Yini Ongayilindela Ngomntwana Wakho Emadolobheni amahlanu Asekhulile

Abazali bavame ukumangala ukuthi ingane yabo isanda kuqeda, noma kungenzeka ukuthi bangaphuthelwa lesi sifundo sokuqala.

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Ukuphothula iziqu ku-Infancy

Ukuphothula iziqu?

Yebo, uphumelele.

Ngemuva kweviki ezine, noma usuku lweshumi nesishiyagalolunye ukucaca, ingane yakho isanda kuba "usana."

Ngamaviki amane okubeletha umntwana omusha ngaphansi kwamabhande abo, abazali abasha bangabheka lokhu njengendlela yokuqeqesha. Bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi bayaphumelela kusukela ezinsukwini lapho bebuya ekhaya besuka esibhedlela futhi kungenzeka besaba ukuthi "bayophula" ingane yabo njalo lapho bemthatha. Ngenyanga yesibili yomntanakho, abazali abaningi banethezekile kakhulu futhi banethemba lokuthi bayakwazi ukunakekela ingane yabo.

Futhi cabanga ukuthi uzoba nesibindi kangakanani ngokwengeziwe ekuqedeni kwesikole esilandelayo - lapho eba ingane encane ...

Izincazelo ezijwayelekile zezinsuku nezigaba zomntwana zihlanganisa:

• Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa noma ezithandekayo - ukuzalwa kwezinsuku ezingu-28
• Ingane - izinyanga ezingu-1 kuya kwezi-12
• Izingane ezincane - iminyaka engu-1 ukuya kwezingu-3
• Izingane zasenkulisa - iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengu-5
• Isikhathi SeSikole - iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi nane
• I-Preteen noma i-Tween - iminyaka engu-11 kuya ku-12
• Intsha - 13 nangaphezulu

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Ukubeletha Ngenyanga yesibili

Ingabe udokotela wakho wezingane kanye nabasebenzi basehhovisi basekela ukuncelisa ?

Ngakho konke okuyaziwayo ngezinzuzo zokuncelisa kokubili umama nengane, kufanele ucabange "ngempela udokotela wami uzosekela ekunceliseni ingane."

Ngeshwa, lokho akunjalo njalo. Futhi ngokuvamile akusho ukuthi banakho okumelene nokuncelisa, kodwa kunalokho, abaningi besayensi yezingane kanye nabanye abaqeqeshiwe bezempilo abazange bathole imfundo eyanele noma ukuqeqeshwa ukuze basekele ukuncelisa ingane.

Nakuba ukuncelisa ibele kungase kube lula uma ufaka inyanga yesibili yomntanakho, kungase kube nezikhathi lapho udinga usizo kanye nokusekelwa okunye ukuze uqhubeke ukondla ingane yakho uma nje bobabili ungathanda.

Ngakho wazi kanjani ukuthi udokotela usekela ukuncelisa? Indlela enhle yokutshela ukuthi, uma isibonakaliso sokuqala ukuthi unenkinga yokuncelisa, isazi sesidokotela sakho sezingane asikhuthazi kuphela ukufakazela ibhodlela, ukushintsha kwifomula , noma "ukuqhubeka uzama."

Ngaphezu kokuba nodokotela wezingane osekela ukuncelisa, ungakwandisa amathuba akho okuncelisa ngokuncelisa ngokufunda ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuncelisa kanye nezinkinga zokubeletha ezingase zikhule. Kunezincwadi eziningi ezinhle kakhulu mayelana nokondla ukuthi kufanele ucabange ukufunda, njenge- Nursing Mother's Companion kaKathleen Huggins.

Ukuba nesistimu yokusekela ukubeletha endaweni futhi kuyasiza. Ngaphezu kwesidokotela sesidokotela esisekelayo, lokhu kungafaka umxhumanisi we-lactation noma uchwepheshe we-lactation, inombolo yakhe yefoni ongayigcina nohlu lwakho lwezinombolo eziphuthumayo. Amalungu omndeni nabangani abanamabele asebelethini kukhona eminye imithombo enhle yokusekela.

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Ukondla i-Formula

Ngamaviki ayisihlanu, abazali bavame ukuhlala emkhakheni othile wefomula. Into eyinhloko manje eguqukayo manje ukuthi ingane yakho idla kangakanani ekudleni ngalunye nangosuku ngalunye.

Nakuba abazali, ikakhulukazi abazali besikhathi sokuqala, bavame ukuthanda imithetho ethile yokudla okungakanani ingane yabo, ayikho ngempela ukulingana komuntu-yonke imithetho yokunakekela ingane. Ngokungafani nezinsana zokubeletha, ezamane ziphuza ngaphezulu ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwebele, unomthwalo oqondile ngqo wokuthi ingane yakho isiphuza kangakanani.

