Isilinganiso sokufa komama, izimbangela, nokuvimbela

Amathuba Wokufa Ekukhulelweni Nokubeletha KwaseMelika naseMhlabeni

Uma uthola ingane yakho yokuqala, kuyajabulisa ukucabanga ngokubamba ingane yakho okokuqala kanye nazo zonke izikhathi ezinhle ozisebenzisayo ndawonye. Kodwa, kungase kusabe uma ungasazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Abaningi maduzane babe moms ukhathazekile ngokubeletha , anesthesia , kanye nezinkinga . Kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ngamathuba okufa.

Kodwa, uma uhlala ezweni elifana ne-United States, ungakwazi ukuphefumula.

Emazweni athuthukile, ukufa ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ngenxa yokukhulelwa kuyinto engavamile, ngisho noma ukukhulelwa kwakho kuyingozi kakhulu. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngezinga, izimbangela, nokuvimbela ukufa komama.

Kuyini Ukufa Kwabesifazane?

Uma owesifazane efa kunoma yini ehlobene nokukhulelwa , kubizwa ngokuthi ukufa komama noma ukufa komama. Ukufa komama kungenzeka ngenkathi owesifazane ekhulelwe, ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha, noma ezinsukwini ezingu-42 ngemuva kokubeletha noma ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa. Uma owesifazane edlula engozini noma impikiswano yezempilo engenayo lutho ngokukhulelwa, ngakho akubhekwa njengokufa okuhlobene nokukhulelwa.

Amathuba Wokufa Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa Nokubeletha E-United States

Emazweni anomnotho omuhle, ubuchwepheshe besimanje, nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, amathuba okufa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ekubelethweni, noma ezinsukwini nasemasontweni emva kokubeletha aphansi kakhulu.

Ezindaweni ezifana ne-United States, i-United Kingdom ne-Canada, abesifazane abaningi banokukhulelwa okuhle nokubeletha okunempilo. Yiqiniso, kusekhona ingozi encane yokufa komama, ngisho nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile.

Ngokusho kwamaCenter for Disease Control (CDC), abesifazane abangaba ngu-700 ngonyaka baphelelwa ukuphila kwabo ezinkingeni eziphathelene nokukhulelwa e-United States.

Izikhulu zezeMpilo zibika izinga lokushona kwababelethi njengabaningi abesifazane abafa ngazo zonke izingane eziyi-100,000 ezizalwa. Kukhona ukuzalwa kwezigidi ezine e-United States ngonyaka ngamunye, futhi eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba khona ukufa okungu-17 kuya kwangu-28 kubo bonke abantu abazalwa ngokuzalwa abayi-100,000. Ngakho-ke, e-US, amathuba okufa ngenxa yokukhulelwa kakhulu ngamaphesenti angu-0.00028 noma cishe ku-1 ku-3500.

Ukufa Kwabesilisa Emhlabeni Wonke

Amanye amazwe asethuthukile anamazinga afanayo afana nokufa komama uma kuqhathaniswa ne-United States. Kodwa-ke, akunjalo kuyo yonke indawo. Kuwo wonke umhlaba, abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-300 000 bafa unyaka ngamunye ezinkingeni ezivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Lapho abesifazane abangaba ngu-700 bafa minyaka yonke e-US, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ibika ukuthi abesifazane abangaba ngu-830 bafa ngosuku ngalunye emhlabeni jikelele. Abaningi balaba besifazane (amaphesenti angu-99) bahlala emazweni ampofu, athuthukayo. Kwezinye izindawo, izinkinga zokufa ngenxa yokukhulelwa ziphakeme kakhulu kunomuntu oyedwa ku-15. Futhi, iqiniso elidabukisayo yilezi eziningi zokufa ezivinjelwe.

