Kuyini nokuthi kungani kuyinkinga
Ngafunda ngalomqondo lapho indodana yami isemncane futhi othisha beqhubeka bezitshela ukuthi unalo i-ADHD. Ngesikhathi sokuqala umuntu angitshele ukuthi mhlawumbe wayene-ADHD lapho eneminyaka engaba yisithupha ubudala futhi ebangeni lokuqala. Wayengumfundi ozifundisayo yena futhi ngesikhathi esesibangeni lokuqala wayevele efundeka kahle , ukufunda izincwadi kwakusho izingane ezineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili nangaphezulu. Wayefuna kakhulu ukufunda izincwadi mayelana nesayensi esikoleni njengoba enza ekhaya, kodwa uthisha akavumelanga.
Uphikelela ukuthi ufunde okokuqala izinto ezidingekayo bese edlulisa izivivinyo zokuqonda ngaphambi kokuba avunyelwe ukuvula noma yiziphi ezinye izincwadi. Kwakufana nokuhlukunyezwa kuye, futhi wayenenkinga kakhulu ehlezi ekufundeni ngamabhanki egcekeni elingemuva lapho eyazi ukuthi unezincwadi ezimayelana nemigodi emnyama emlindele ekhaya.
Kamuva, lapho indodana yami ineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, ngenza ukuba ihlolwe ngumchwepheshe wezengqondo. Ngesikhathi ngiphindela emuva ukuxoxa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa naye, sinezingxoxo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana nezingane ezinezintandokazi ne-ADHD. Wayengowokuqala ukungingenisa emcimbini wokuthi sasiqala ukugulisa ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kwezingane. Lokho kwakunjalo ngo-1998. Sesivele indlela ende kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sithola izindlela eziningi zokugulisa ukuziphatha okujwayelekile.
Iyini i-Pathology and What Does It Mean to Pathologize Behavior?
Ukukhubazeka ukuhlola izifo. Kubuye ukuphambene nokujwayelekile, into "engavamile." Ukwehlisa ukuziphatha kubhala ukuziphatha okujwayelekile njengenkinga, ukuziphatha okudinga ukungenelela, ukwelashwa noma izidakamizwa.
Ngeshwa, yilokhu abaningi emphakathini wethu abakwenzayo ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile izingane. Isibonelo, kuyinto evamile ukuba abafana abancane bangenasiphephelo futhi badle lapho becela ukuba bahlale phansi emgumbini. Namuhla, noma imuphi umfana omncane owenza ama-classic ekilasini manje usolwa ngokushesha ngokuthi une-ADHD.
Ngenkathi ezinye izingane zinayo i-ADHD, akuzona zonke izingane ezigcina ama-fidgets noma ezingahlali zikhona. Ngendlela efanayo, zonke izingane ezinamahloni zikholelwa ukuthi zinezinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar. Futhi, ngenkathi ezinye izingane zinezinkinga, akuzona zonke izingane ezinomdlandla onayo. Lolu hlobo lokuzonda ukuziphatha okuvamile luvame kakhulu nezingane ezinamakhono kunabantwana abangenabanikazi.
Kuyini Ukuziphatha Okujwayelekile Okuhlelekile Futhi Kwenzeka Kanjani?
Kunzima ngokwanele ukuchaza ukuziphatha okujwayelekile ngokujwayelekile; ukuchaza ukuziphatha okuvamile kwezipho kungase kube nzima nakakhulu ngoba ukuziphatha okuningi kwezingane ezinamakhono kungalinganisa izimpawu zesifo esithile noma esinye. I-ADHD cishe iyisifo esivamile kakhulu esinezingane ezivamile ezinamakhono ezingaqondakali kahle. Ingane enesiphiwo esingalahleki ekilasini izovame ukwenza okuthile futhi ukwenza okuthile kungaba ngokomzimba. Ingane ingabalala futhi ixabane. Kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu ukugxila nokulalela. Angase afinyelele. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane inikezwa inselelo efanele, ukuziphatha kuyanyamalala, ngezinye izikhathi ebusuku. Ngeshwa, izikole zingase zingathandi ukuhlinzeka ngomsebenzi onzima, zichaza izizathu ezinjengokuthi "ukungafinyeleli" noma ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi osevele usinikeziwe.
Okunye ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kodwa okungacacile okuziphatha kwezingane ezinamakhono kuhilela imizwelo yabo.
Izingane ezinesibalo zingaba namandla ngokomzwelo, ngokwemibandela kaDabrowski, ngokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo noma ngokweqile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma badabukile, badabuke kakhulu, futhi uma bejabula, bayajabula kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakholwe ukuthi izingane ezinjalo ziyi-bipolar. Azikho. Bayaqina kakhulu - bazizwa izinto ngokujulile.
