Indlela ohlangabezana ngayo nezinsuku zokuqala zengane yakho incike ezintweni eziningi. Oyinhloko phakathi kwalokhu kungukuthi unayo ingane egcwele isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezinkinga zezokwelapha ezingakwazi ukuhlala nawe noma ukuhlala emtholampilo osencane nokuthi ngabe unesisu sokubeletha noma isigaba c . Khumbula ukuthi izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngezinkinga zezokwelapha zingadingeka ziqonde ngqo kuNyunithi Yokunakekelwa Okunakekelwa Kwe-Neonatal kunalokho.
Enye into enkulu engathinta okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho nomntanakho omusha ukuthi ngabe ngabe uyilwana wakho wokuqala yini noma cha.
Ngomntwana wakho wokuqala, konke okwenzeka kusukela kokuqala kokukhala kwakhe ekuguqulweni kwakhe kokuqala kwe-diaper kungaba okusha, okungalindelekile, okuthakazelisayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu.
Kungani i-diaper ishintsha kakhulu, isibonelo? Ngenxa yokuthi abazali abaningi abasha abakulungele izitshalo ezinkulu, ezimnyama, ze-tarry ze- meconium ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala.
Okudingeka Ukwazi
- Hlela ukuncelisa ingane yakho ngehora elilodwa lokuzalwa kwakhe bese kuthi izikhathi ezingu-8 kuya kwezi-12 ngosuku.
- Ungamangali uma ingane yakho ilahlekelwa isisindo ngaphambi kokuba iphume esibhedlela. Kuyinto evamile ukuba izingane zilahlekelwe u-5% kuya ku-8% wesisindo sokuzalwa phakathi nesonto lokuqala.
- Ingane yakho izoba nokuhlolwa kokuzwa, ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kokuzalwa okusha, futhi izohlolwa nge-jaundice ngaphambi kokuba ibuyele ekhaya.
- Ukususwa kokuqala (amahora angaphansi kwama-48) kugcinelwe izinsana ezigcwele isikhathi, ukudla kahle, futhi azikho izinkinga zezokwelapha noma izinto eziyingozi (ingane enkulu, umntwana omncane, umkhuhlane, njll).
- Khumbula ukuthi i-Apgar score, lapho umntwana wakho angabelwa khona lapho ezalwa, akuyona isandulela esihle sempilo yengane yesikhathi eside. Ngokusho kweNelson Textbook of Pediatrics, "I-Apgar score ayiklanyelwe ukubikezela umphumela we-neurologic. Ngempela, leli phuzu livamile ezigulini eziningi eziphethwe yi-cerebral palsy."
Ukondla Ingane Yakho Esanda Kuzalwa
Ukuncelisa ingane yakho
Abazali abaningi bayazi ukuthi ukubeletha kunezinzuzo zezempilo kokubili ingane nengane. Ngakho-ke thola usizo lokuncelisa ukondla kusuka kumxhumanisi we-lactation, umhlengikazi, noma udokotela, ngenkathi usesibhedlela ukuze ukwazi ukuphuma ekuqaleni.
Amanye amathiphu okusiza ukuncelisa angabandakanya:
- Ukuhlela ukuncelisa ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa 8 izikhathi ezingu-12 ngosuku phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala. Khumbula ukuthi uma ukondla ingane yakho, ngokushesha ubisi lwakho lwebele luzofika.
- Ukubeka imigomo yokuncelisa. Ukuba nomgomo ukuthi ufuna ukubeletha isikhathi esingakanani kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ngeke ume ngokushesha uma uqala ukuba nezinkinga, njengoba uthola usizo neseluleko sokuqhubeka uze uhlangabezane nomgomo wakho.
- Ukuthola usizo uma uqala ukuba nezinkinga, kubandakanya i-latch empofu, ingxube, izinsipho ezinzima, noma ukuthuthukisa ubunikazi bakho bebele. Lolusizo lungase luvela kwamanye amama abelethe izingane zabo, udokotela wezingane osekela ukondla, kanye / noma umcebisi we-lactation.
