Pertussis Basics
Ukukhwehlela okunomzimba (pertussis) kuvame ukunganaki lapho izingane zikhwehlela, kokubili ngoba abazali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukutheleleka okuvimbela ukugoma akuyona inkinga yezingane. Ngisho nalapho bekwenza, bavele babheke izimpawu zokukhwehlela zakudala, ezifana nokukhwehlela noma ukufana okuphelela kumsindo we "whoop".
Ngeshwa, ukukhwehlela okukhiphayo kukhula, ngezinga elikhulayo lokutheleleka emazweni amaningi.
Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi izingane zifika ekufikeni ukuthi zikhwehlela, zivame ukufika ekutheleleni kwabo ukukhwehlela.
Ukukhohlela okubi
Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo yigama elivamile le-pertussis, ukutheleleka okugwenywe ngagciwane okungahambi ngesineke, ngisho nezingane eziningi zithola amanani amaningi omgogodla wokuzivikela kusuka e-pertussis njengengxenye yesimiso sokugoma izingane.
Kungani ukukhwehlela okukhipha isifo esinzima kangaka, kanti ezinye izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma, njenge-poliyo, isingqimba, ne-diphtheria, njll, zivame kakhulu e-United States?
Ngaphezu kokuncipha kwamazinga okugoma kwamanye amaqembu ezingane ngenxa yokukhathazeka komzali ngokuphepha kwegciwane nokusetshenziswa kweminye imishanguzo yokugoma, ukuvikelwa emgodini wokugoma we-pertussis kunciphisa isikhathi esiningi. Lokhu kwenza intsha eningi kanye nabantu abadala bahlukumezeke uma bengenayo intsha entsha ye-tetanus booster efaka umuthi wokugoma we-pertussis (i- Tdap - Tetanus, i-Diphtheria ne-acellular Pertussis).
Intsha engavunyelwe kanye nabantu abadala abathola i-pertussis bangakwazi ukutheleleka izingane kanye nezinsana nezinsana ezingakapheli uchungechunge oluyinhloko lwe-DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, ne-Acellular Pertussis), okushiya ukuthi zivikeleke kancane ngokumelene ne-pertussis.
Izimpawu zePertussis
Njengoba i-pertussis ne-pertussis iziqhumane zingavamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-pertussis uma kwenzeka ingane yakho igula.
Izimpawu zePertussis zivame ukuqala njengezimpawu ezibandayo ezivamile ezinsukwini ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-21 emva kokuba zivezwe komunye umuntu onama-pertussis, ngokuvamile umuntu omdala onomkhuhlane ongapheli. Lezi zimpawu zokuqala ze-pertussis ngokuvamile zihlala ngesonto noma ezimbili futhi zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane ophansi, impumu egijimayo, ukuxubana, ukuxula nokukhwehlela.
Ngokulandelayo, njengoba nje ulindele ukuthi izimpawu ezibandayo zezingane ziphuthumise, ingane ene-pertussis iqala ukuqhubeka ikhula kakhulu futhi iveza izimpawu ezingadlulela amanye amaviki amathathu kuya kwangu-6, kufaka phakathi:
- ukukhwehlela noma ukuhambisana, okungase kuphele kumsindo we-classic 'whoop'
- ukuhlanza emva kokukhwehlela (ukukhishwa kwe-post-tussive emesis)
- i-cyanosis noma ama-blue spells ngemuva kokukhwehlela
- i-apnea noma iziqephu lapho ingane ishiya khona ukuphefumula ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuphefumula
Lezi zimpawu ze-pertussis ziyathuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezilandelayo.
Izingane ezine-pertussis ngokuvamile azikho ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu, njenge:
- Fever
- Uhudo
- Ukuphuza isikhumba
- Ukushisa
- Ukuphefumula okusheshayo
Uma ingane yakho ikhwehlela futhi inezibonakaliso, khona-ke ingase ibe ne-RSV noma enye ukutheleleka, futhi kungenzeka ingabi ne-pertussis, ikakhulukazi uma igonywe ngokugcwele futhi ingakaze ibonakale kunoma ubani onama-pertussis.
Yini Okufanele Uyikhumbule
Abazali kufanele babone izingane zabo uma becabanga ukuthi ingane yabo ingase ihlakulele izimpawu ze-pertussis noma ifune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma ingane yakho encane inezimpawu ezinzima, ezifana ne-apnea noma ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside.
Ezinye izinto okufanele zikhumbule mayelana nezimpawu ze-pertussis ne-pertussis zifaka ukuthi:
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-pertussis ngezinye izikhathi kungakhanjelwa, njengoba ukukhwehlela kwengane kubhekene nezifo ezivamile, njenge-RSV noma i-pneumonia. Qiniseka ukuthi utshele udokotela wezingane uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ivezwe kumuntu onama-pertussis, noma ubani onomkhuhlane ongapheli, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe ne-pertussis.
- Isiko se-bacterium noma i-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) singasisiza ukuxilonga i-pertussis, nakuba izingane eziningi ziqala ukutholakala ukuthi zisekelwe kuphela ezimpawu abanayo.
- Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni ngama-antibiotics kungasiza ukwenza ingane yakho ingeneli kangako kwabanye kodwa ingaboniswa ukuthi yenza umehluko omkhulu kunani noma ubude bezimpawu.
- Abantu abadala abane-pertussis ngokuvamile banomkhuhlane ongapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi abanalo nezinye izimpawu ezihlobene ne-pertussis ezinganeni
- Ikomidi Elilulekayo Lokuzivocavoca (ACIP) lincoma ukuthi abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-19 no-64 bathole umthamo owodwa wokugoma kaTdap uma bengakaze bawenze ngaphambili.
- Abantu abadala abazoxhumana nabantwana abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala, kuhlanganise nabazali, ugogo nomkhulu (ngisho noma baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala), abahlinzeki bokunakekela izingane, nabasebenzi bezempilo, kufanele bathole ukugonywa kwe-Tdap uma bengenalo okwamanje , noma ngabe sekuyiminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10 kusukela ekugcineni kwe-tetanus booster.
Imithombo:
I-CDC. Ukuvimbela iTetanus, i-Diphtheria, ne-Pertussis Phakathi Kwabantu Abadala: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Tetanus Toxoid, Ukunciphisa I-Diphtheria Toxoid ne-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine. I-MMWR. Disemba 15, 2006/55 (RR17): 1-33.
UGregory DS. I-Pertussis: Isifo esithinta yonke iminyaka. Am Fam Physician - 1-AUG-2006; 74 (3): 420-6
I-Kliegman: UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed.
Okude: Izimiso Nezenzo Zezifo Eziphefumulayo Zengane, 3rd ed.
I-CDC. I-Schedule Yokugonywa Ngabantu Abadala Ephakanyisiwe --- E-United States, 2011. I-MMWR. Februwari 4, 2011/60 (04); 1-4.