Umntwana Wakho Emasontweni Eyishumi Nane Endala

UKathleen Huggins, encwadini yakhe ethi Nursing Mother's Companion, ubiza isikhathi kusukela eseceleni komntwana kuze kube yinyanga yesithupha ngokuthi 'Isikhathi Semivuzo.' Uyichaza ngokuthi "uyathandeka futhi ujabule," lapho "omama abaningi bezwa bekhululekile futhi beqiniseka.

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Izinkinga zokubeletha

Noma kunjalo, nakuba ukuncelisa ingane kuvame ukuhamba kahle uma ingane yakho ineminyaka eyizinyanga ezintathu ubudala, ungase uqhubeke ungene ezinkingeni ezithile, njenge:

• ekwenzeni ubisi oluningi kakhulu - lokhu kuvamise ukumangalela omama abancancisayo abaqale bakhathazeke ngokuthi abenzi ubisi ngokwanele . Manje, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yabo ilele ubusuku bonke, bangathola ukuthi banesisindo esiningi kakhulu sesifuba futhi bazizwa behlanganiswe ngenkathi balinde umntwana wabo ukuba aphinde asondle ekuseni. Kulesi simo, kungasiza ekunceliseni isifuba esisodwa ngesikhathi sokudla, ukushintsha njalo umhlengikazi wakho ingane yakho. Futhi-ke, uma uzizwa ugcwele noma uhlanganisiwe, ngesandla uveza noma uphonsa ubisi lwebele olusuka kwesinye isifuba phakathi kokuphakelayo.
• izimpi zokwelapha - okuyinto engumntwana okungazelelwe angafuni ukulincelisa. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kumntwana olungele ukondla, okwenzeka ngokujwayelekile kancane kancane.
• ukuzuza okunciphisa umzimba - ingane encane enenyanga ezintathu kumele izuze okungenani isigamu sezinyoni ngosuku. Uma ingane yokuncelisa isisu isinciphisa noma ingabi nesisindo kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi ngoba ayinakekeli kaningi noma ngenxa yokuthi ukondla ubisi lwebele lukancipha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, udokotela wezingane kanye / noma umcebisi we-lactation angasiza ukuthi ingane ithole ukudla kangcono noma ikhulise ukondla ubisi lwebele.
• ukubuyela emsebenzini - okungabangela izinkinga zokuhambisa ubisi, ikakhulukazi uma umama oncelisayo engaqhubeki ngenkathi esebenza.
• ukwelashwa emphakathini - njengoba omama belusebeletha baqala ukuthatha abantwana babo emphakathini njengoba bekhula, ukuncelisa emphakathini yinto engenza lezi zivakashi zibe lula kakhulu.

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Baby Massage

Ukushiswa kwezingane ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengendlela eyinkimbinkimbi noma ukwelashwa ekunciphiseni igesi noma colic, kodwa futhi kungaba nje into ejabulisayo yokwenza uma udinga ukuzola noma ukudlala nomntanakho.

Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibikiwe zokuncelisa umntwana ukuthi zingasiza ingane yakho:

• Nethezeka
• isibopho nabanakekeli bakhe
• ukukhulumisana kahle nabanakekeli bakhe
• ulale kangcono
• ukukhulula ubuhlungu

Futhi-ke, ukusikwa kwezingane kungamane kube mnandi umzali akwenzele ingane yakhe.

Ukufunda Baby Baby Massage

Enye indlela elula yokuqalisa nge-massage yezingane ukufunda incwadi, njengencwadi ethandwayo - Massage yezingane, i-Handbook yabazali abanothando ngu-Vimala Schneider McClure noma i-Baby Massage, Ukunciphisa Ukunciphisa Ukukhula Okunempilo ngu-Suzanne Reese.

Ungaphinda ufunde ukusikwa komntwana kusuka kumfundisi oqinisekiswe yi-International Association of Massage Infant.