Ngakho ungatshela kanjani ukuthi ungondla kanjani ingane yakho nokuthi ungamnika nini ngaphezulu? Uvele nje udinga ukubona ukuthi ingane yakho yaneliseke kangakanani futhi yandisa ukondliwa kwayo uma uqaphela ukuthi angadinga okungaphezulu, njengokuthi:

• Uqeda ngokushesha ibhodlela futhi ubonakala ufuna ezinye
• Kubonakala sengathi ufuna ukudla kaningi, njengamahora amabili, lapho edla njalo amahora amathathu
• Uqala ukuvuka kaningi ebusuku ukuze adle
• Akatholi isisindo kahle

Izikhombandlela Zokuphakela I-Formula

I-American Academy of Pediatrics, encwadini ethi Your Baby's First Year , ithi "iningi lezingane liyaneliseka ngama-ounces amathathu kuya kwangu-4 ngokudla kwenyanga yokuqala, futhi ukwandisa leyo mali ngo-1 ngenyanga ngenyanga kuze kufike ama-ounces angu-8."

Nakuba kungenjalo ukubusa okuphelele, njengesiqondiso esijwayelekile, lokho kusho ukuthi umntwana uzophuza cishe ama-ounces angu-4 ukuya kwangu-5 ngokudla kwakhe ngenyanga yesibini. Futhi iningi labantwana liyadla cishe amahora amathathu kuya kwangu-4, mhlawumbe isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amane kuya kwangu-6 ebusuku lapho belele.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wezingane uma ingane yakho iphuza kakhulu kakhulu noma ingaphansi kwalesi samba sefomu - cishe amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-32 ngosuku.

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Iviki Lokukhula Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesihlanu

Abazali bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi ingane yabo ikhula ngendlela evamile.

Ukurekhoda izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokuphakama kwengane yakho, isisindo, kanye nesigcawu sekhanda lapho uvakashele udokotela wezingane bese uhlela kubo eshadini lokukhula kuyindlela enhle yokubona ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula ngendlela evamile .

Ngeshwa, abanye abazali bakhathazeke ngokukhathazeka ukuthi ingane yabo encane noma eduze kwesitezi sokukhula. Khumbula ukuthi izinga lomntanakho lokukhula okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele ucabangele uma uhlola uma ingane yakho ikhula futhi ikhula ngendlela evamile futhi ingekho lapho ishadi lokukhula. Uma ingane yakho ilandela ijika layo lokukhula, kungenzeka ukuthi ikhula ngokujwayelekile.

Ngakho kungakanani ongalindela ukuthi ingane yakho ikhule ngalesi sikhathi?

Iziqondiso ezijwayelekile zokukhula kwezingane zakho zihlanganisa:

• Kuthola amapremu angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngenyanga
• Ikhula ngamasentimitha angu-25 (25 cm) phakathi nesikhathi azalwa ngayo futhi eneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala
• Ukuba nengxenyeni yekhanda ekhula cishe ngamasentimitha amabili ngenyanga

Khumbula ukuthi lezi yiziqondiso ezijwayelekile nakuba kunjalo. Ingane yakho ingakhula kancane kancane noma kancane kancane kunalokhu ngonyaka. Uma unenkinga ngokukhula komntanakho, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi uhluleka ukukhula (ukusimama kwesisindo esimpofu) noma isisindo esifushane (ukukhula okuncane ukuphakama), qiniseka ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane zakho.

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Izihlalo zezimoto zezingane

I-American Academy of Pediatrics ithi indawo enhle kakhulu yemoto yesikhumba "yiyona evumelana nosayizi wengane yakho, ifakwe kahle, futhi isetshenziswa kahle njalo uma ushayela."

Ngomntwana onamaviki amahlanu, lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele:

• Funda imiyalelo yokuhlala emotweni ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ufake futhi uyayisebenzisa ngokufanele
• Sebenzisa noma isitifiketi semoto esesana-kuphela (esine-carrier esitholakalayo) noma esihlalweni semoto esibhekene naso esibheke emuva
• Beka ingane yakho ebheke emuva ngemuva kwesihlalo sakho semoto futhi ungalokothi ubeke ingane yakho esihlalweni sangaphambili semoto ngomoya we-airbag
• Namathisela izikhonkwane ze-LATCH noma ibhande lesihlalo esihlalweni semoto ngokuqinile
• Qinisekisa ukuthi isihlalo semoto sinqunywe ngendlela efanele, okungase kudingeke ukuthi ubeke isikhwama se-foam ngaphansi kwesisekelo somhlalo wemoto
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-harness straps ahluma lapho ubopha ingane yakho esihlalweni semoto nokuthi i-clip harness clip isesimweni sayo sokuphumula futhi hhayi phansi kakhulu

Futhi khumbula ukuthi ngokusho kwemihlahlandlela yokuhlala emotweni yakamuva, izinsana nezinsana kufanele zigibele esihlalweni semoto esibhekene nomuva (isisu esibhekene nezingane ezisemuva noma esibukweni esibhekene nesimo esibhekene nomuva) kuze kube yilapho sineminyaka emibili ubudala noma baze bafinyelele isisindo nokuphakama kwemikhawulo yemoto yabo.

