Ingabe Isikhathi Sokuvivinya Ingane Yakho Ngokwezinzuzo?
Ngaphambi kokuba avivinye ingane enesiphiwo esingcono , abazali kufanele bacabangele izici eziningi. Kukhona izinto eziningana okufanele uziqaphele ukuze ungaqiniseki kuphela emfundweni yengane yakho kodwa ukugwema izingibe ezivame kakhulu uma kungekho isizathu esicacile sokuhlola. Ake sibheke izizathu eziphezulu zokuthola izingane zivivinywe ngezipho, izinhlobo zokuhlolwa okufanele zizisebenzise, isikhathi esihle sokuhlola, kanye nemibandela okufanele uyibuze ukuze wenze isinqumo esihle kunane yakho.
Izizathu Eziningi Zokuhlola Izingane Ezifuywayo
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho isinekhono, ukuhlolwa kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde izidingo zakhe zokufunda, okufaka amandla kanye nobuthakathaka. Ngokukhomba izipho ngaphambi kwesikhathi, cishe amathuba okuba ingane yakho izokwenziwa ibe ngamatalenta.
Ukuhlola kungasiza ingane yakho ukuba ibekwe ohlelweni olunezipho , lapho ingahlakulela khona amandla akhe futhi ifunde ukuphatha noma ukuthuthukisa ubuthakathaka bakhe. Isipho singasetshenziswa endaweni eyodwa, futhi ukuhlola izingane ezinesipho kungabangela ekudaleni ukukhubazeka okufunda okudinga ukungenelela nokuhlala okukhethekile ezikoleni. Ngaphandle kokuhlola, lezi zibuthakathaka zivame ukushiywa indiva kwengane ehamba phambili kwezinye izindawo. Lolu lwazi lungasiza abazali ukuba bakhonze njengezingane ezikhethekile zemfundo yezingane zabo uma kunesidingo.
Nini Ukuhlola
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlola izingane ezinezintandokazi sisephakathi kweminyaka engu-4 no-8.
Ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4 kungase kubangele izikolo ezingathembekile ngoba ukuziphatha kwengane akunakulinganiswa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ akuvamile ukuqina kuze kube yilapho ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engama-5.
Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukubona izici zengane enekhono esemncane kakhulu . Esikhundleni sokuhlola, noma kunjalo, abazali kufanele babheke izindlela zokugcina ingane encane ibe inselele ngaphandle kokuba ngumzali oyinhloko .
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhetha ukugcina izingane ezinesinekhono kanye nabasenkulisa ezikhuthazwa ekhaya . Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenza ngezinhlamvu nokufunda ngamazwi aphikisayo , ukusebenzisana nezinombolo nezibalo zezintandokazi zezibalo, ukuvakashela iminyuziyamu yesayensi kanye nemvelo elondoloze isayensi ngokwesiphiwo, nobuciko kanye nobuciko ukuze ingane isinikezwe ubuciko. Izinhlelo zomculo, ezifana nesikolo somculo we-Yamaha, zenzelwe izingane ezincane (abaneminyaka engu-4 kuya ku-8) ukuhlola umculo ngesikhathi "i-window" yokufunda ngendlebe ivulekile, futhi imfundo yemculo ibonakala ingasiza kwezinye izifundo ezifana izibalo phansi komugqa.
Ukuhlolwa emva kweminyaka engu-8 kungabangela izikolo ezingalungile futhi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yithuba ingane okungenzeka ibe nayo uma ihlolwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi ezinamakhono ngeke zihlonzwe kanjalo kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-8. Uma kunjalo nangomntwana wakho, thola ukuthi ngabe isikole sizimisele ukuhlola yini futhi sisebenzise izikhundla zomsebenzi wengane yakho nezinye izinyathelo zokuhlola ubuhle bomntwana.
Ukungalungi ekuhlolweni kungabangelwa izici eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kokuhlolwa , ukuphelela okuphelele, nokungaphansi kokusebenza . Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ubuphiko buyashintsha futhi buyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobo Zemizamo Yokunika Izipho
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa abazali abacabanga ngazo lapho becabanga ukuhlolwa izingane zabo ezineziphiwo yizivivinyo ze-IQ nezivivinyo zokuphumelela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ: Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kulinganisa ikhono . Izikole ngokuvamile zinikeza izivivinyo zeqembu IQ, njenge-Otis-Lemmon. Izivivinyo ze-IQ ezizimele, njenge-WISC-IV, iStanford-Binet, noWeschler Intelligence Scale for Children ziyiqiniso kakhulu ezinganeni ezineziphiwo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ kuka-85-114 kufinyeleleke. Isivivinyo esiphakathi kuka-115 no-129 sibhekiswe ebubini obumnene, 130-144 ubuphofu obulinganisiwe, kanye no-145 kuya ku-159 ubuphi obuphezulu. Amanani aphezulu kunalawa acatshangwa ngokukhethekile noma anezipho ezinzulu. (Ukuhlolwa kwe-"genius" IQ kuye kwachazwa ngokomlando njenge-IQ kuka 160).
- Ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo: Ukuhlola okuphumelelayo kulinganisa lokho ingane isazi kakade . Izingane ezinesibalo akuzona ngempela ukuphumelela okuphezulu ngokusekelwe emabangeni esikoleni kodwa ngokwemvelo benza kahle ngokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe okuphakathi kwamaphesenti angu-95 no-99.