- Gwema izithako zamakhemikhali ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho wezingane ecabanga ukuthi kuyadingeka ngokwemithi.
- Gwema amabhodlela noma i-pacifier kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ibeletha kahle.
Baby Formula
Uma ungamncelisi, ingane yakho cishe iyophuza ubisi lwe-milk based based-fortified-formula. Mhlawumbe uzophuza kuphela ngo-1 kuya kwangu-ounces ngesikhathi, amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu, phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala. Le mali izokhuphuka kancane kancane ibe ama-ounces amabili kuya kwangu-4 ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala.
Kufunwa noma kuHlelo
Ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala, kungcono kakhulu ukondla ingane yakho ngokufunayo njalo amahora angu-1/2 kuya ku-3 hhayi ngesimiso esiqinile.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezingane nokuphepha
Okufanelekile, ikhaya lakho lizobe libukeka kahle ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho izalwe. Eqinisweni, kuyinqubomgomo ezithombeni eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi unesihlalo somoto esifanelekile ngaphambi kokuba uvunyelwe ukuletha ingane yakho ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwesihlalo somoto (isana elibhekene namuva noma i-convertible car seat). Ungakwazi ukufakaza ingane yakho ekhaya bese ulenza kube lukhuni kubantwana bakho abasha ngoku:
- Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-crib yakhe iphephile: Ungabi namaphesenti angu-2/8 phakathi kwemishayo. I-mattress kufanele ibe eqinile futhi ihambisane kahle nesikhumba. Yigcine kude namafasitela kanye nemidwebo. Gwema ukubeka izingubo zokugcoba, izilwane ezigxotshiwe, noma imithwalo esibuyeni ngoba zingabangela ukugubha. Kumele futhi ususe amaphethini we-pillow-like-bumper. Eqinisweni, ezinye izazi zincoma ukuthi angasebenzisi ama-bumper pads, njengoba zihlobisa kakhulu futhi zingandisa ingozi yengane ye- SIDS .
- Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imishini esetshenzisiwe noma esebenza phansi, njengezihlalo zezimoto, abahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nezigebengu, njll, azikhunjulwa ngezizathu zokuphepha. Shayela umkhiqizi noma iKhomishane yokuThengiswa komkhiqizo wabathengi ukuze uthole uhlu lwamakhompi akhunjisiwe.
- Ukubeka izinga lokushisa lomshini wokushisa wamanzi ashisayo kuya ku-120 F ukuvimbela ukushisa kwe-scalding.
- Ukufaka izintambo zomshukela kanye ne-carbon monoxide besebenzisa izingubo zokulala zomlilo ezingalawuleki.
- Ukwenza umuzi wakho ungabhema ngotshani ukuze ingane yakho ingabonakali kumusi wesimanga. Ukubhema nje ngaphandle okwanele ukunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho ye-SIDS, izifo zendlebe, isifo se-asthma nezinye izimo.
- Ukubukeza ingozi yomkhaya wakho yokubangela ubuthi obuholayo, ikakhulukazi uma lakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1950 noma ngaphambi kuka-1978 futhi uhlela ukuwuvuselela.
Kufanele Kuphi Umntwana Wakho Alele?
Abazali abasha bavame ukutshelwa ukuba bafake izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa zilale lapho zilala khona.
Lokhu akusiyo njalo iseluleko esihle kodwa, njengoba abazali abathile abasha bahamba baze bavumele izingane zabo zilale esitokisini noma emotweni.
Ngesikhathi usana olusanda kuzalwa ngeke lithwale noma yimiphi imikhuba emibi kule minyaka, njengokuthi ulele esitokisini semoto, akusona indawo ephephile kakhulu yokulala naye.
