Gwema lawa ma Agents ngenhlekelele engezansi yokuHlala komzimba kanye nokukhulelwa okunempilo
I-teratogen i-agent ephazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengane lapho umama evezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-teratogens eyaziwayo ihlanganisa amakhemikhali anobuthi, imisebe, amagciwane, utshwala, ukubhema, izidakamizwa ezithile zemithi kanye nezinye izithunywa.
Yini iTatatogen?
I-teratogen yinoma iyiphi i-agent edala ukungajwayelekile uma umntwana okhulayo evezwa kuso ngesikhathi ukhulelwe umama.
Lezi "ukuchayeka kwemvelo" kungabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa nezinye izinkinga. Ama-teratogen angaba nemiphumela ephuma emnene kuya enzima, futhi ngokuvamile ayingozi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala kanye nokuvezwa ngokweqile noma okude isikhathi eside. Kunezici eziningana ezithonya ubukhulu bomphumela:
- uhlobo lwe-ejenti - uyini i-agent futhi yenzani kumntwana okhulayo ?
- umthamo - ingakanani ye-agent eyayiyi-fetus evezwe kuyo?
- isikhathi sokuchayeka - isikhathi eside kangakanani ingane yayidluliselwe ku-agent?
- isikhathi sokuchayeka - lapho ekukhulelwe kwakuyi-fetus evezwe ku-ejenti?
- izakhi zofuzo - enza izakhi zofuzo eziyingqayizivele zomama noma i-fetus zibavikela noma zenze zenzeke ngaphezulu kwe-agent?
Izinhlobo ze-Teratogens
Mhlawumbe lezi zihlahla ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu namuhla ziwukuphuza utshwala nokubhema. Ziphakathi kwezimbangela ezikhushulwa zokukhubazeka kokuzalwa nokukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa.
Amanye ama-teratogenic agents afaka:
- izidakamizwa - imithi kadokotela, ngaphezulu-to-counter, noma zokuzilibazisa
- ama-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus, i-varicella, i-herpes simplex, i-toxoplasma, i-syphilis, njll.
- ama-body agents - imisebe, i-hyperthermia, njll.
- Izifo zezempilo zomama - isifo sikashukela, i-PKU yomama, njll.
- amakhemikhali angokwemvelo - ama-mercury organic compounds, i-biphenyl ene-polychlorine noma i-PCB, ukhula lwamakhemikhali kanye nezixazululo zezimboni, njll.
Utshwala nokukhulelwa
Utshwala ngenye yezinto eziphathelene kakhulu nezidakamizwa. Iphuma masinyane egazini lakho egazini lomntwana wakho nge-placenta kanye nentambo yomlomo. I-fetus yakho inezinga elifanayo legazi lokuphuza utshwala okwenzayo uma uphuza, kodwa lingenalo ikhono elifanayo lokuphuza utshwala.
Ukuphuza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubangele ukuthi:
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu
- ukubeletha
- ukuzalwa kwangaphambi
Ukwehliswa kotshwala kotshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyimbangela enkulu kakhulu engezona izakhi zofuzo zokwehliswa kwengqondo e-US Futhi uma umntwana evezwa utshwala - ikakhulukazi noma okuningi isikhathi eside sokukhulelwa - kunengozi yokugula kwesifo sofuba (FASD) ) noma, okubi nakakhulu, i-fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). I-Fetal alcohol syndrome iboniswe ngephutha lokukhubazeka okuzalwa okufaka:
- ubuncane bekhanda nomzimba
- izici zobuso ezingavamile
- izinkinga zokufunda nokuziphatha
Ngenhlanhla, ulawula ngokugcwele ukungcola kwengane yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention icebisa ukuthi abesifazane abesilisa ocansini kufanele bayeke ukuphuza ngokuphelele uma beyeka ukusebenzisa ukulawula ukubeletha.
Ukubhema nokukhulelwa
Ukubhema kungenye i-teratogen enkulu. Uma ubhema ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, amakhemikhali (i-nicotine, i-carbon monoxide, i-tar, njll.) Idlulisela emzimbeni wakho wegazi okhulayo, lapho angakwazi khona ukunciphisa ingane engumfutho we-oksijini edinga ukuthuthukiswa okufanele.
Kunemiphumela eminingi eyingozi kakhulu yokubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu
- ukubeletha
- ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa
- ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
- ukuphuma kwegciwane
- ukuqala komsebenzi nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi
- i-placenta previa
- ukuzalwa okuphansi
- isifo sofuba sosana ngokungazelelwe (SIDS)
Kungcono ukuyeka ukubhema ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, kodwa ukuyeka noma nini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungasiza impilo yengane yakho kanye nempilo yokukhulelwa.
Ama-Misspellings ajwayelekile: i- tertogens
Imithombo:
Abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3 base-US basengozini yokukhulelwa kokudakwa. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Februwari 2, 2016.
Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. March we-Dimes. Disemba, 2015.
Utshwala lokukhulelwa kanye nokukhulelwa. MotherToBaby. Meyi 2014.
Utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. March we-Dimes. Julayi 2012.
Izidakamizwa / izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukuqonda Izakhi Zamafuzo: Isiqondiso SesiFunda sase-Columbia sabakhambi kanye nabaPhezulu bezeMpilo. I-Genetic Alliance; UMnyango WezeMpilo wase-Columbia. Februwari 17, 2010.