_Imithombo

> Ukushisa kwezingane kanye nezingane ukudlala: ukugqugquzela ukuthinta nokuvuselela ebusheni. Moyse K - Nursing Paediatr - 01-JUN-2005; 17 (5): 30-2.

> Ukushisa kwezingane: ukuthinta okuhlala njalo. Umsikazi wePigeon-Owen K - Pract - 01-SEP-2007; 10 (8): 27-9, 31.

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Umzila Wokuphuza Ovinjiwe

Umzila ovaliwe wezinyembezi uvela lapho umgwaqo ongekho emthethweni, ogcwala izinyembezi esweni empeni, uvinjelwe (ngenxa yezigameko ezifana nokutheleleka noma ukuhlukumezeka) noma, ngokuvamile, kuvinjelwe kusukela ekuzalweni (ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa komzimba okungavamile).

Insana enomkhumbi wezinyembezi ovinjiwe uzovame uku:

• babe nama-teary
• unamehlo avela enqanyuliwe futhi ehluthwe ngokukhipha, ngoba impahla ye-mucoid evame ukukhiqizwa esikhwameni esilahlekile ibuyele ehlokweni, esikhundleni sokudwengula umgwaqo ongenalutho emphuleni
• unobomvu obuseduze kwamehlo akhe ngoba ubaxosha kakhulu

Ngenhlanhla, amacala amaningi okuvimbela izinyembezi azisiwe, kodwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• massage engahlambuluki, lapho ugeza khona ingxenyeni yangaphakathi yengane yengane yakho izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 ngosuku
• ukuhlanza noma yikuphi ukukhishwa noma indaba emehlweni nge-washcloth efudumele
• I-antibiotic iso iyancipha uma ukuphuma kwamehlo kuphenduka ngokweqile, njengokungathi uma usula ukususa ngaphezulu kuka 2 noma kathathu ngosuku
• antibiotics ngomlomo uma ingane yakho iveza izimpawu ze-dacryocystitis, isifo esingaholela ekukhunjini, ukubomvu nokubuhlungu

Uma umkhumbi wezinyembezi ovinjiwe wengane wakho ungashiyi uqobo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eneminyaka engu-9 kuya kweyishumi nambili ubudala, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe nge-neasolamal duct probing kungadingeka. Kule nqubo, i-ophthalmologist yezingane izofaka iprobhethi emgwaqeni ongenawo wonke umuntu, ezama ukususa noma yini evimbela ukuhamba. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-stent ye-canalicular, uhlobo lwe-tubylic tube, ifakwe engxenyeni ye-nasolamalmal if iqhubeka ivinjelwe.

_Imithombo

> Ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa kokuvinjelwa komzimba okungavamile. I-Kapadia MK - I-Otolaryngol Clin North Am - 01-OCT-2006; 39 (5): 959-77, vii.

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Amathiphu Okunakekela Abantwana - Isikhukhula

Ingane yakho kungenzeka ibe nokukhwehlela njalo.

Nakuba abazali bevame ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ingane yabo ingase ibe ne-pneumonia uma ikhwehlela, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhwehlela ezinganeni ezincane zihlanganisa ubanda obuvamile, i- croup , i-RSV, ne-allergies.

Ngokuvamile, okubaluleke kunokuba kube khona ukukhwehlela okulula ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho inezinye izimpawu noma cha. Lezi ezinye izimpawu zingasiza ukunquma ukuthi ingane yakho inesimo esibi kakhulu esibangela ukukhwehlela, futhi ingafaka:

• ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okunzima
• ukukhathazeka
• umkhuhlane
• ukunciphisa ukudla

Ukwelashwa Kwesikhumba

Ngeshwa, nayo yonke imingcele kanye nezixwayiso emithini emakhaza abantwabanyana, akukhona ngempela ukucindezela ukukhwehlela izingane ezincane. Lokhu kungase kukushiye nezinye izixazululo zasemakhaya eziphawulekayo lapho usana lwakho lunomkhuhlane, njengalokhu:

