Izingane Zakho Ngeviki Leshumi Nesithathu (Ezinyangeni Ezinhlanu Zedlule)

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Ukudla for Baby

Enyangeni yesithathu yengane yakho, ukumondla kusekuhle kakhulu.

Kule minyaka yobudala, ingane yakho isadinga nje isifuba sebele noma uma ungamncelisi, iyakudinga ingane encane ye-iron.

Ingabe yisikhathi sokudla kakade noma ukudla okwamanje? Cha, izinyanga ezintathu zingase ziqale ukudla kwasekuseni. Iningi labantwana alungele ukudla kwezingane kuze kube yizinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala.

Ukuqala Ukudla Kwezingane Eziqinile

Uyazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yakho ilungele uketshezi noma ukudla okunye kwezingane?

Ngenkathi ezinye izingane zilungele izinyanga ezine, ezinye azilungele baze zikhule. Khumbula ukuthi isisindo somntanakho noma iminyaka yobudala yedwa asinqumelani ukulungela kwakhe ukudla okuqinile.

Nazi ezinye izibonakaliso zokubheka lokho okuzokutshela ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho ilungele ukuqala ukudla okuqinile , ukudla kokuqala okuqinisayo kwezingane ngokuvamile kuyisithombo selayisi esinezinsimbi:

• Uphethe ikhanda lakhe liqinile futhi uyakwazi ukuhlala ngokusekela.
• Ufika futhi ubonise isithakazelo ekudleni.
• Uvula umlomo wakhe uma ebona ukudla.
• Akasalusi ulimi lwakhe ngesikhathi esondla, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukugcina ukudla emlonyeni wakhe bese uyagwinya. Ngokuvamile ulimi oluxubile lwama-reflex luyiphi imingcele eyenza izingane zisuke zisuka ekuqaleni kwe-cereal.
• Uyakwazi ukuguqula ikhanda lakhe uma egcwele ukuze ungabikho engozini yokudlula ingane yakho ngokweqile.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ilungele ukudla okuqinile ngaphambi kokuba uyinike yona. Asikho isizathu esihle sokumxosha ukuba adle ukudla okuqinile ngaphambi kokuba alungele.

Khumbula ukuthi i-American Academy of Pediatrics iyeluleka "ukuncelisa ngokukhethekile okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6," kodwa ukuvimbela ukungenwa kwe-iron anemia, i-AAP iphakamisa ukuthi izingane ezibelethwe ngamabele kuphela zizofakwa nge-iron ngomlomo baze baqale ukudla ukudla okunezinsimbi ezindala Izinyanga ezine kuya kwezingu-6 ubudala.

_Imithombo:

_{Umbiko wezokwelapha we-American Academy of Pediatrics. Ukuxilonga nokuvimbela ukutholakala kwe-Iron kanye ne-Iron-Deficiency Inemililo ye-Anemia ezinsaneni nasezingane ezincane (iminyaka engu-0-3 yobudala). Izingane zokwelapha 2010; 126: 1040-1050.}

_{Isitatimende Senqubomgomo Yase-American Academy of Pediatrics: Ukuncelisa Nokusetshenziswa Kwebisi Lomuntu. I-Pediatrics 2012; 129: 3 e827-e841}

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Izindlela zokungena emini ezinganeni

Abazali bavame ukucabangela futhi babuze ukuthi yini ingane yabo okufanele iyenze ebusuku. Ingane yabo kufanele ilele isikhathi esingakanani? Bazolala nini ubusuku bonke?

Nakuba le mibuzo ebalulekile, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi ingane yakho kufanele yenzani emini. Eqinisweni, isimiso somntanakho sosuku lwangasese singathinta ngisho nalokho akwenzayo ebusuku. Isibonelo, umntwana oweqa ngokweqile cishe ngeke alale ebusuku.

Izikhalazo Zengane Yakho

Ngenyanga yesithathu yengane yakho, ngaphezu kokulala amahora angaba ngu-7 kuya kwangu-9 ebusuku, cishe uzolala amahora amane nesigamu emini. Lokhu kulala kwansuku zonke kuzokuhlukaniswa phakathi kokubili kuya kwesine kwe- naps kwansuku zonke okwehlukanisiwe usuku lonke.

