Abantu abahlangabezana nokukhubazeka okungenamazwi (NVLD) bazama ukulwa namakhono omphakathi nezomphakathi. Ukuma okubalulekile kubantu abahlangabezana ne-NVLD ukuthi okungenani banamakhono afanele okukhuluma , njengokukhuluma nokukwazi ukukhetha ukufundwa.
Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abahlangabezana ne-NVLD bangase babe nobunzima ezindaweni eziningana ezingahlobene nokukwazi ukukhuluma.
Ucwaningo oluvela Columbia University lukhomba ukuthi i-NVLD ihlukile kwezinye izifo ngoba i-NVLD isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo-ukuthi ubuchopho buhlela kanjani ubukhulu, ukuma, nendawo yezinto.
Khumbula ukuthi kuyinkinga yokucubungula indawo okubeka eceleni i-NVLD. Ngenkathi igama lokukhubazeka lokufunda okungenamazwi lingenza umuntu ofunda nje kuphela ngesifo ukuba acabange izikhungo zengculaza ezungeze ukungabi namakhono okukhuluma ngomlomo, empeleni kusekelwe ekubeni namakhono avamile okukhuluma ngamazwi okwamanje ahlangabezana nokucubungulwa kwendawo.
Ukuchaza ukukhubazeka okungafundile kokufunda
Nakuba i-NVLD yokuqala ibonakale emibhalweni yocwaningo ngawo-1960, abacwaningi basasebenza ekuthuthukiseni isethi sezimpawu kanye nezincazelo zeNVLD. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-NVLD intsha noma ivela ngokuzumayo, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi abacwaningi nabanye ochwepheshe abasebenza nabantu abanokukhubazeka ekufundeni basacwaninga futhi babukeza lokho okuyaziwa nge-NVLD, ngenhloso yokuchaza okwenza ukuthi le disorder iyingqayizivele kusuka kwezinye izinkinga, futhi kubonakala kulabo abangenza ukuhlolwa.
Esinye isizathu abacwaningi abakwenzayo ekuchazeni okufanayo kanye nezindlela ze-NVLD ukuthi kungaba isinyathelo esiyinhloko ekubhekaneni nesifo esibekwe ohlwini lweNcwadi yokuHlola kanye neSitatimende seMental Disorders (DSM). Uma usubhalisiwe, abantu abahlangabezana ne-NVLD babeyoba nokufinyelela okuningi ukusekela nokusiza lesi sifo kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ezifana nabahlengikazi bezisebenzi noma ezempilo.
Abazali bezingane abane-NVLD bangase bakuthole kulula ukuthola izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zezidingo esikoleni.
Kubonakala sengathi i-NVLD manje isondelene kakhulu nokuthola leyo ncazelo eyamukelekile. Ngo-May ka-2017, abacwaningi abaningana bahlangana ndawonye futhi badala incazelo ehlongozwayo yokwengeza i-NVLD ku-DSM.
Okulandelayo luhlu lwezimfanelo ze-NVLD nezici ezenziwe kusukela ocwaningweni lwamanje kanye nencazelo ehlongozwayo ye-DSM exhaswe ngumcwaningi oholayo uPrudence Fisher, PhD, wase-Columbia University.
Izimpawu Eziyinhloko ze-NVLD
- Abantu abane-NVLD banamakhono amazwi omlomo . Zinezimagama ezihloniphekile noma ezinhle kakhulu. Bangase bakwazi ukukhumbula ngezikhathi izinhlu zamagama, kodwa banenkinga yokuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini amagama. Bangase bakwazi ukufunda amagama endabeni, kodwa banenkinga yokukhomba incazelo ephelele kanye namaphuzu amakhulu.
- Kungenzeka babe nezinkinga eziningi endaweni yokucubungula indawo noma ebonakalayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubunzima ngesimo, ubukhulu noma indawo noma isiqondiso sezinto. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa amapuzzli noma ukugcwalisa amaphrojekthi wokwakha izandla.
- Kunenkinga yokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezikhona emvelweni maqondana nokuzibona kwazo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqwashisa okungokwenyama okungabonakali, okungahle kubonakale sengathi kunzima njengoba umuntu enenkinga yokuqondisa umzimba wakhe endaweni yakhe. Kungaphinda kuholele kulokho okubonakala kubangelwa ukuxhumana komphakathi okungafanele, njengokuma eduze noma kude kakhulu nomunye umuntu.
- Kunzima ukulandela izinkombandlela zendawo, nokukhumbula ubuhlobo bendawo . Izinkinga ngokucubungula indawo kwenza kube nzima ukucubungula izinkombandlela lapho uhamba noma uthola ukuthi ziphi lapho zihlobene nemvelo yazo.
Ezinye Izimpawu Ezivamile Okungahle Zibone
- Izinkinga ezinzima zezimoto: Izingane ezine-NVLD zingase zibhekane nezinyathelo ezitholakala ngokuzenzekelayo, njengokubhala ngesandla , ngokusebenzisa izikhali, noma ukuhlanganisa izicathulo.