Izinto Ezibangela Ukufa Kwabesifazane

Njengoba ubona, lapho uhlala khona kunethonya elikhulu empilweni yakho nenhlalakahle njengowesifazane okhulelwe. Ezinye izinto ezithonya izingozi ezihilelekile ekukhulelwe yizi:

1. Ubudala: Abesifazane abaneminyaka engamashumi amabili bavame ukuba nezinkinga ezimbalwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunabesifazane abancane noma abadala. Amantombazane amancane angaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 anethuba elikhulu lokubhekana nezinkinga ezingaholela ekufeni. Izingozi nazo zikhuphuka ngeminyaka yobudala ezikhukhulayo futhi zanda njengoba abesifazane bekhulelwe ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30, noma eminyakeni yabo-40 no-50.
2. Isimo sezenhlalakahle: Abesifazane abampofu eqenjini eliphansi lemiphakathi bangase babe nemfundo encane, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nezithiyo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Imfundo encane ibangela ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili noma okungahlelelwe. Ukuntuleka kokudla kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwezempilo kanye nomphumela wokukhulelwa ompofu. Futhi, ukungatholi ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi kungafaka abesifazane besengozini yokutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga ezingase ziphathwe futhi ziphathwe esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma ngomhlinzeki wezempilo onolwazi.

1. Ukungalingani ngokobulili: Kwamanye amazwe, amantombazane nabesifazane banethuba elincane lokuthola imfundo. Ngokuvamile bavinjelwa izinsiza zemali futhi abanakho amazwi emiphakathini yabo kanye nokukhetha komndeni.
2. Imithombo etholakalayo: Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusekude futhi kunzima ukufinyelela. Ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha , ukuletha umntwana ngaphandle komuntu onolwazi olukhona njengodokotela, umbelethisi, noma umhlengikazi, futhi ukungabi nokuthola ukwelashwa okunjengama-antibiotic kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo kungaba nemiphumela engozini yokuphila.
3. Ubuhle: I- Parity yilezi zikhathi owesifazane okhulelwe. Amathuba okuba nengxabano ngokukhulelwa noma izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha aphezulu kakhulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Izinkinga zingaphansi kokukhulelwa okwesibili. Kodwa, emva kokukhulelwa okuyisihlanu noma ngaphezulu ingozi ikhula futhi.

Izimbangela Zokufa Kwabesifazane

E-United States, izinkinga ezinzima zokukhulelwa nokufa kwababelethi azivamile. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezempilo, iningi lezinkinga ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kanye nenkathi yokuthutha ingaphathwa noma ivinjelwe. Nokho, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, lezi zimo ziyingozi kakhulu. Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa komama.

I-Postpartum Hemorrhage
I-Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) iphuma ngokweqile futhi ilahlekelwa igazi ngemva kokubeletha. Umhlinzeki wezempilo onekhono angamisa ukuphuma kwegazi. Kodwa, uma umhlinzeki wezempilo onolwazi olufanele namakhono engatholakali, umama angafa ngokulahlekelwa igazi eliningi. I-PPH inesibopho samaphesenti angaba ngu-27 azo zonke ukufa kwababelethi.

Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphakeme Ne-Eclampsia
Ukunakekelwa kokubeletha nokuhlolwa kokubeletha ngokuvamile kuthatha izinkinga ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye namaprotheni emcinini. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezempilo, odokotela bangaphatha futhi baqaphe i- pre-eclampsia . Kodwa, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, kungaba yingozi futhi kuholele ekufeni. Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kunomthwalo wemaphesenti angu-14 okufa okuhlobene nokukhulelwa.

Ukutheleleka
Abesifazane bangathola ukutheleleka ekukhipha isisu esingaphephile, ukulethwa okungahlanzekile, noma umsebenzi omude kakhulu . Ukuntula ukuqonda kanye nokwaziswa ngokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu nokunakekela umzimba emva kokubeletha kungabeka umama engozini yokutheleleka. Amaphesenti angama-11 okushona kwababelethi angumphumela wesifo.

Ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa
Ukukhipha isisu okungaphephile kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa phakathi kwabesifazane abanokukhulelwa okungalindelekile. Kungesizathu sokuthi abesifazane abangaba ngu-68 000 bafa ngonyaka ngamunye. Ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili okufa kwababelethi.

Ukumbumbuluzwa kwePulmonary
I-embolism ye-pulmonary (PE) iyigqoko legazi emaphashini. I-PE ingathuthuka ngemuva kokulethwa, futhi ingozi iphezulu nge-cearean section. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-3 okufa kwababelethi angenxa ye-embolism ye-pulmonary.

Ezinye izinkinga eziqondile
Cishe amaphesenti ayishumi kwabesifazane abulawa ngezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa okuqondile. Izimo ezifana ne- placenta previa , ukukhulelwa kwe- uterine, nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kungaholela ezinkingeni nasekufeni ngaphandle kokunakekelwa nokuphathwa kahle.

Ezinye Izizathu Ezingaqondile
Isizathu esingaqondile sokufa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe sisesimweni esingathintana ngqo nokukhulelwa kodwa sikhula noma sibi nakakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa kungathinta izinkinga zempilo ezifana ne-HIV nesifo senhliziyo. Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye ne-anemia zingakhula noma zibe zimbi nakakhulu. Lokhu kuphazamisa i-akhawunti ngamaphesenti angama-28 okushona kwababelethi.

Izimbangela Zokufa Kwabesifazane

Isizathu Sokufa	Amaphesenti
Izizathu eziqondile	27.5%
Ukulimaza	27.1%
I-Blood Pressure Disorder	14.0%
Ukutheleleka	10.7%
Ezinye Izizathu Eziqondile	9.6%
Ukukhipha isisu	7.9%
Izindwangu zegazi	3.2%

Indlela Yokwenza Ukukhulelwa Kuphephile

Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, inani labesifazane abafa ngenxa yokukhulelwa nokubeletha selihle. Ukuncipha kungenxa yokuthi:

• Imfundo yabesifazane
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kokukhulelwa komzimba
• Ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu kokubeletha
• Ukuzalwa okwengeziwe ezibhedlela noma nabanikezeli bezempilo abanamakhono okwamanje
• Ukutholakala okukhulu kwama-antibiotic, ukumpontshelwa igazi, kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga
• Izinqubekela phambili ekunakekeleni okukhethekile ukukhulelwa okuphezulu kanye nokudiliva

Kodwa, ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, umsebenzi omningi udinga ukwenziwa. Ukunciphisa izinga lokufa kwababelethi lapho kunabesifazane abadinga kakhulu:

Imfundo
Abesifazane abasha (namadoda) abawazi okwengeziwe ngokuzala, ukuzala , ukulawulwa kokubeletha kanye nemiphumela yokungavimba okungavumelekile kungenza izinqumo ezingcono. Ukwaziswa kohlelo lomndeni kungavimbela ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe kanye nokukhipha isisu okungaphephile.

Ukufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuphathwa kwezimo ezandulele, nokutholakala kwezinqubo eziphephile kungavimbela ukufa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izinsizakalo zokudla okunempilo kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo zokubeletha zibaluleke kakhulu kumantombazane nabesifazane abasha.

Ukuhlanzeka
Ulwazi lwezinto ezinhle zokuhlanzeka kanye nendlela yokunakekela umzimba kungagcina amagciwane asuke. Ukwebiwa kwesandla njalo, endaweni ehlanzekile ye-perineal ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokubeletha, futhi indawo yokuhlinzeka ngempilo ngesikhathi sokubeletha ingasiza futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Ukunakekelwa kokukhulelwa
Ukunakekelwa okunempilo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokubeletha kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kuholele ekuzalweni okuphephile. Uma kunokwenzeka, abesifazane kufanele babe nezingane zabo isikhungo sezempilo. Uma ukulethwa esibhedlela, emtholampilo, noma ehhovisi kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke umuntu onolwazi ekukhululeni izingane kufanele abe nokulethwa ekhaya.

