10 Izihloko Eziphambili Ezinhlelo Zesikole Elementary
Isayensi, izibalo, ubuciko beelwimi , kanye nezifundo zomphakathi yizigaba eziyinhloko zabafundi besikole samabanga aphansi . Kulezi zihloko ezine, izifundo zomphakathi cishe aziqondakali kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bafakazela ukuthi kusho i-geography nomlando, kodwa empeleni kuningi kakhulu kunalokho.
Ngo-2010, uMkhandlu kaZwelonke we-Social Studies, umhlangano waseMadrid osekelwe e-1921, wakhipha uhlaka olusha olwenziwe lokufundisa oluqinisa izihloko ezingu-10 ezibandakanya uhlelo lokuqhuba izifundo zomphakathi:
Amasiko
Ukutadisha isiko kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwezinkolelo, izindinganiso, ukuziphatha, kanye nezilimi zamaqembu ahlukene, kokubili okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule kanye nomlando. Abafundi ngeke baqhathanise amaqembu kuphela ngokweqile kodwa bahlole ukuthi bajwayela kanjani futhi bahambisane nezinkolelo zabo. Lesi sihloko sohlelo lwezenhlalakahle sihlanganisa umlando, i-anthropology, i-geography, kanye nezenhlalo.
Isikhathi, Ukuqhubeka, Nokuguquka
Ukutadisha isikhathi, ukuqhubeka, nokuguquka kuhilela ukuhlola ukuthi izenzakalo ezithile zishintsha kanjani isipiliyoni somuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abafundi bazohlola ukuthi umlando usungule kanjani isimo sezenhlalakahle, sezomnotho nezombusazwe ngenkathi ethize nokuthi lezi zinguquko zenze kanjani isimo samanje.
Abantu, Indawo, Nendawo
Ukutadisha abantu, indawo, kanye nemvelo kuhilela ukuhlolisisa ukuthi isimo sezulu sezulu, i-geography, kanye nemithombo yomthombo wemithombo yemvelo. Ibukeka ukuthi lezi zindlela ezihleliwe noma ezishintshayo zithinta kanjani konke kusuka ekuthumeni nemithetho kuya ezomnotho kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuhweba.
Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye kanye noLwazi
Ukutadisha ukuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye kanye nobunikazi bakhe buhlola indlela uqobo lwayo olubunjwa ngayo nemigomo yezenhlalakahle lapho umuntu evezwa khona. Ihlanganisa i-psychology, i-sociology, ne-anthropology futhi ibheka izindlela ezehlukene abantu ababhekana nazo kulawo mathonya.
Abantu, Amaqembu, kanye nezikhungo
Ukutadisha abantu ngabanye, amaqembu, kanye nezikhungo zihlola ukuthi izikhungo zenhlalo, zenkolo, nezombusazwe zakha kanjani izinhlelo zokukholelwa zamalungu awo. Ihlola ngokucacile ukuthi lezo zikhungo zingathonywa kanjani nezinguquko ezingqondweni zabantu, ezokuxhumana, nasezenzweni.
Amandla, Igunya, nokuPhatha
Ukutadisha amandla, igunya, nokubusa kubhekisela endleleni uhulumeni ahumusha ngayo futhi agcizelele imithetho. Ihlola zonke izici zokufaneleka komphakathi kanye nendlela amalungelo esakhamuzi sakhona angavikeleka noma aphethwe ngayo.
Ukukhiqizwa, Ukusabalalisa, nokusetshenziswa
Ukutadisha ukukhiqizwa, ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kuhilela ukuhlola indlela izinhlelo zezohwebo nezokushintshanisa ezithinta ngayo ukubaluleka nokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla. Liphinde ikhombise ukuthi izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zingathinta kanjani inqubomgomo yezomnotho noma zivuselele utshalomali kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemisha.
Isayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Nenhlangano
Ucwaningo lwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi uhlola ukuthi ukuphumelela kwesayensi noma kwezobuchwepheshe kuguqula kanjani ukuziphatha nokuziphatha kwesimo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubonisa ukuthi ukukhushulwa kwembulunga yonke kuye kwathinta kanjani (futhi kuyaqhubeka kuthinta) ezombusazwe, isiko, ulimi, umthetho, ezokwezimali, ngisho nenkolo.
Ukuxhumana Kwamazwe Omhlaba
Ukutadisha ukuxhumeka komhlaba kuhlola indlela ulwazi olwenziwe ngayo emphakathini phakathi kwezizukulwane. Akugcini nje ukuhlola indlela ukufinyelela okukhudlwana kolwazi kuvuselela ngayo imigomo yezenhlalakahle nezombusazwe kodwa ukuthi ingayishintsha kanjani indlela abantu abayidla ngayo, abayihlanza, noma baphambukise ulwazi.
Izifiso Nezici Zomphakathi
Ukutadisha imigomo kanye nemikhuba yabantu kuhlola indlela uhulumeni angabangela ngayo noma ukuvimbela ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu bayo emphakathini womphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo ekuvotweni nokwamukela inkulumo yamahhala njengengxenye yenkululeko yentando yeningi.
> Umthombo:
> Umkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezezifundo Zomphakathi. (2011) Amazinga kaZwelonke weKharikhyulamu yezifundo zezenhlalakahle: I-Framework for Teaching, Learning and Assessment. Silver Spring, Maryland: UMkhandlu kaZwelonke wezeMpilo. I-ISBN-13: 978-0879861056.