I-Preeclampsia iyinkinga yokukhulelwa ehilela ukucindezeleka kwegazi kanye nezinye izimpawu, ezifana namaprotheni emcimbini. Amanye amagama we-preeclampsia afaka i-toxemia, ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukukhulelwa (PIH), kanye ne-gestosis. I-preeclampsia ingenye yezinkinga ezine eziphakeme kakhulu zokukhulelwa futhi kungaba yingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana babo.
Uma une-high blood pressure ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuthola ukuthi i-preeclampsia iyimbangela.
Yini Ebangelwa Ukuqala Kwe-Preeclampsia?
Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangelwa i-preeclampsia. Ukwakhiwa nokufakelwa kwe-placenta kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima, kodwa lokhu akuyona njalo indaba. Kukhona abesifazane abaningi abanama-placentas abakha ngokujwayelekile abahlakulela lesi sifo, futhi kunabesifazane abaningi abane-placentas engakhiwe abaqhubeka bekhulelwe kahle.
Nakuba odokotela abazi ukuthi yini ebangelwa i-preeclampsia, bayazi ukuthi abesifazane abathile basengozini enkulu kunezinye. Izici zengozi zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhulelwa kokuqala
- Ukukhulelwa kwentsha
- Ukukhuluphala
- Isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu
- Isifo sikashukela
- I-Twin / ukukhulelwa okuningi
- Umlando wangaphambili we-preeclampsia
- Ubudala bomama obukhulile
- Ukukhulelwa kwamaqanda
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zici zengozi zikhulu, odokotela bahlola wonke owesifazane okhulelwe ngezibonakaliso ze-preeclampsia ngokulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi nokuhlola umchamo weprotheyini, ngokuvamile lapho kuqashwe ukubeletha.
I-preeclampsia ithinta kanjani abesifazane abakhulelwe?
I-preeclampsia yisifo esingabangela ukulimala okukhulu, ngisho nokufa, kokubili omama nabantwana. Ngisho ezimweni lapho preeclampsia ibonakala iyomnene, ingaba yingozi kakhulu ngokushesha. Uma une-preeclampsia, ngisho noma unesibonakaliso ezimbalwa, ubumnene, ukuvakashela udokotela wakho kaningi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala esibhekwa ngabantu abaningi senyuke umfutho wegazi. Umfutho wegazi uvame ukuwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala, ufike endaweni ephansi cishe amasonto angu-22-24, bese ukhula kancane kancane. Kulabo besifazane abane-preeclampsia, ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphakama okungaphezu kokuvamile phakathi nengxenye yokugcina yokukhulelwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-preeclampsia ithinta izinhlaka eziningi zomzimba emzimbeni, ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kungenye yezimpawu eziningi ezingase zibe khona. Ezinye izimpawu ze-preeclampsia zibandakanya amaprotheni akhule emcimbini nokuvuvukala okujwayelekile.
Kwamanye abesifazane, preeclampsia iba nzima kakhulu. Izimpawu ukuthi isimo siyanda kakhulu kufanele zibikwe kudokotela wakho ngokushesha futhi zifake:
- Ukukhishwa komchamo okunciphise
- Inkinga ngombono
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Izinwele
- Nausea / ukuhlanza
- Ukuzizwa
I-preeclampsia engasetshenzisiwe ingabangela ukuthi iholele ku-HELLP syndrome (i-multi-organ syndrome) noma i- eclampsia (i-disorder disease). Zombili izinkinga zithinta kakhulu futhi zingaholela ekufeni komama uma zingelashwa ngokushesha.
I-Preeclampsia Ithinta Kanjani Izingane?
I-preeclampsia ithinta izingane ngokuyinhloko ngokunciphisa inani legazi eligeleza nge-placenta. Ngenxa yokuthi i-placenta ingumthombo kuphela wokudla, lokhu kungabangela ukuba izingane zikhule kahle, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-intrauterine ukulinganiselwa kokukhula ( IUGR ).