Enye yezinkathazo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ezinganeni eziningi ezinesiphakamiso yi-supersensitivity yemvelo. Izingane ezinesisindo esinzima zingase zihlukunyezwe ngokukhala okukhulu noma izigxobo emasokisi abo, noma ukuthungwa kokudla okunye. Ngenxa yokuthi bangase basabele ngokujulile kulolu hlobo lokufakelwa komzimba, ngokuvamile bahlukunyezwa ngokuthi banesifo se-SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder).
Lesi sitatimende sibonakala sichaza izingane ezinezintandokazi ngokukhululeka komzimba: "Umuntu oyedwa nge-SPD angaphendula ngokuphindaphindiwe ekuzwayo futhi athole izingubo, ukuxhumana ngokomzimba, ukukhanya, umsindo, ukudla, noma enye indlela yokuzwa okungenakubekezelelwa." Uma ngabe ingane yakho inesisindo esikhulu, ungabona ukuthi ubeka izandla zakhe ezindlebeni zakhe emidlalo yeshashalazi, noma ithatha amasokisi akhe ngenxa yokuthi uyayonda ukuzwa kwamagundane, noma udonsa emathekheni ngemuva kwezingubo zakhe noma ukwenqaba ukudla ukudla okuthile ngenxa yokuthungwa noma iphunga.
Izingane eziningi ezinamakhono nazo ziphelile. Abafuni nje ukwenza konke ngokwabo ngokuphelele, bangase balindele abanye ukuba baphelele. Ngakho-ke, bangalungisa uthisha owenze iphutha. Inhloso yabo akuyona ukuphikisa uthisha, kodwa ukulungisa ulwazi. Lokhu akuvimbeli abanye abantu ukuthi bangasho ukuthi ingane enjalo ine-ODD - Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Noma ukuphelela kwengane ephikisiwe kungamenza afune konke ngokuhlelekile okuphelele: konke okuhlelwe ngokuma noma umbala noma usayizi. Lokhu kuziphatha kungaholela abanye abantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ingane i-OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuxilongwa?
Abanye abantu bangitshele ukuthi ukuxilongwa akukhathaleki kusukela, bakholelwa ukuthi ingane izothola ukwelashwa kokuziphatha "inkinga". Eqinisweni, abanye abazali bafuna ukuxilongwa kwengqondo ngoba lapho ingane ikhona, iyakwazi ukuthola i-IEP (Individual Educational Plan). Njengoba i-IEP kufanele iklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomntwana ngabanye, isidingo somsebenzi onzima kakhulu sizofaka ngaphezu kwendawo yokuhlala yokuthola "ukukhubazeka."
Le ndlela inamaphutha amaningi. Ngesinye, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile akusebenzi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izingane ezinesipho zidinga izindlu ezikhethekile ezihlelwe ngokukhethekile ngamakhono abo, njengoba nje noma yiziphi izidingo ezikhethekile ezinganeni. Noma yimuphi ukwelashwa oklanyelwe ukubhekana nesimo ingane ayinayo ngenkathi inganaki izidingo esekelwe ekunikeni kwakhe isipho ayikwazi ukusebenza.
Enye iphutha ukuthi ezinye zezifo ziyeza ngemithi ehlanganisa izidakamizwa. Yilokho kuyi-ADHD lapho uRitalin evame ukushiwo khona. U-Ritalin uyisidakamizwa sekilasi lesi-2, okusho ukuthi kungumlutha, njenge-cocaine. Akuyona ingozi, ngakho-ke kungani unikeza ingane leyo mithi ukuphatha isimo esingenaso?
Iphutha lokugcina lale ndlela ukuthi utshela ingane ukuthi ukuziphatha okujwayelekile okujwayelekile akuvamile. Kufana nokwelapha ingane ngokuba namahloni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Esikhundleni sokusiza umntwana ukuba aziqonde yena, utshela ingane ukuthi kukhona okungalungile kuye. Uma ingane ingenayo yalezi zimo, khona-ke sifuna ukumbona ukuthola usizo. Ukuba nekhono akukwenzelisi ingane ukuba igweme ukuthi ibe neyodwa yalezi zikhubazo, kodwa kufanele kutholakale ukuxilongwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngoba ukuxilongwa kuzolandela ingane ngokuya esikoleni nangenxa yokuphila kwakhe konke. Uma leso sifo sitholwa, kunzima kakhulu ukukususa. Futhi lokho kwenza kube nzima ukubhekana nezindaba zangempela ingane enesipho esifanele ihlobene nezipho zakhe. Kufanele sonke sifune okungcono kakhulu kuwo wonke umntwana, futhi lokho kuhlanganisa zonke izingane ezinesiphiwo.