- Izinkinga ezisebenzayo eziphezulu : Abantu abahlangabezana ne-NVLD bangase babe nenkinga yokulondoloza ukugxila nokugxila, ngokulandela isethi eside yemiyalelo, ukuhlala emsebenzini, noma ukuhlela izinto zabo. Ucwaningo alucacile ngalesi sikhathi uma lezi zinkinga zivela ezinkingeni zokucubungula indawo, noma ziyizindaba ezihlukile ezivame ukuhambisana eceleni kwe-NVLD.
- Ukuqashelwa kwezenhlalakahle noma izinkinga zokukhulumisana ezibucayi: Izinkinga zokucubungula ukuma, ukuqondisa, nosayizi kwenza kube nzima ukubona izinguquko ezinamazinga omzimba wolimi lomzimba kanye nokunye okukhulumisana okungakhulumi.
- Izinkinga zokusebenza komphakathi: Abantu abane-NVLD bayakwazi ukuzwelana nabanye, kodwa ngokuvamile banenkinga yokuqonda amahlaya noma ukukhulumisana okuningi okungabonakali. Bavame ukuthatha konke ngokuqondile.
- Impi yokufunda : Izinkinga zokuqashelwa kwendawo zenza kube nzima ngalabo abaneNVLD ukubona amaphethini, tshela umehluko phakathi kwezinto okufanele zibalwe, noma ukubona ngeso lengqondo inani neziqondiso zezinkinga zezibalo. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhono omlomo ayenzi kahle, izinkinga zokufunda angeke zithuthuke kuze kufike amamaki ambalwa, lapho ukufunda ukuqonda kugcizelelwe kunokuba kuhlaziywe amagama. Ikhono elihle lomlomo lingagcina ingane ne-NVLD ukuthi ingabhekana nezinkinga zabo kuze kube sezingeni lesithathu noma kamuva.
- Izimpikiswano ezinokusebenza nokuzinakekela komuntu siqu: Izinkinga ngamakhono amakhono emoto zingenza kube nzima ukushintsha izingubo. Kungase futhi kuqede ukuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese.
Izinyathelo Zokuqala Uma Ucabanga Ingane Yakho Ingaba NVLD
Qala ngokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wezokwelapha wengane yakho. Nakuba i-NVLD ingatholakali ngokugcwele ngalesi sikhathi, kusadingeka ukuxoxisana nomhlinzeki wokunakekela ingane yakho. Ungakwazi ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi kungase kube nesisekelo sezokwelapha sezimpawu ozibonayo, kunokukhubazeka kokufunda. Ungaphinda ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho ukulawula izimo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, ezifana ne-autism spectrum disorders, i- dyscalculia , noma i-ADHD.
Abazali abaningi bathola izingane zabo nge-NVLD zidinga usizo oluthile lokufunda amakhono omphakathi. Lokhu kungandisa amathuba okuba nobungane futhi kukhulise ukuzethemba.
Izingane eziningi ezine-NVLD nazo zithola ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wezinkinga ezibangelwa ukuzama ukuhamba ngezwe labo nge-NVLD. Ukufunda izindlela zokunciphisa ukukhungatheka, ukuphumula, nokwamukela amakhono abo angasiza.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ngenkathi i-NVLD ingekho ukuxilongwa okuvame ukuvunyelwa, ungathola izindlela zokusiza ingane yakho ithuthukise futhi inqobe izindawo lapho zilwa khona. Ngokuqonda ingane yakho eyingqayizivele, uzokwazi ukusiza ukukhuthaza amandla abo futhi uwasekele ezindaweni eziyinselele. Qhubeka ukufunda nokukhuthaza ingane yakho. Funda futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-NVLD nokukhathazeka okufanayo ukuthola amasu ongawasebenzisa ekhaya nasesikoleni nengane yakho.
> Imithombo:
> "Ukutholakala okusha kwe-DSM?" I- Psychology Today , uSussex Publishers, 28 Aug. 2017, www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beyond-disability/201708/new-diagnosis-them.
> I-Mammarella, i-IC, ne-Cornoldi C. "Ukuhlaziywa kwezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izingane ezinokukhubazeka okungafundile (NLD)." I- Child Neuropsychology , vol. 20, cha. 3, 24 Meyi 2013, iphe. 255-280.
> "Ukukhubazeka okungafundiwe kokuFunda." Uhlelo lwe-NVLD - Ucwaningo lwemali kanye nemfundo - nvld.Org, I-NVLD Project, nvld.org/non-verbal-learning-disabilities/.
> Volden, J. "Ukukhubazeka kokufunda okungenalutho." I- Handbook ye-Neurology Clinical Neurology Izingane I-Part I , 2013, iphe. 245-249., Ini: 10.1016 / b978-0-444-52891-9.00026-9.