Izindlela Zomntwana Wakho

Ngakho-ke, uma ubuthongo phakathi kokulala nobusuku ingane yakho ilele cishe amahora angu-13 ngosuku, lokho kusho ukuthi uqala ukuchitha isikhathi esithile siphapheme. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, uzophinde ube nesikhathi esiningi manje sokubamba, ukukhuluma, ukuya ngezinyawo, nokudlala nomntanakho.

Uthola kanjani ingane yakho ngesimiso esihle semini? Ngithemba ukuthi ukuphasiswa kokufunwa kwengane yakho kusenesikhathi kuyishukumisela ukuba abe nesimiso esihle semini yedwa. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukumane unamathele esimisweni esingaguquguquki usuku ngalunye, okungavumela ukuguquguquka okuthile kodwa akufanele kube okungahleliwe noma okungahle kwenzeke.

Ukugcina ingane yakho ohlelweni, ingasiza eku:

• Zama futhi uhlele usuku lwakho oluseduze nesimiso somntanakho
• Qaphela izikhathi lapho umntwana wakho angase aphelelwe yisikhathi, njengalapho ehamba ngokukhula noma egula
• Namathela esimweni esifanayo phakathi nesonto nangezimpelasonto
• Zama ukumenza isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphaphama, ngakho-ke uzobe esethemba ukuthi uzolala kakhulu ebusuku.
• Ukwengeza kokunakekelwa kokudla nokudla, zama ukuhlela ezinye izinto ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengesikhathi sokulala somntanakho, okugeza, kanye nesikhathi sokudlala

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Izivakashi Ezigulayo Nezingane Zakho

Ngaphambi kokuya ekuvakasheni kwakho okulandelayo ngodokotela wezingane lapho ingane yakho igula, ungathatha isilinganiso esithile ukuze ukwandise isikhathi sakho nodokotela:

1) Zibuze ukuthi kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho?

Khumbula ukuthi iningi labahlengikazi lababona iziguli ezigulayo, ikakhulukazi ezinkingeni ezinjengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bezindlebe, noma umphimbo obuhlungu, ngosuku olufanayo ozolibiza ngalo. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukungena ehhovisi lezingane zakho lapho ingane yakho igula, kungenzeka ukuthi sekuvele isikhathi sokushintsha odokotela.

2) Yenza uhlu lwemibuzo kudokotela wakho.

Abazali bavame ukukhohlwa imibuzo yabo ngesikhathi bevakashelwa. Ngaphandle kokuba zibaluleke kakhulu futhi zidinga ukuphendulwa ucingo olusheshayo ehhovisi, qala ukubhala imibuzo njengoba beza kuwe, futhi ulethe lolu hlu ekuvakasheleni okulandelayo.

3) Buza imibuzo ngaphambi kokuhamba.

Ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho igula, ezinye izinto okufanele wazi ngaphambi kokuba uhambe ehhovisi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuxilongwa kwengane yakho
• Uma ingane yakho iqala ukuphuthuma nokuthi ngabe uhlelo luyoba yini uma engekho (njengokungathi uyomemeza nje, buyela emuva, noma uthole imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ikhemisi)
• Izimpawu noma izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi ingane yakho iyaqhubeka ihamba phambili
• Uma kufanele ubuyele ekuqokweni okulandelwayo (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emibhalweni eminingi engapheli njenge-asthma kanye ne-allergies)
• Kumele uthathe isikhathi esingakanani imithi enqunyiwe nemiphumela yaso emibi
• Uma ingane yakho ingabe isasasazeka futhi ingabuyela ekunakekelwa kwesikhashana noma esikoleni

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Ukuphepha kwe-Stroller

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba nge-$ 800 kuya ku-$ 1,000 eStroll noma ku-Bugaboo noma umhamba wemali engu-$ 40 kuya ku-50, okungenani uzothola okuningi okuvela kumgibeli womntwana wakho eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala.

Khumbula ukuthi akubona bonke abahamba ngezinyawo abaklanyelwe ukusetshenziselwa nezingane ezisencane. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi lezo ezingaguquki ngokugcwele zingasetshenziselwa izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala ngoba zingenaso ukulawula okuhle kwekhanda okwamanje. Isistimu yokuhamba noma ifreyimu yokuphatha isihlalo esikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise isihlalo somoto wengane yakho kungaba yindlela ehlukile kule minyaka. Ukuthutha noma ukuhamba ngemoto / ukuhamba ngezimoto kukhona ezinye izinketho.

