanzi" ukuthi lezi zimo ezimbili zixhunyanisiwe, futhi ezimweni eziningi zezinsana eziye zaba ne-microcephaly, igciwane liqinisekisiwe, lihola odokotela ukuthi baqhubekisele phambili ukuxhumanisa igciwane nale nkinga.
EBrazil, enye yezindawo eziye zabona inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamacala eZika, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yabika ukuthi isilinganiso samacala angu-164 we-microcephaly abikwa minyaka yonke phakathi kuka-2001 no-2014. Amacala angase aboniswe ukuthi abangelwa yiZika, izinombolo zikhomba isixhumanisi esiqondile. Futhi yile ndawo eyodwa kuphela enegciwane leZika. I-WHO iphinde ithole ukuthi emazweni angama-33 aphethwe yigciwane.
Nakuba i-Zika ibonakala ihambe kancane, njengoba i-Centers for Disease Control ine-zero ibike amacala wegciwane kuze kube manje ngo-2018, lokho akushintshi iqiniso lokuthi igciwane selivele lithinte imindeni eminingi emhlabeni jikelele.
Futhi manje, njengoba lezo zinsana ezithinteka kuqala igciwane leZika zikhula, kwenzekani kubo? I-Zika ithinta kanjani izingane ezincane?
Iyini i-Virus Zika?
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, uZika waqala ukutholakala ngasekuqaleni kuka-1947. Watholwa eZika Forest, ngakho igama elithi "i-Zika virus". Kuye kwaba nokuqubuka okuhlukile kwegciwane kubantu kusukela ekutholeni kokuqala.
Ukufika kokunethezeka kokuhamba komhlaba jikelele, ngokuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi iZika lingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana kocansi nangomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunomthelela ekugqibeleni okwakamuva, okwaqala ngo-2015.
I-virus yeZika injengezinye eziningi amagciwane, ngoba akubanga imbangela enkulu kuwo wonke umuntu oyedwa osuselwe igciwane. Isibonelo, kubantu abadala abanempilo enhle, uZika uncane kakhulu; kungase kubangele umkhuhlane omncane noma ukuqhuma, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, awukwenzi nengozi enkulu. Nokho, kwabanye abantu, igciwane lingaba yingozi kakhulu. Kulaba besifazane abakhulelwe, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingabangela ukutheleleka okubangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, okufaka phakathi i-microcephaly, kanye nezinye izifo zokuzalwa noma ukukhulelwa kwesisu nokubeletha. I-Zika nayo ixhunywe ne-Guillain-Barre syndrome, echaphazela isimiso sezinzwa.
Indlela iZika ethinta ngayo izingane
Ucwaningo luka-Disemba 2017 oluvela kwi-CDC luchaza ukuthi isizukulwane sokuqala sezingane ezalwa ne-Zika virus manje siphenduka kabili, singena eminyakeni yobudala. Odokotela balandela ukuthuthukiswa kwabo eduze ukuze bafunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iZika ingathinta kanjani izingane njengoba zikhula. Ucwaningo lubheka ngokuyinhloko ezincane ezisuka eBrazil ezazitheleleke yiZika, njengoba iBrazil ingenye yezwe elinzima kunawo wonke elibhekene negciwane kanye nezinkinga zalo.
Esifundweni esedlule, odokotela base behlolile izingane ezincane ezingu-19 eziye zabhekana nezinkinga ezincane kakhulu kusukela ekuzalweni kwazo zonke izinkinga eziboniswa kamuva ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo. Izinsana zihlolwe phakathi kweminyaka engu-19 no-24 kanti zonke izingane zinezinkinga ezinjengokuhlukunyezwa kwe-seizure, izinkinga zokubona nokuzwa, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, nokulimala okukhulu kwezimoto. Lolu cwaningo lwaphawula ukuthi zonke izingane zine "ukulinganiselwa okunzima okusebenzayo" futhi ngaleyo ndlela zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kumzali, umnakekeli, noma isikhungo.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe olubheka imiphumela yeZika lwenziwa okwakuthiwa yiZika Imiphumela kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezingane Nezingane (ZODIAC) uphenyo.
Ucwaningo lweZODIAC lwembula ukuthi lokho okutholakele kwakungaguquguquki kwezinye izingane ezaziphethe uZika; ezinye izinsana zibonisa izimpawu ezifanayo zokuba zincane iminyaka yabo, izinkinga ezinjengezinhlekelele, ukuvakashelwa kaningana esibhedlela, ubunzima bokulala, nokudla okukhubazeka ngenxa yezimpikiswano zokugwinya. Iningi lezingane ezisencane nazo zinezinkinga zokuzwa nezombono, futhi akekho noyedwa wezingane ezisedlulisa ukuhlolwa okwenzelwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Ngokubanzi, lolu cwaningo luthi odokotela manje bayazi ukuthi kuneziphi izinkinga iZika ezingabangela ezinganeni futhi lokhu kungasiza ekuqondiseni ikusasa.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Nakuba imiphumela yocwaningo lwezingane ezisencane ngeZika kungenzeka ingabonakali ukuthola okuthembisayo, kubalulekile ukucwaninga odokotela ukwazi kahle ukuthi igciwane lingathinta kanjani izingane ezithintekile. Okutholakele kungasiza futhi odokotela ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuqala, ukungenelela, nokusekela kungasiza ezinganeni ezizayo ezingase zibe nezinkinga ezivela kuZika.
Imithombo
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. (2017, Agasti 28). Sibutsetelo: I-virus ye-Zika. Ibuyiselwe kusuka: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/overview.html
I-Satterfield-Nash A, Kotzky K, Allen J, et al. Impilo Nokuthuthukiswa Ngenkathi 19-24 Izinyanga Ezingama-19 Izingane Ezizalelwa Ngama-Microcephaly and Laboratory Ukufakazela Ngokwe-Virus Infection Zika Ngo-2015 Ngonyaka ka-2015 we-Zika Virus Outbreak - eBrazil, ngo-2017. I-MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66: 1347-1351. I-DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6649a2.
I-World Health Organization. (2016, Feb 5). Umbiko we-Zika Status. Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku- http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204348/1/zikasitrep_5Feb2016_eng.pdf?