Ukuchaza igama elilodwa elinamakhono akuyona into elula. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa izincazelo eziningi, kepha akukho ncazelo eyodwa yobuphiko eyamukelwa yilowo nalowo noma ngisho neningi labantu. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezincazelo eziningi kangaka, abantu bavame ukudideka ngalokho okushiwo ukuthi banikezwe isipho. Akukhona nje lokho, abazali nabafundisi ngezinye izikhathi bakuthola kunzima ukuxhumana ngoba lokho abakushoyo kusekelwe ezinchazeni ezahlukene!
Ukuze kusize ukuqeda ukudideka, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqonda ukuthi ivelaphi isikhathi futhi imibono ehlukene eyaholela ezinchazeni eziningi ezikhona namuhla.
Umsuka we-Term Gifted
Leli gama elithi izingane ezinamakhono laqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1869 nguFrancis Galton. Wabhekisela kubantu abadala ababonisa ithalente ehlukile endaweni ethile njengabahlakaniphileyo, isibonelo, isazi samakhemikhali esinesipho. Izingane zingathola ifa lokuba ngumdala omdala, kanti uGalton ubhekisele kulezi zingane njengezingane ezinesipho. U-Lewis Terman wandisa umbono kaGalton wezingane ezinamakhono ukufaka i- IQ ephezulu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, waqala ukutadisha izingane ezinesipiliyoni isikhathi eside, esichaza njengabantwana abane-IQs angu-140 noma ngaphezulu. Ucwaningo lwakhe lithole ukuthi i-IQ yodwa ayinakukwazi ukubikezela impumelelo ekukhuleni. U-Leta uHull Hollingworth, naye, ukholelwa ukuthi amandla okuba nekhono azuze njengefa. Kodwa-ke, wayezizwa ukuthi ukuhlinzeka ikhaya lokuhlala ekhaya kanye nokufunda esikoleni nakho kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lokho okungenzeka.
Ngo-1926, washicilela incwadi yakhe, Izingane Ezifuywayo, Uhlobo Lwabo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwalo, futhi igama eliyigugu lisetshenziswe kusukela kusukela ekubhekiseni izingane ezinamandla amakhulu.
Izincazelo ezahlukene
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwegama elinamakhono okwenzekile kuye kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukile kwegama nezindlela ezahlukene zokuchaza izipho. Umbono kaGalton wasishiya umqondo wokuthi umuntu onomakhono ungomunye ngesipho, ithalente ekhethekile eboniswe umuntu omdala.
Abantu namuhla bangasebenzisa ingane enekhono ngendlela uGarton ayisebenzisa ngayo igama elidala lomuntu onesipiliyoni. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ingane enesipho ukubonisa ithalente ehlukile endaweni ethile. Umbono ka-Terman wabangela izincazelo zamakhono, okungahlanganisi kuphela i-IQ ephezulu, kodwa futhi nomqondo wokuthi ubuhle kufanele bube yimpumelelo yokuphumelela komuntu omdala. Umbono kaHollingworth, Nokho, waholela ezinchasweni zobuhlakani njengengqondo yezingane ukuthi kumele ikhuliswe ukuze iqhutshwe ekukhuleni.
- Ubuphofu njengokwakhelela ukuphumelela kwabantu abadala
Izincazelo zezinkampani ezithinta ukuphumelela komdala zifaka izinto ezifana nokuzibophezela komsebenzi noma ukugqugquzela. Labo abachaza izipho ngale ndlela baqala ngokubheka abantu abadala abaye babonisa ukuphumelela okuyingqayizivele ensimini yabo ekhethiwe, njengo-Einstein, futhi basebenza emuva ukuze babone ukuthi yiziphi izici ngaphandle kwe-IQ ephakeme umuntu omdala abe nayo ebuntwaneni. Ingane ngaphandle kwalowo mfanelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-IQ, ayinayo isipho ngokuvumelana nalezi zincazelo. Isibonelo sikaRenzulli's Three-Ring of Giftedness. - Isipho njengoba Kungenzeka Okufanele Sikhuliswe
Izincazelo ezithatha isipho njengendlela yokuthuthukiswa zenza umehluko phakathi kwalokho ingane ekwazi ukufeza nokuthi yini ingane ezoyifinyelela. Iqiniso lokuthi ingane inekhono eliyingqayizivele liyingxenye yalokho okwenza ukuba anikwe amandla. Imvelo yengane inquma ukuthi kungase kuholele ekufezeni, ngakho-ke abantu abachaza ngale ndlela banikeza ukubaluleka kokunikeza indawo efanelekile. Isibonelo Sokuhlukanisa KaGagne seSipho neTalenta yisibonelo.
- Ubuphiko njengeNtuthuko Engenasisekelo
U-Linda Silverman wanezela ubukhulu obusha kuncazelo yezintambo lapho ehlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa okungalingani kwezingane ezinamakhono, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthuthukiswa okungenasisekelo. Izincazelo zezinkampani ezifaka ukuthuthukiswa okungenasisisekelo azicabangeli nje i-IQ ne talenta kuphela, kodwa nezici zemizwelo zezingane ezinamakhono, njengokuzwela okukhulu. Incazelo eyenziwe yiColumbus Group yisibonelo salolu hlobo lwencazelo. - Incazelo yeColumbus Group
"Ukunikezwa kwesipho 'kukuthuthukiswa okungenasisekelo' lapho amakhono okuqonda okuthuthukisiwe nokuqina okukhulu kuhlanganiswa ukudala okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphakathi nokuqwashisa okungafani kahle nokujwayelekile. Lokhu ku-asynchrony kwanda ngamandla okuqonda kwengqondo. ekuzalaneni, ekufundiseni nasekwelulekeni ukuze bahlakulele kahle. " (Columbus Group, ngo-1991)
- Izincazelo eziseSikole
Izikole zingasebenzisa incazelo yezinkono ngokusekelwe kwikhono elihlobene. Abafundi babonakala ukuthi benza kahle kangakanani uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abafundi esikoleni. Abafundi ezinkampanini eziphezulu eziyisi-5 noma ezingu-10 (noma ezinye izinombolo) yizo ezikhethwe njengezidingayo ikharikhulamu inselele kakhulu kunekharikhulamu evamile. Okufakwe kule ncazelo kunesizathu sokuthi umfundi okhonjiswe njengekhono esikoleni esisodwa angeke abonakale enekhono kwesinye isikole, eshiye abazali badideke.
Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi incazelo yekhono uthisha noma uthisha oyinhloko angasisiza ukwenza ukukhulumisana okungathandeki kancane nokukhiqiza kakhulu.