Uma umntwana engakhuli kahle noma uma lesi sifo sibeka ukuphila komama engozini, odokotela banganquma ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuyindlela ephephile. Uma kunesikhathi futhi ingane izobe isheshe kakhulu, odokotela bangaphatha ama-steroids kumama ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwephunga lomntwana, noma i-magnesium sulfate ukuvimbela i-eclampsia kumama nokusiza ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Izingozi ezivela ekuhlinzekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi zixhomeke ukuthi zingamasonto amangaki ukubeletha ingane ekubelethweni. I-preeclampsia ivame ukwenzeka eduze kokuphela kokukhulelwa, lapho ingane isakhula kakhulu futhi iyoba nemiphumela emibi kuphela yokuqeda isimo.
Kwezinye izimo, ingane kufanele ihanjiswe kakhulu kakhulu futhi ingase ibe nezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo. Ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-23 kuya kwangu-24 ukubeletha, umntwana usemncane kakhulu ukuze aphile ngaphandle komama.
Ukuphathwa Kwe-preeclampsia Kuyini?
Uma ukhulelwe futhi ube nomfutho wegazi ophezulu obonakala sengathi uhlobene ne-preeclampsia, udokotela wakho mhlawumbe ufuna ukukubuka ngokucophelela. Kungadingeka ukuthi uhlele ama-aphoyintimenti amaningi odokotela abaningi njalo, futhi udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi uqoqe umchamo wakho amahora angu-12 noma angu-24 ukukala iphrotheni yayo yonke.
Uma unezibonakaliso ze-preeclampsia ezinzima noma ezibucayi, ungase udinga ukubonwa noma ukwelashwa endaweni yesibhedlela. Uzobe uhlolwe ngezibonakaliso ze-HELLP syndrome noma i-eclampsia, futhi impilo nempilo yengane yakho zizohlolwa.
Imithi yokwelashwa ye-preeclampsia ingakwazi ukulungisa kuphela izimpawu, hhayi izifo ngokwazo, futhi ihlanganise nemithi yokuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi kanye ne-magnesium sulfate ukuvimbela ukuqubuka. Udokotela wakho angase anikeze umuthi wegazi wegazi ukuze uthathe ekhaya, kepha i-magnesium sulfate kufanele inikezwe esibhedlela.
Nakuba imithi inganciphisa izimpawu, ngeke isuse lesi sifo. Imithi yokwelapha ye-preeclampsia kuphela ukuletha umntwana. Lapho ingane ne-placenta sezikhululwe, umama uzobuya. Ukubuyiswa akusiyo ngokushesha, futhi umama angadinga ukuthi abe esibhedlela izinsuku eziningana noma ngisho namasonto aze abuyele ngokugcwele.
Ngingakuvimbela Kanjani I-Preeclampsia?
Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela amacala angu-100% we-preeclampsia. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-calcium supplementation noma i-aspirin ephansi ephansi ingasiza abanye besifazane ezimweni ezithile, kodwa hhayi okwanele ukuba batusa kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ukuhola indlela yokuphila enempilo kungakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kanye nokudla okunengi emifino kanye nokudla okuncane okucutshungisiwe kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa izigameko zesifo sabesifazane abathile. Ukuzivocavoca nokudla okunempilo nakho kungasiza ekulawuleni ukukhuluphala, ukucindezeleka okungapheli, nesifo sikashukela, okuyizona zonke izici ezingozini ze-preeclampsia.
Imithombo:
I-World Health Organization. "Bani izincomo zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-pre-eclampsia ne-eclampsia." (2011)
Schroeder, B. "I-ACOG Practice Bulletin ekuboneni nasekuphatheni i-Preeclampsia ne-Eclampsia." I-American Family Physician July 15, 2002: 66, 330-334.
Lindheimer, M., Taler, S., uCunningham, G. "Isihloko se-ASH Isikhundla: I-Hypertension in pregnancy." Umagazini we-American Society of Hypertension 2008: 2, 484-494.
Steegers, E., von Dadelszen, P., Duvekot, J., Pijnenborg, R. "Pre-eclampisa." I-Lancet 2010: 376, 631-644.
I-Brantsæter, A., Haugen, M., Samuelsen, S., Meltzer, H. "Isibonelo Sokudla Esihambisana Nokudla Okumnandi Kwemifino, Izithelo Namafutha Okutshala Kuhlangene Nengozi Yokunciphisa I-Preeclampsia Kwamakhosikazi aseNorway aseNorliparous." Journal of Nutrition Jan 2009: 139, 1162-1168.