Amanye amathiphu wokuphepha uma usebenzisa umshayeli womntwana afaka ukuthi:

• Funda imiyalo ngokucophelela ukuze uhlangane kahle nomqhubi wakho.
• Buyekeza umkhawulo wokuphakama nesisindo somqhubi womntwana wakho, uqonde ukuthi abahambahambayo bangaba nomkhawulo wesisindo esingama-35 kuya kwangu-50, kuye ngokuthi unaphi.
• Ukulondeka ingane yakho ku-stroller usebenzisa ama-straps ayo.
• Uma isetshenziswe endaweni ekhonjiwe, qiniseka ukumboza ukuvuleka komlenze ukuze ingane yakho ingakwazi ukuphuma.
• Gwema ukunamathisela izindebe ku-stroller ngoba zingasula kalula futhi zishise ingane yakho.
• Vala ama-brake kumgibeli womntwana wakho lapho ungadluli futhi ungashiyi ingane yakho yedwa esitokisini sakhe.
• Gcina iminwe yomntanakho kude ne-stroller uma uyivula futhi uyivale ukuze ingabanjwanga.
• Qinisekisa ukukhiya noma ukugoba umgibeli ovulekile uma uyivula.
• Ungabeki noma yiziphi izinto ezinzima ezibhebheni, ezingabangela umqhubi ukuba abuyele emuva.
• Vikela ingane yakho elangeni, emoyeni, noma ezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-canopy, ikhava ekhishwayo, isikrini selanga , kanye nenambuzane ephikisayo emntwaneni wakho lapho esesitokisini.

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Runny Noses

Ikhala eligijimayo yisimo esivamile izingane ezitholayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubangelwa ukugula, isifo se-sinus, noma ukugula, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukufunda ukuthi ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho izwe kangcono uma iphethe impumu egijima.

Izixazululo zaseKhaya ze-Runny Elections

Ikakhulukazi zonke izixwayiso zamuva mayelana nokunganiki izingane ezincane imishanguzo ebandayo, kungaba usizo ukwazi ezinye izikhambi zasemakhaya ezingabandakanyi empeleni ukunikeza ingane yakho imithi ebandayo.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ekhaya zingabandakanya:

• Ukusebenzisa i- mist humidifier epholile .
• Ukubeka amaconsi ambalwa we-saline nasal emanzini emntanakho, angasiza ekunciphiseni i-mucus ekhaleni lomntanakho, elinde iminithi eyodwa noma emibili, bese uyisondeza nge-aspirator yangasese eyenzelwe izingane.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ihlanzekile ngokuqhubeka nokuncelisa noma ukuphuza ifomula lomntanakhe. Uma engabonakali uphuza, mnike ama-ounces ambalwa esisombululo se-electrolyte njengePedialyte, noma esikhundleni sokudla ngamunye.
• Ukunika ingane yakho ubuhlungu noma ukuvuselelwa komkhuhlane uma kubonakala sengathi i-fussy, kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo nge-acetaminophen (iTylenol) noma ibuprofen (i-Motrin noma i-Advil), nakuba ibuprofen kufanele inikwe kuphela uma ingane yakho ineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala.

Uma usebenzisa i-aspirator yangasese noma i-bulb yokuncoma, cindezela i-bulb ngaphambi kokuyibeka ekhaleni lomntwana wakho. Lokhu kukhishwa kukhishwa umoya futhi kusiza ukwakha. Ungabeka kahle ubeke isibhamu se-bulb ekhaleni lomntanakho bese ukhulula kancane isibhamu.

Ukushayela udokotela wakho wezingane

Ngokuvamile, kufanele ubize udokotela wezingane uma inkinga yakho yengane iqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10, uma ingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ubudala futhi inomkhuhlane, inenkinga yokuphefumula, noma ibonakala ingenangqondo futhi ingaxhunyiwe.

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Umbala wezimpawu zokuhamba

Umbala wokunyakaza kwesisu somntwana wakho akubaluleke kangako kunokuba abazali abaningi bacabange.

Ngenkathi umbala kungaba uphawu lokuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yemathunjini, njengegciwane lesisu noma ukubekezelelana kokudla, kungenzeka nje ukuba kube evamile uma ingane yakho ingenayo ezinye izimpawu.

Lapho ukuhamba kwezinyosi kuluhlaza, lokho kusho ukuthi ukudla kuhamba emathunjini omntanakho kunokuba kube ngesizathu esithile. Lokhu kungabangelwa yisifo sohudo noma ukudla okuphezulu kwe-fiber , kepha kungase kube okuvamile.