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I-Shaken Baby Syndrome

Ungalokothi unyakaze ingane!

Lokhu kubonakala njengenye yezinto okufanele zikwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kokushiwo.

Ngeshwa, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ngezingozi zokuthungatha ingane. Izibalo ezivela kwiNational Center ku-Shaken Baby Syndrome zibonisa ukuthi minyaka yonke e-United States:

• Okungenani izingane ezingu-1 200 kuya ku-1 400 zizamazama
• Amaphesenti angama-25 kuya ku-30% wezinsana ezinyakazayo ziyafa
• Abasindile baby baby syndrome cishe banenkinga yokuphila konke, kuhlanganise nokulimala kwengqondo nobuphofu
• Ezinye izingane eziningi zingase zibe izisulu ezingaziwa ze-baby syndrome ezanyakazisayo kodwa azifunyanwanga ngoba akukho ukuhlukunyezwa kwangaphandle, njengokulimaza, okuqaphelwa

I-Shaken Baby Syndrome

I-shaken baby syndrome kwenzeka lapho ingane ishukunyiswa ngesihluku, ebangela ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni. Okunye ukulimala okuhambisanayo kuvame ukungena ekuphumeni kwe-retina kweso, umgogodla kanye nokulimala kwentamo, kanye nomhlubu wokuphuza.

Izimpawu ze-baby syndrome ezishintshayo zivame ukufaka ubumnene obukhulu, ukudla okuncane, ukuhlanza, ukugunjwa, kanye nosana kungenzeka ukuthi ulele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile noma kunzima ukuvuka (lethargic).

Kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe yisisulu somntwana we-syndrome othuthumela.

Izisulu ze-Shaken Baby Syndrome

Ukuze usize ukuvimbela ingane eguquguqukayo, kubalulekile ukufundisa bonke abanakekeli bomntanakho ukuthi akufanele nanini bhukuthe umntwana.

Ngokuvamile abazali bacabanga ukuthi kuphela izingane ezincane nezinsana ezingabhekana ne-baby syndrome enyakaziswayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nabantwana abaneminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu bangabhekana ne-baby syndrome enyakaziswayo uma bezamazama.

Lokhu kubalulekile ukukhumbuza wena, oshade naye, okunye okuphawulekayo, amalungu omndeni, abangani, izingane zakini, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu onakekeli ukuthi akufanele agxilise ingane yakho.

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Ukuthungatha Ingane

Ungakwazi yini ukulimaza ingane?

Ngenhlanhla, ochwepheshe abaningi bacabanga ukuthi awukwazi ukulimaza ingane.

Lezi yizindaba ezinhle kubo bonke abazali abathola ukuthi indlela yodwa yokududuza ingane yabo njengamanje ukuphatha kalula nje.

Ukubamba ingane yakho njalo lapho bekhala kuyokuthola impendulo engalungile evela kwabaningi abangani namalungu omndeni, noma kunjalo. Laba bantu balandela ezinye izitayela zokubeletha "ezikoleni zakudala" ezibukwayo ngokungajabuli. Ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi uma uhlala uthatha umntwana wakho okhalayo, uzobachitha.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics, encwadini yabo Yonyaka Wokuqala Wengane , inikeza izeluleko ezinhle ngale ndaba:

Indlela engcono yokusingatha ukukhala ukuphendula ngokushesha usana lwakho noma nini lapho ekhala phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala. Awukwazi ukuchitha ingane encane ngokumnaka; futhi uma uphendula ukubiza kwakhe usizo, uzokhala ngokuncane.

Izindwangu, ama-Wraps, kanye nezinqola

Ngisho noma kungeke kuphazamise ingane yakho, kungaba nzima ukuthola noma yini uma uhlala ubambe ingane yakho.

Ungabamba umntanakho eduze kwakho, ugcine uthuthuzekile futhi uhlale ethule, futhi ugcine izandla zakho zikhululekile ngokusebenzisa umshayeli wezingane noma ukuthungatha .

Ama-brand athandwayo afaka:

• I-Maya Wrap Sling
• Baby Bjorn Carrier
• I-Moby Wrap Baby Carrier
• I-Evenflo Snugli I-Comfort Vent Soft Carrier

Ingabe kufanele usebenzise ukugoqa noma othwali? Kuyinto okhethandayo, kokubili wena nomntanakho, kodwa kungaba nomqondo omuhle ukuthola enye noma enye.