Zombili izinhlobo zovivinyo zinezinzuzo futhi zinezinkinga. Khuluma nezikhulu zesikole ukuze uthole umqondo ongcono wokuhlolwa owufanele kakhulu ingane yakho. Ukuhlanganiswa kokubili izivivinyo ze-IQ kanye nokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kuvame ukudingwa ukuze kuvunyelwe ohlelweni oluthile .
Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlolwa, izingane zingabuye zihlolwe ukuze zibone ukuthi zine "talente ehlukile" (njengezincwadi ezineminyaka engu-3 yokufunda isahluko) kanye nokugqugquzela kwangaphakathi.
Abahloli for Giftedness
Ubani okufanele aqhube ukuvivinya ngezipho? Kunconywa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngumuntu onokuhlangenwe nakho ekusebenzeni nezingane ezinezintandokazi. Uma kungenjalo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingase ingalungile. Isibonelo, umhloli uqala ngokubuza ingane imibuzo elula futhi uqhubeke ecela kuze ingane ingaphuthelwa inombolo ethile yokulandelana. Umhloli ohlangenwe nakho uzokwazi ukuqala ngemibuzo enzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingane ngeke ikwazi ukukhathala noma ukukhathazeka, okungabangela ingane ukuba yenze amaphutha. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaleni okuphansi nokungalungile. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungathola kanjani umuntu ukuhlola ingane yakho enekhono .
Izindleko zokuhlolwa okufakiwe
Ukuhlola kungadala noma yikuphi kusuka ku-$ 200 kuya ku-$ 700. Izinga eliphakathi liphakathi kuka- $ 500 no-$ 600 futhi ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi kokubili i-IQ nokuhlolwa kwempumelelo. Izindleko ziyafana noma ngabe umhloli unolwazi olunabantwana abanezintandokazi noma cha, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ubuza noma yikuphi umhloli ozayo mayelana nakho kwakhe. Abafundi abafunda iziqu ze-psychology eyunivesithi eliseduzane bangase bahlole ama-dollar angamakhulu amabili. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi abanalo ulwazi olunabantwana abanezintandokazi.
Imibuzo Yokubuza Ngokuhlolwa Kwamafuphi
Njengoba kuphawuliwe kule ngxoxo, kunezici eziningana okudingeka zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuthi ingane yakho ivivinyelelwe izipho. Ngaphambi kokubhalisela ukuhlolwa, qiniseka ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo elandelayo:
- Ingabe yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthi ingane yakho ihlolwe, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zokulinda?
- Uma ingane yakho ibonakala inesipho, lokhu kuzothinta kanjani imfundo yakhe? Yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo ozothatha?
- Yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele ingane yakho ihlole, futhi lezi ziqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izivivinyo ngaphandle?
- Iyini ingemuva nesipiliyoni somuntu owenza ukuhlolwa? Zingaki abafundi abanekhono abaye bahlangabezana nakho?
- Kungani umhloli wangena kule nsimu? (Abahloli bangase babe nesithakazelo esikhethekile kubantwana abanesipho ngezizathu zomuntu siqu njengokuthi babe nezingane ezinekhono).
- Iyini izindleko zokuhlola? Kungaba yini izindleko zezinguquko zemfundo ezenziwe uma ingane yakho isinezipho ngempela?
- Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ukuhlola?
- Iyini isisusa sakho sokuhlola? Isibonelo, ingabe ukubona ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho ingayithola yini imvume yokuthola uhlelo oluthile, ingabe ukuqinisekiswa kwalokho okubonayo, noma ingabe ukuphikisana namazwana abanye abantu abadala abangayenza mayelana nokuthi akufanele yini uphonse ingane yakho?
- Ungayiphatha yini ingane yakho ngokuhlukile uma wazi ukuthi unesipho?
Ngezansi Kulokho Okufanele Ukwazi Ngaphambi Kokuvivinya Ngesipho
Ukuvivinya izipho ezinganeni kungavula iminyango ngokusiza ingane ukuba ithuthukise lezo zipho ngamathalenta. Kodwa isikhathi sibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kungaba okungalungile ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4, kanti abazali bayo abangenakwenzeka bazokwenza noma yini ehlukile uma ingane yabo ihlolwe ngempela njengezipho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abazali bazo zonke izingane, abanesipho noma cha, banikeza ithuba ingane encane ukuba ihlole izintshisekelo zayo futhi zifunde.
Ukuhlola kungabuye kube okungalungile kwengane engaphezu kweminyaka engu-8, nakuba izingane eziningi zingabonakali ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi. Uma ingane yakho ikhulile kunalokhu, khuluma nabothisha nabahloli bakhe mayelana nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi olungasiza, njengama-portfolios.
Uma ukhetha ukuba ingane yakho ihlolwe, qiniseka ukuthola umhloli onokuhlangenwe nakho osebenza nezingane ezinesiphiwo. Njengomuntu kungase kube ngumthombo omuhle uma kubonakala sengathi ingane yakho inesipho. Okokugcina, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho isinekhono noma cha, thatha isikhashana ukuhlola imibono ekukhuliseni ingane yakho enesipho .
> Umthombo:
> Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yabantwana Abanikazi. Ukuhlola nokuhlolwa. https://www.nagc.org/mithombo-publications/gifted-education-practices/identification/tests-assessments