Indlela Ukuzithiba Kuholela Ngempumelelo
Izwe lanamuhla lenza kube nzima kunanini ngaphambili ukufundisa izingane ukulawula ukucindezela. Ngemuva kwalokho, sisetshenziselwa ukuthokozisa okusheshayo.
Njengoba izitolo ziqhayisa, "Ayikho imigqa, akukho ukulinda," futhi imibukiso ye-TV e-inthanethi ivimbela ukuthi singalindeli ukuthengisa, sinamathuba ambalwa okusebenzisa ukubekezela.
Ukulawula umfutho, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwengane yakho. Akuzona zonke izinto eziphilayo ezenzeka ngokushesha.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho ifuna ukulondoloza imali yokuthenga okukhulu, noma izama ukufunda ikhono elisha, ukuzithiba kuyisihluthulelo.
Ukulawulwa Kwesisusa Kuhlanganiswe Ukuphumelela KweSikole
Izingane ezinokuzithiba zingakwazi ukuma ngempumelelo emgqeni, linda isikhathi lapho udlala umdlalo bese ucabanga ngaphambi kokuba zenze. Baye bavame ukuphumelela kangcono nontanga ngoba bayakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kontanga futhi baxazulule izinkinga ngokuphumelelayo.
Ukulawula ukuphazamiseka kuyasiza ekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo. Ukuzithiba kubaluleke kakhulu kabili njengokuhlakaniphile uma kuziwa ekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo, ngokusho kwabacwaningi be-neuroscience uSandra Aamodt noSam Wang, ababhala ngokuthi "Siyakwamukela ku-Brain's Child's Brain."
Izingane ezingakwazi ukulawula izifiso zabo zikwazi kangcono ukucabanga ngezimpendulo zabo ngaphambi kokuzibhala phansi futhi zinekhono lokucabanga elihle lokuxazulula izinkinga. Bangakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhungatheka okukhulu lapho bexazulula izinkinga.
Isivivinyo se-Marshmallow
Ukuhlolwa kweStanford Marshmallow kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kokucindezela ezinganeni. Kwakuhilela uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezenziwa ngawo-1960s no-1970 nguWalter Mischel, uprofesa eStanford University.
Abacwaningi bavivinya amakhono abantwana ukuthi bangabambezeli ukuthokoza.
Izingane ezineminyaka engama-4 no-6 zanikezwa ukhetho phakathi kwe-marshmallow eyodwa manje noma ama-marshmallows amabili emaminithini angu-15.
Iningi lezingane lizama ukulinda imizuzu engu-15 ukuze babe nama-marshmallows womabili. Kodwa-ke, iningi lazo lalingene esilingweni futhi amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kuphela alezingane aphumelela ekulibalekeni ukuthokoza. Labo abakwazi ukulinda babonisa ikhono elithuthukisiwe lokubhekana nokucindezeleka nokuphatha intukuthelo yabo .
Izingane ezaphumelela ekubambezelekeni ukuthokoza zazikwazi ukuphazanyisa zona futhi zizisebenzise ukuzikhulumela ngokwabo njengoba zikulindele. Ezinye izingane zaphumelela ngokunciphisa isilingo. Ezinye izingane zizenza sengathi i-marshmallow yayiyifu ngenkathi abanye bezitshela ukuthi kwakuyisithombe nje se-marshmallow esikhundleni sezinto zangempela.
Ukutadisha okulandelwayo kwabantwana abakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthokoza bathole ukuthi babonisa izinkinga ezimbalwa zokuziphatha. Babethandwa kakhulu ontanga yabo futhi bakwazi ukugcina ubungane isikhathi eside.
Ukulawulwa kwabo kokuzikhandla kwabasebenzisa kahle kamuva ekuphileni. Izingane ezazikwazi ukulibala ukuzithokozisa kusenesikhathi zaziphethe izikolo eziphakeme ze-SAT njengabasha.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2017 olwanyatheliswa eNcwadini Yezobucwaningi lathola ukuthi ukuzithiba kokubantwana kubikezela ukuthi umuntu uzongena yini ohlelweni lomhlalaphansi njengomuntu omdala.
Abacwaningi baphetha ubuntwana ukuzithiba ukubikezela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-4 kuya ku-5 angaphezulu kakhulu amathuba okuthola impesheni.
Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo Ngokujwayelekile
Nakhu ongayilindela kusuka kwengane yakho esigabeni ngasinye sokuthuthukiswa:
- Abantfwana - Abantfwana abancane abanakho ukulawula ukucindezela cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwabo. Ziziphonsa phansi, zikhabe, noma zishaye ngaphandle kokubheka futhi lokhu kuyinto evamile. Noma kunjalo, yisikhathi esihle sokuqala ukwethula umqondo wokubekezela kwengane yakho.
- Abasenkulisa - Abantwana basenkulisa kumele babonise ukufutheka okuncane futhi kufanele bathole amakhono angcono okuxazulula izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuba baqhubeke babe nokuqhuma ngezikhathi ezithile, kuhlanganise nokuhlukunyezwa.
- Abafundi beBanga lesiBanga - abantwana beBanga lesikolo kumele babe nesibambo esihle ekulawuleni umqondo uma kuziwa emzimbeni wabo. Ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthatha okuthile okuvela esandleni somuntu futhi kufanele bakwazi ukuphendula inkinga ngaphandle kokuziphatha okunonya . Kuyinto evamile ukuba balwe nemizwa, njengoba iningi labo liqhubeka lisho ukuphawula noma ukuphendula izimpendulo ngaphandle kokucabanga.
- Intsha - Nakuba intsha eningi ingathanda ukusho ukuthi ilawula ngokugcwele izimpendulo zabo, akunakwenzeka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala, intsha ijwayele ukuba ingozi enkulu, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokomzwelo, futhi isengozini yokucindezela kontanga. Ubuchopho babo obusakhulayo baqhubeka benza ukuba bagxile kakhulu ekuzuzeni okwesikhashana kunokuba kube nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ngezikhathi ezithile.
Fundisa ukuzithiba
Ukulawula ukuphazamiseka akuyona into ejwayelekile. Ikhono elifundiwe noma yikuphi ingane engakhula kodwa kudingeka ufundise ingane yakho ukulawula umfutho ngokuzikhandla .
Ngomkhuba nokuqondisa, uzokwenza ngcono ikhono lakhe lokucabanga ngaphambi kokuba enze okuthile. Futhi cishe uzovimbela izinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha ngaphambi kokuba ziqale .
Imithombo:
I-Aamodt S, Wang S. Siyakwamukela ku-Brain's Child's. ENew York, NY. Bloomsbury USA. 2012.
Casey, BJ, et al. (2011). Izindlela zokuziphatha nokulibazisa kwe-neural correlates yokubambezeleka kokuthokozisa eminyakeni engu-40 kamuva. Izinqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences, 108 (36), 14998-15003.
Lades LK, u-Egan M, u-Delaney L, u-Daly M. Childhood ukuzithiba nokubandakanya impesheni yabantu abadala. Izincwadi Zomnotho . 2017; 161: 102-104.