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Iviki Lesihlanu Ukukwenza Uhlu

Nakuba ungase uzizwe uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngokuthatha ukunakekelwa kwezingane zakho ezinamaviki amahlanu, kusekhona okuningi okumele uqhubeke nakho.

Ukuncelisa ingane yakho, ukuguqula izindiza, ukuyikhalisa lapho ekhala, njll, bonke bangathatha isikhathi esiningi. Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukunakekela ingane yakho kungenza kube lula ukungazinaki izinto ezingagcina ingane yakho iphephile futhi inempilo, njenge:

• Uma ungakenzi kanjalo okwamanje, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wezingane zakho zokuqokwa kwezingane ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuhlola ingane.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ikhaya lakho lihle kahle ukuthi ingane iqinisekiswe ukuze ingane yakho iphephile.
• Shayela udokotela wezingane zakho noma ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane, okuvame ukubhekwa njengokushisa okungaphezu kuka-100.4 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Qhubeka ukubeka ingane yakho ukulala emuva ukuze inciphise ingozi ye-SIDS.
• Kuze kube yilapho isisombululo sakho somzimba sesisu sineqile uma eseneminyaka embalwa ubudala futhi esinezinye zokugoma, zama ukugwema ukumtshela kubantu abaningi. Lokhu kungamsiza ukuba agweme amagciwane ajwayelekile futhi agweme ukugula.
• Qhubeka ukubeka ingane yakho esihlalweni semoto esibheke ngemuva ngemuva kwesihlalo semoto yakho. Funda ukugwema amaphutha okuhlala emotweni , njengokubeka i-harness clip clip endaweni engafanele.
• Buka izibonakaliso zokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha , kufaka phakathi omama abadabukisayo, abakhathazekile, besaba, noma abadidekile, njll.

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Ukubhoboza Indlebe Yomntwana

Nakuba abanye abazali bathanda ukuzwa ukuzwa kwezindlebe zezingane zabo ngokushesha, i-American Academy of Pediatrics incoma ukuba "uphinde uqhube ukubhoboza kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ikhulile ngokwanele ukuze inakekele isayithi elihlatshiwe."

Lokhu kungasiza ukugwema ezinye izingozi zokubhoboza indlebe, okufaka:

• ukutheleleka - izinsana ezincane zinamasosha omzimba omncane, ngakho-ke angeke akwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka esiteshini sokubhoboza kahle.
• ukuchoma ingozi - uma bethola i-earring.
• ukusabela okweqile - kuya ensimbi enamacici (ikakhulukazi i-nickel negolide) ayigqoke, kodwa okungase kube nzima ukubona ukuthi kusukela izinsana zivutha izindlebe eziningi.
• indlebe ehlanganisiwe - lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye eyodwa ye-earring ingena emgodini wezintambo futhi ingena ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Nakuba lokhu kungenzeka kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungaba nzima ukususa ezinganeni.

Ziningi kangakanani izingozi? Kungenzeka ukuthi bancane kakhulu, kodwa kusukela ukubhoboza indlebe ingane ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwenza izimonyo ezingasuswa isikhathi esiphephile, kunesizathu esincane sokuthatha leyo ngozi ngisho ncane.

Ukubhoboza Indlebe Yomntwana

Uma unquma ukunqunywa izindlebe zomntanakho, zama ukulinda kuze kube yilapho okungenani uneminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala, okuyilapho kufanele abe mdala ngokwanele ukuphatha izifo ezincane futhi uzothola okungenani nxazonke eyodwa zemithi.

Futhi cabanga ukuthola amacici ngokukhiya noma ukusikhipha emagumbini ensimbi okwenziwe ngensimbi (ukunciphisa ukuphendula kwe-allergen), okungasiza ekunciphiseni amathuba omntanakho wokudonsa indlebe bese ugwinya noma ukugcoba. Futhi ukhethe indawo esebenzisa imishini eyinyumba futhi iqhutshelwa ukubhoboza izindlebe zezingane, njengehhovisi lakho lezingane.

> Imithombo:

> AAP. Ukunakekela Ingane Yakho Yesikoleni: Iminyaka engu-5 ukuya ku-12.

> I-American Academy of Pediatrics. Izihlalo Zokuphepha Kwezimoto: Umhlahlandlela Wezinkampane 2011.

> Izinkinga zokubhoboza umzimba. UMeltzer DI - Am Fam Physician - 15-NOV-2005; 72 (10): 2029-34.

> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Shaken Baby Syndrome.

> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. I-Shaken Baby Syndrome Page Ulwazi.