Izimpawu ukuthi ukunyakaza kokubeletha komntwana wakho kungabangelwa isimo sezokwelapha kungabandakanya ukuthi ingane yakho ibuye ifane, i-gassy, ​​ihudo, noma ihlanza. Lezi zimpawu ezingeziwe zingasho ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo, njengokuthi i-rotavirus, noma ukungahambisani nokuthile okudlayo. Uma ingane yakho ibeletha, ukunyakaza okuhlaza okwehlaza nezinye izimpawu kungase kube uphawu lokungabekezelelani kokuthile umama wakhe odlayo noma ophuzayo, njengobisi noma ushizi.

Ingane yakho ingase ibe nezihlalo eziphuzi uma igciwane lesisu.

Imibala Yokugcina

Nakuba abazali bakhathazeka ngezitshalo eziluhlaza, ngokuvamile kuhambelana nokunye, futhi kufanele ubize udokotela wezingane uma ukunyakaza kwengane yakho kungukuthi:

• Ubomvu obomvu - isibonakaliso sokuphaphaza okusebenzayo endaweni ethile emathunjini noma ngokuvamile, kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwe-rectum kusuka ekuqotheni
• Umnyama - uphawu lokuphuma egazini noma emathunjini amancane, kodwa okuvame ukuthi kubangele nokuba isitebe sibe khona futhi sihlambe (melena)
• I-pale noma inemibala enobumba - isibonakaliso sokuthi akukho bhala esitokisini

Khumbula ukuthi i-Omnicef, i-antibiotic evame ukusetshenziswa, ingenza ukunyakaza kwengane yengane kubonakale kubomvu noma i-orange ngenxa yokuthi ixhumana kanjani nensimbi.

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Inqola Yokuphepha Yokuthenga

Abazali abaningi abacabangi kabili ngokufaka ingane yabo enqoleni yokuthenga lapho beya ezitolo Emva kwakho konke, kulula. Futhi kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ihamba futhi ilandela imiyalo, kungabonakala sengathi yedwa kuphela ozokwenza lapho uthenga nezingane zakho.

Ukuvumela ingane yakho ukugibele enqoleni yokuthenga kuyingozi. I-American Academy of Pediatrics ibika ukuthi izingane ezingaba ngu-24 000 ngonyaka zilashwa ezibhedlela eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngenxa yokulimala okuhlobene nenqola.

Eqinisweni, ngokusho kwe-US Consumer Product Safety Commission, "kuvela emakethe amathengi kungenye yezimbangela zokulimala kwekhanda ezinganeni ezincane."

Awukwazi yini nje ukunamathisela isithwathwa somntwana wengane yakho ebhasikisini lenqola yokuthenga? Lokhu empeleni kungenza inqola yokuthenga ibe nzima kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi iphoqe ngaphezulu.

Ukugcina izingane zakho ziphephile lapho uthenga futhi ngenkathi ezungeze ezitolo zithwala zingasiza:

• Gwema ukuthenga izinqola futhi usebenzise umqhubi noma ugqoke ingane yakho esikhundleni sokuthwala noma ukugoqa
• Zama futhi uthenge lapho omunye umuntu angabuka izingane zakho ukuze kungadingeki ukubalethe nawe noma ulethe omunye umuntu ukuthi abukele izingane zakho ngenkathi uthenga
• Sebenzisa amabhande esikhwameni esinqoleni futhi ungavumeli ingane yakho igibele ebhasikisini noma ngaphandle kwenqola uma kufanele usebenzise inqola yezitolo
• bheka izinqola zokuthenga ezenzelwe izingane, ezinjengezinhlobo zemoto enamathiselwe

Kufanele ugweme ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa amathrekhi ezitolo uma unezingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Iningi lokulimala inqola yenqola kwenzeka lapho ingane yakhulile izama ukungena ngaphandle noma iqhume inqola esenayo kakade encane egibele kuyo, ebangela ukuba iphoqe.

_Imithombo:

> Isitatimende senqubomgomo ye-AAP. Inqola Yokuthenga-Ukulimala Okuhlobene Nezingane. I-PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 2 Agasti 2006, iphe. 825-827.

> IKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabasebenzisi base-US. Inqola Yokuphepha Yokuphepha Yokuthenga.