Ukufunda Ukuphindaphinda: Ukufunda I-Rote noma Ukukhanda Ngekhanda?

Yenza Ukunyakaza Okulula

Ukukwazi amaqiniso wokuphindaphinda kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukwazi ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zezibalo eziphakeme, kodwa ukufunda akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Emashumini eminyaka, othisha baye bathembela ekufundeni noma ekukhanda ngekhanda ukufundisa amatafula okuphindaphinda.

Ingabe i-Rote Learning isebenza?

Nakuba lolu hlelo lokufunda lusebenza kwabanye abafundi, eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule noma ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lena akuyona indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokufundisa ukuphindaphindiwe.

Abafundi bafunda ukubuyabuyelela kangcono uma bekwazi ukuthola izindlela zokwenza uxhumano, ukudala incazelo noma ukuqonda imithetho elawula ukubuyabuyelela.

Ucwaningo olulodwa lwezocwaningo lubhekisela kulezi zindlela ezahlukene zokufunda izibalo njengezincazelo ezisekelwe ngokucophelela kanye nezincazelo ezisekelwa ngezibalo (Levenson, 2009). Izincazelo ezisekelwa ngokuzenzekelayo yizindlela abafundi abazithola zokuxoxa ngemibono yezibalo empilweni yabo yangempela yokuphila . Eziningi zalezi zinkcazo yizindlela ezisebenzayo ezingase zifundiswe ngokomthetho.

Amasu okuphindaphinda okusebenzayo

1. Ukumelela okubonakalayo: Izingane eziningi lapho ukufundwa kokuphindaphinda kokuqala kuzokusebenzisa imidwebo noma imidwebo ukumela iqembu ngalinye. Isibonelo, i-3 x 2 yayizobekwa njengamaqembu amathathu ama cubes amabili ngamunye. Ingane yakho ingabe iqonda ngokucacile ukuthi uyamcela ukuthi abone inombolo edalwe ngamathathu amathathu.
2. Ukuphindaphinda kabili: Ukufunda ukuphindaphindwa kabili kulula uma ingane yakho isikhumbuza "ama-double" amaqiniso akhe okuhlanganisa. Ukwandisa noma yiliphi inombolo ngamabili yizinto ezifana nokuzifaka ngokwakho.

1. I-Zero: Ngezinye izikhathi ingane yakho ingase ibe nesikhathi esinzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani inombolo yokwandiswa yi-zero ihlale ikhona. Kumkhumbuza ukuthi lokho okucatshangwayo ukukhombisa "amaqembu ama-zero [kunoma yiliphi inombolo]" lingamsiza ukuba abone ukuthi akukho maqembu afana nalutho.
2. Fives: Iningi lezingane likwazi ukweqa ukubalwa ngezinhlanu. Lokho abakwenzayo banda ngokuphindwe kabili. Ukusebenzisa umnikazi wendawo (iminwe isebenza kahle) ukugcina ithrekhi yokuthi ubaleke kangakanani, ingane yakho ingaziphindaphinda ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamahlanu.

1. Amashumi: Kusukela ngokuphindaphindiwe nguyishumi ngokuyisisekelo kuhambisa idijithali endaweni, yonke ingane yakho kumele iyenze ingeza 0 ekupheleni kwenombolo. 5 x 10 = 50; Ukwengeza u-0 kuze kube sekugcineni kudlulisela labahlanu kusuka kule ndawo ukuya endaweni yeshumi.
2. Elevens: Uma ukwandisa ngedijithi eyodwa, wonke ingane yakho kudingeka uyenze ukubeka leyo nombolo kumashumi nendawo. (11 x 3 = 33)

Uma ingane yakho ifunde lawa maqhinga okuphindaphinda okusebenzayo, unezindlela zokuthola izimpendulo zecishe ingxenye yamatafula wokuphindaphinda. Kunamanye amasu noma amaqhinga okuthi, ngenkathi esinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, angasebenzisa ukwenza wonke amatafula.

Izindlela eziningi ezixubile zokuphindaphinda

1. Amane: Izikhathi ezine noma yini engacatshangwa ngokuthi "ukuphindaphinda kabili." Isibonelo, i-2 x 3 ifana nokuphindaphinda kabili noma 6. Ukusebenzisa lokho njengeqhinga lesisekelo, 4 x 3 umane nje udaba lokuphindaphinda kabili noma 3 + 3 = 6 (kabili) no-6 + 6 = 12 (okuphindwe kabili).
2. Ama- fives (ngisho nenombolo): Uma ukubala nge-fives kwehluleka, lapho ingane yakho iphindaphinda nenani konke okudingeka iyenze kuthatha isigamu salowo nombolo bese ungeza u-0 emva kwayo. Isibonelo 5 x 6 = 30, okufana nengxenye ye-6 nge-zero ekugcineni.
3. I-Fives (inombolo engavamile): Yenza ingane yakho isuse 1 kusukela enombolweni ayiphakamisa ngayo, uyihlukanise bese uyibeka 5 emva kwayo. Isibonelo 5 x 7 = 35, okufana no-7-1, okwesigamu ne-5 emva kwalo.

1. Amaminithi (indlela yomunwe) : Yenza ingane yakho ibeke izandla zayo phambi kwayo. Iminwe ngakwesokunxele yizinombolo 1 kuya ku-5; isandla sokunene singu-6 kuya ku-10. Ngenkinga 9 x 2, uzoguqa umunwe wakhe wesibili. Inombolo yeminwe ngakwesobunxele kwesigwegwe phansi ngomunwe inomboro endaweni yeshumi nenani leminwe ngakwesokunene somunwe ogobile yiyona ndawo. Ngakho-ke, 9 x 2 = umunwe ngakwesobunxele nangu-8 ngakwesokudla noma 18.
2. IziNine (zenezela ku-9 indlela): Yenza ingane yakho ihoxise 1 kusukela kwinombolo ayanda ngayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-9 x 4, uzothola ama-3, awabeka endaweni yeshumi. Manje usetha inkinga yokungezelela ukuze athole ukuthi yini eyenezela kulokhu ukwenza okwesishiyagalolunye, ukubeka lokho endaweni. 3 + 6 = 9, ngakho-ke 9 x 4 = 36.

> Imithombo:

> Levenson, u-Esther (2009). Ukusetshenziswa kwabafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili kanye nezintandokazi zokuchazwa ngezibalo kanye nezibalo. Izifundo zezemfundo eziMathematika, V73 (2), pp121-142.

> Van de Walle, John, kanye nabantu, uSandra. Izibalo ze-Elementary and Middle School - Teaching Developmentally. I-Canada ihlelwe. I-Pearson Education Canada, 2005