Ucwaningo olulodwa ngamacala e-SIDS lithole ukuthi amaphesenti amancane ezinsana ezafa zazihlezi ezihlalweni zemoto. Lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele ubeke ingane yakho esihlalweni semoto uma ushayela emotweni. Kodwa-ke, cishe kufanele uthole indawo efanelekile yokuba ingane yakho ilale.
Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, eyeluleka ngokungahambisani nokulala , ingane yakho kufanele ilele:
- e-bassinet, umkhumbi, noma isikhalazo esiseduze nombhede wakhe, kodwa hhayi embhedeni wakhe.
- emhlane wakhe, hhayi eceleni kwakhe noma esiswini.
- endaweni ebuthongayo yokulala, njengomshini wokugcina umshini oqinile, ohlanganiswe ishidi elihlelwe kahle.
- ngaphandle kwezinto ezithambile (imithwalo namathoyizi) noma ukulala okuxekethile (izingubo kanye namashidi) ku-bassinet yakhe, umkhumbi, noma isikhala.
Ukuthola umntwana wakho ukuba alale
Uma unenkinga yokuthola ingane yakho ukuba ilele esitokisini, cabanga ukusebenzisa i-bassinet noma ukulala esikhundleni. Isiliva esigcwele ngokugcwele ngezinye izikhathi sikhulu kakhulu kosana olusanda kuzalwa.
Ukuthungatha ngokuvamile kusiza izingane ukuba zilale, zilale, futhi zithole induduzo ngokushesha, ikakhulu uma zisanda kuzalwa.
Abazali Ababhekene Nokulala
Ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukulala ngokwanele, abazali kufanele bazame ukushintshanisa ukunakekela ingane yabo ebusuku, bathathe isikhathi ngosuku lapho ingane yabo ilele, futhi uthole usizo oluvela emndenini nabangane uma kungenzeka.
Ubaba angasiza umama wokuncelisa ukuphumula ebusuku ngokushintsha i-diaper yomntwana, amyisa kumama ekudleni, futhi ambuyisele embhedeni.
Isonto elilodwa lokuthuthukiswa okukhulu
Amaphuzu okuthuthuka evikini lokuqala lokuphila? Abazali abaningi abalindeli ukuthi umntwana wabo osanda kuzalwa uzokwazi ukwenza okuningi ngaphandle kokudla, ukulala nokukhala. Nakuba kuzoba yisikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ubuke izinyathelo zokuqala zomntwana wakho futhi uzwe amagama akhe okuqala, kunezici ezithile ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa okumelwe zibheke, ngisho nangalesi sikhathi. Evikini lokuqala lomntwana wakho, ungalindela ukuthi:
- Unomomotheka okwenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo noma oseduze, ongase uvele ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuphila komntwana wakho futhi kufanele abe khona ngenkathi enamaviki ayishumi ubudala. Lokhu kuhluke kunokumomotheka komphakathi okwenzeka ekusabela okuthile, njengokungathi uma ukhuluma noma uhlabelela ingane yakho. Izingane zihlakulela ukumomotheka komphakathi ngemuva kwesikhathi esincane uma ziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
- Yenza ukuhamba okulinganayo kwezandla nemilenze yakhe zombili zomzimba womzimba wakhe. Isibonelo, akufanele ahambise ingalo eyodwa noma umlenze owodwa kakhulu kunomunye, okungaba uphawu lokulimala noma ubuthakathaka.
- Phakamisa ikhanda lakhe kancane lapho esesiswini sakhe, yize ukhumbule ukuthi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zilawulwa kahle futhi zidinga ikhanda lisekelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Gxila kancinci ezintweni eziseduze nobuso bakhe kuze kube ngu-12 kuya ku-15 amasentimitha ubude, okuyinto ebanga ibanga lokuncelisa ingane ebheka ubuso bakhe. Angabona futhi amaphethini alula, aphezulu kakhulu futhi umbono wakhe uzovuthwa ngokushesha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezilandelayo.