• usebenzisa i- mist humidifier epholile .
• ukuthatha ingane yakho egumbini lokugezela, ukuvala umnyango nokuguqula onke amanzi ashisayo ukudala ukugeza okufudumele, nokuvumela ingane yakho iphefumule emswakeni ofudumele, omanzi. Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi lapho ingane yakho ivuka phakathi nobusuku nokukhwehlela okunjengegag of croup .
• ukumnika izinto ezipholile zokuphuza, njengejusi, ngaphezu kokudla kwakhe okuvamile kwesibisi sesifuba noma ifomula lesana eliqinile
• ukubukeza uhlelo lwesenzo somntwana we-asthma futhi unikeze umuthi wakhe we-reliever uma une-asthma futhi ucabanga ukuthi kubangela ukukhwehlela kwakhe

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukukhwehlela kwengane kungabangelwa inkinga egijima kanye ne-post-nasal drip, kungasiza futhi ukubeka amaconsi ambalwa amaconsi emanzini emanzini emakhaleni akho, angasiza ekunciphiseni i-mucus ekhaleni lakhe. Lindela iminithi noma emibili, bese uyisondeza nge-aspirator yangasese eyenzelwe izingane.

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Iveki I-Q & A Eyishumi nambili - Ukuvimbela Izifo Zendlebe

Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe ezinganeni kuyinkinga ejwayelekile futhi ekhungathekisa abazali.

Ngenhlanhla, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusiza ukunciphisa amathuba omntanakho wokuthola izifo eziningi zezindlebe. Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, enye yezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho yokuthola ukutheleleka indlebe ukumane unciphise ukuthi yikuphi ukushisa nezifo ezingaphezulu zokuphefumula ezithola. Lokho kunengqondo ngoba izifo zendlebe zihamba njalo noma zilandela ukushisa. Indlela kuphela yokunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho yokuthola umkhuhlane ukuyiyeka kude nezinye izingane ezigulayo, kodwa akuyona njalo ewusizo, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho isemuva.

Ezinye izinto ezingasiza ukunciphisa inani lokutheleleka indlebe ingane yakho okungenzeka ukuthi unayo ukulawula okungaphezulu kuhlanganisa:

• ukuncelisa ingane yakho okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha
• hhayi ukufaka ibhodlela lomntanakho uma ephuza
• ukuthatha noma ukunciphisa ukuthi ingane yakho isebenzisa kanjani i-pacifier uma ineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala
• ungabhemi umntanakho, ukhumbula ukuthi ngisho nokubhema ngaphandle kwendlu yakho lapho ingane yakho engekho nxazonke kungandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwezindlebe
• uqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola umgomo wokugoma i-pneumococcal conjugate ( Prevnar ), engasiza ekunciphiseni izifo zendlebe
• ukuthole ingane yakho umkhuhlane edonsela umnyaka ngonyaka phakathi nesikhuhlane

I-AAP ichaza ukuthi izifo zendlebe zingagijima emndenini, ngakho kungaba umqondo omuhle ukwenza konke ongakwenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yengane yakho yokugula ngoba ingane yakho iningi kakhulu futhi idinga amathebhu.

_Umthombo

> Isiqondiso se-AAP Clinical Practice Guideline. Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Acute Otitis Media. I-PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 5 Meyi 2004, iphe. 1451-1465.

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Izinyo Zokuqala Zengane

Ngokumangazayo, isikhathi sokufika lapho izinyo lokuqala kwengane yakho zingashintsha kancane.