Ukuqapha kwe-Postpartum
Ngemva kokubeletha, abesifazane bayaqhubeka bedinga ukunakekelwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-postpartum kokuphapha okungavamile noma ukutheleleka kungenza umehluko. Ukuhlala kude nezinsizakalo noma ukungakwazi ukuyikhokhela kungavimbela owesifazane ekutholeni ulwazi oludinga ukuzinakekela yena emva kokuzalwa noma ukuthola izilonda zokubulala impilo kanye nokukhathazeka okulandelayo okungase kudingeke.

Amathuba Wokufa Ngesikhathi SaseCesarean

Emazweni athuthukile, ithuba lokufa kusuka esigabeni sokuqeda isisindo singasavamile , kodwa luphakeme kakhulu kunokubeletha kwesisu. Ucwaningo olwenziwa eMelika Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology lwathola ukuthi ukufa kwababelethi kungu-2.2 kwabayi-100 000 ngezigaba ezingu-0.2 kanye no-100 kwabayi-100 000 uma bebeletha. Isizathu sokuthi ingxenye ye-cearean inezinga eliphakeme ukuthi kungukuhlinzwa, futhi ukuhlinzwa kunengozi. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi uma isigaba c sikhetha futhi senziwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sezokwelapha, izingozi ziphakeme kunezidingo ngokusebenzisa ukuzalwa kwesifazane.

Izinkinga ezivela esigabeni c ezingaholela ekufeni komama zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka
• Ama-clots egazi
• Ukuphendula kwe-anesthesia
• Ukulahleka kwegazi
• Ukulimala kwezinye izitho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa

Kodwa, khumbula ukuthi c-izingxenye zisindisa izimpilo, futhi. Kunezikhathi lapho ingxenye ye-c iyindlela engcono kakhulu. Uma kunesidingo, i-cearean inganciphisa amathuba okufa komama kanye nokufa kokubeletha kanye nokuletha ukulethwa okuningi okuphephile.

Izwi elivela ku-Verywell

Esikhathini esidlule, ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kwakuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa, namuhla, kuphephile kakhulu ukuba nomntwana. Uma uthola ukunakekelwa kokubeletha okuvamile, udle kahle, wenze ukukhetha okuhle kokuphila , futhi ube nomsebenzi wezempilo onolwazi ekubelethweni kwakho, amathuba okuba ukhulelwe kahle nokuzalwa okuhle kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba abesifazane baqhubeka bebhekana nezimo ezinzima ezikhulelwe nokubeletha. Njengabanye abaningi besifazane, banethemba elifanayo kanye nokwesaba mayelana nokuba nengane. Ngeshwa, ukwesaba kwabo kusekelwe kahle. Kodwa, kunjalo nethemba labo.

Izinhlangano zezempilo zomama nabantwana ezifana ne-WHO, i-USAID, i-UNICEF, i-UNFPA nabanye abaningi abazisa ulwazi ngalolu daba. Bahlakulela izinhlelo zokusiza ukulwa nokufa kwababelethi nokwenza ikusasa libe ngcono kubo bonke abesifazane. Uma ungathanda ukuhileleka, ungabheka amathuba okusiza labo abahluphekile emphakathini wakho noma wenze umehluko ngokubolekisa izinhlangano ezinjengalezi ezizama ukuletha imfundo yokulondoloza impilo, imithi, nokukhathalela abesifazane abaseduze Umhlaba.

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> Kassebaum NJ, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Dandona L, Gething PW, Hay SI, Kinfu Y, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lim SS, Lopez AD. Amazinga omhlaba omhlaba, wesifunda, nesifundazwe sokufa komama, ngo-1990-2015: ukuhlaziywa okuhlelekile kwe-Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. I-Lancet. 2016 Okthoba 8; 388 (10053): 1775-812.

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