Iningi labazali bayazi ukuthi abantu abayishumi nambili kanye nentsha bayokwenza, okungenani ngezikhathi ezithile. Lezi ziphambeko ezimbi ziyaziwa njengezikhwama zangaphandle. Ziyini ukuziphatha okungaphandle? Ngamafuphi, yizenzo eziqondisa amandla ezinkinga ngaphandle. Funda ukukhomba ukuziphatha okunjalo ngezibonelo ezilandelayo futhi uthole amathiphu ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nokuziphatha okunjalo kuma-teen and teen with this review.
Ukwehlisa izinga lokuziphatha akukwazi nje ukuhola intsha ukuba ibe yizimo ezinzima kepha kungashiya imiphumela emide emiphakathini yabo.
Ukuchaza Ukunciphisa Izisusa Ngezibonelo
Ingane noma umuntu omdala obonisa ukuziphatha kwangaphandle ukuziphatha kuhilela ekuziphatheni okulimaza abanye ngokumelene nokwehliswa yibo (okuyaziwa ngokuthi ukuziphatha ngokuziphatha ). Ukwehlisa ukuziphatha kuhlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa ngamazwi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobudlelwane , ukuphikisana, ukweba nokuchitha phansi.
AmaTweens akhombisa ukuziphatha okuningi ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi uma bekhathazekile noma banezinye izinselelo eziqhubekayo ekuphileni kwabo. Abafana banamathuba amaningi kunamantombazane okukhombisa ukuziphatha okungenasici okuphuma ngaphandle, njengokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, kepha kuwo wonke amazinga okuhlukunyezwa afanayo phakathi kobulili.
Intsha Iyingozi Kwazo Zombili Ezithuthukisa Nokuzihlanganisa Ngaphakathi
Ngokuvamile, ama-tweens kanye nentsha abonisa kokubili ukukhipha ngaphandle nokuziphatha kahle.
Izinsana zingase zenze izinto zenzeke (ukukhishwa kwangaphandle) esikoleni ngenkathi besebenzisa izidakamizwa noma utshwala (ukuziphatha ngendlela yokuziphatha). Abazali bangaba nomntwana oyedwa oncike ekwenzeni izimo zokuziphatha zangaphandle ukubhekana nazo futhi omunye oncike ekuphatheni okuziphatha. Ngenkathi ingane yangaphambili ingase ibhekwe njengengane engumntanakho, bobabili abantwana badinga usizo nokungenela ngaphambi kokuba bazilimaze ngokwabo noma abanye.
Imiphumela
Izingane ezibonisa ukuziphatha kwangaphandle zizobhekana nemiphumela eminingana yokuziphatha kwabo. Ngezinga eliphansi, lokhu kungabandakanya amanothi athunyelwe ekhaya kusuka othisha abathintekayo ngokuziphatha kokuphazamisa kwentsha ekilasini. Lokhu kungaqhubeka nokuboshwa esikoleni, ukumiswa noma ngisho nokuxoshwa. Ezinye izikole zinezinqubomgomo zokubekezelelana zero ezibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuxhashazwa noma izikhali. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezibandakanya ukuziphatha okungaphandle kokusebenzisa lezi zindlela zingazithola zikhishwe esikoleni.
Okubi nakakhulu, izingane ezisebenza ngaphandle (ngaphakathi internalizing behavior) zingazithola ziboshwe ngenxa yokuba, ukucekelwa phansi noma ukuhlaselwa, noma zingabhekana nemiphumela esikoleni ezifana nokuxoshwa. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuqala kohambo olude ohlelweni lobugebengu bobugebengu uma ukuziphatha kungalungiswa.
Okwenza Izingane Zibonise Ukunciphisa Izisusa
Izingane zingenza ngezindlela ezilimaza abanye ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Bangase babe izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokocansi noma ngokomzwelo. Kungenzeka ukuthi balahlekelwe umzali noma omunye oseduze eduze nokufa noma wabhekana nesahlukaniso, ukushiywa abazali noma esinye isipiliyoni esibuhlungu, njengodlame lwasekhaya, ukuboshwa komzali noma inkinga yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa zomzali.
Ezinye izingane ezizenza ngezindlela ezilimazayo zingase zibe nezifo zengqondo noma isifo somuntu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane eziningi ezinokukhubazeka ekufundeni zizama ukugxila ekuqapheliseni ukuthi zinezinkinga zokufunda. Ukukhishwa ngaphandle kwekilasi kungase kubonakale kunenzuzo kubo kunokuthi ukukhubazeka kwabo kokufunda kuvezwe.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani izingane zibandakanya ukuziphatha ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukuthi bathole usizo nokungenelela. Lokhu kungafaka ukululekwa, ukwelashwa noma ukuhlolwa kokukhubazeka kokufunda noma ukugula. Khuluma nothisha noma umphathi wengane yakho ngokuthola usizo noma uthintane nodokotela wezokwelapha onelayisense.
Umthombo:
Izigaba, uVicky. Ukuqonda i-Psychology Engavamile Engane, Inguqulo Yesibili. 2008. Hoboken, NJ: UJohn Wiley & Son.