Nakuba isilinganiso seminyaka yokuthola izinyo zokuqala ezinyangeni ezingu-6, ezinye izinsana azizitholi izinyo zokuqala kuze kube yilapho zineminyaka engu-14 noma engu-15 ubudala. Abanye bangase baqale ukuzithokozisa futhi bathole izinyo zokuqala ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Amazinyo aphansi, aphakathi nendawo (ngokuvamile ama-incisors) afika kuqala, alandelwa amazinyo angenhla, aphakathi amabili. I-incisors ye-lateral, amazinyo e-canine, owokuqala, bese-ke ama-molars wesibili alandela kuze kube yilapho wonke amazinyo angama-20 ekhona ngenkathi ingane yakho ineminyaka engaba ngu-2 kuya kwe-3 ubudala.

Khumbula ukuthi izingane eziningi azilandeli leli phethini elijwayelekile futhi amazinyo azo angena ngokungahleliwe.

I-Teething

Abazali bavame ukucabanga ukuthi izingane zabo zithinta lapho ziqala ukuwa phansi bese zifaka iminwe emlonyeni wazo uma zinezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine ubudala.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuvele kube yinto ejwayelekile yokuthuthukiswa futhi ayihlangene nalokho okwenzekayo. Ngokuvamile, ngisho noma izinsana zinezibonakaliso zakudala, 'ngeke zithole izinyo zabo zokuqala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma ngezinye izikhathi zingakapheli unyaka. Ngakho-ke uze ubone izinsini ezivuvukalayo noma lezo zinyosi zokuqala zingena, noma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu zingase zibe nje ngokungahambi kahle.

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Isaziso sempilo - Ukuhluleka Ukuphumelela

Odokotela bezingane nabazali bavame ukusebenzisa amashadi okukhula ekuhloliseni kwengane kahle kwengane kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi bazuza kangakanani isisindo.

Ukuhluleka Ukuphumelela

Ngenkathi iningi lezingane zithola isisindo kahle, ngisho noma zihamba phezulu noma ezansi phansi ishadi layo lokukhula kancane, ezinye izingane zithatha isisindo noma ezingenayo isisindo kahle ngokwanele. Lezi zinsana zinezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka ukukhula (FTT) futhi ngokusho kweNelson Textbook of Pediatrics zivame ukutholakala zibe nokukhula okungukuthi "ukukhula ngaphansi kwe-3rd noma 5th percentile noma ushintsho ekukhuleni okuye kwawela ama-percentile amabili amakhulu okukhula. "

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ayitholi isisindo kahle, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wezingane zakho, ongabheka imbangela ebalulekile. Uma udokotela wakho wezingane esolwa ukuthi ingane yakho ihluleka ukuphumelela, izimo ingane yakho ingahlolwa ngazo zingabandakanya, kodwa azikhawulelwe ku:

• izinkinga zamathunjini - reflux, isifo se-celiac, ukubekezelelana kokudla kanye nokugula, i-malabsorption, izifo zesibindi
• izinkinga ze-endocrine - i-hypothyroidism, isifo sikashukela, ukukhula kwe-hormone yokuntuleka, kanye nokukhathazeka kwe-adrenal
• ukutheleleka - isifo sofuba, isifo sengculaza, ukugoma kwamathumbu kanye nokutheleleka kwamagciwane
• izinkinga ze-heart kanye nephaphu - isifuba se-asthma, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ekhululekile, i-cystic fibrosis, i-obnetive obstructive sleep apnea
• izimo ezihlukahlukene - izifo zokungcolisa umzimba, ukungavamile kwe-chromosomal, i-syndromes yokubeletha, ukuhogela ubuthi, umdlavuza, izinkinga ezingenangqondo zezinso

Ngaphandle kwezimo zezokwelapha ezingaholela ekuhlulekeni, izingane zingakwazi ukulahlekelwa isisindo noma ukungabi nesisindo esimpofu uma nje zinganikezwa ngokwanele ukudla (ukuhluleka kwengqondo kwengqondo ukuphumelela).

_Imithombo

> Ukuhluleka Ukuphumelela. Behrman: uNelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th ed.

> Ukuhluleka ukuphumelela. UKrugman SD - Am Fam Physician - 1-SEP-2003; 68 (5): 879-84.