Ingane yakho ingakwazi futhi ukuphendula umsindo omkhulu futhi ubuke futhi ulandele izinto ezibhekene nendawo ephakathi kobuso bayo.
Iviki elilodwa Amathiphu Okunakekela
Umbilical Cord Care
Ngesikhathi abazali bevame ukutshelwa ukuba bahlale bephuza utshwala emthonjeni wezingane zabo kuze kube yilapho bewela khona, kungenzeka ukuthi bayatshelwa ukuthi bangabe besaphinde baphuze utshwala. Kungcono kakhulu ukubuza nje izingane zakho ukuthi yini ayincomayo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwentambo .
Amanzi okugeza
Ukugwema ukuthola umthambo wakhe omanzi kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungcono ukunikeza ingane yakho isiponji sokuphuza kuze kube yilapho intambo yakhe iwa.
Izinguquko ze-Diaper
Ngesikhathi eseneminyaka emihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ubudala, ingane yakho izobe isidinga izinguquko eziningi ze-diaper futhi kufanele ibe nezindiza eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ezimanzi nezigqoko eziphuzile ezintathu noma ezine usuku ngalunye.
Phakathi naleli sonto, izitshalo zomntwana wakho zizoshintsha kusukela emanzini amakhulu, omnyama, okulindile kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, ezitokisini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka / okwesibhakabhaka, ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo okwesibhakabhaka komntwana osekhulile.
I-Nail Yokunciphisa
Ukunciphisa iminwe yengane yakho uma kubonakala sengathi kubalulekile ukuthi ingane yakho ingaboni ubuso bayo, noma ngaphezulu, iso layo. Ungasebenzisa i-nails clipper noma ifayela le-nail ukuze unciphise izipikili zengane yakho. Thola usizo noma uyenze uma elala noma edla uma elwa nabo beqedile.
Burping
Kufanele uvimbele ingane yakho emva kokudla kokunye ukuvimbela igesi kanye nesibindi. Ezinye izingane zenza kangcono, ikakhulukazi uma zihlambalaza kakhulu uma uzigcoba emva kokuphuza zonke i-ounce noma kunjalo kunokulinda kuze kube sekupheleni kokudla.
Uma unenkinga yokuthola ingane yakho iqhube, cabangela ukuhlukahluka kwesimo ophethe ingane yakho. Isibonelo, okokuqala, zama ukugijima ngenkathi elele ehlombe lakho. Khona-ke, uma ungatholi i-burp, mbeke endaweni eqondile futhi umgcobe ngenkathi ehlezi phezulu.
Iviki elilodwa Q & A
Imibuzo evamile yomntwana omusha ihlanganisa:
Singakwazi yini ukuhamba nezingane zethu ezisanda kuzalwa? Ingabe kuphephile ukuvumela ukuba ahambe ngendiza?
Kuzodingeka uhlole nezindiza ethize oyisebenzisayo. I-American Airlines, ngokwesibonelo, ithi ayivumeli izinsana ezincane ukuba zihambe, kuhlanganise "nezinsana (zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokubeletha) ngaphandle kokuba umzali noma umnakekeli abe nesitifiketi sezokwelapha esibonisa ukuhamba kugunyaziwe."
Ngisho noma izindiza zithi zilungile, lokho akusho ukuthi kuwumqondo omuhle, noma kunjalo. Ngaphezu kokucindezeleka, ukuhamba ngezindiza, ngezindiza, bese uvakashela umndeni kungase kuveze ingane yakho ekuguleni okugciwane, ngesikhathi engenawo amasosha omzimba aqinile futhi angenaso isibhamu esiningi. Ngaphandle kokuba ukuhamba kubalulekile njengokungathi uvele usungile umntwana futhi udinga ukubuyela ekhaya, kungase kube ngcono ukulinda kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ikhulile, nesimiso sokuzivikela esivuthiwe nakakhulu esimisweni esinqunyiwe, uma izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu endala.
Ungasebenzisa amanzi afudumele noma ashisayo kusuka kumpompi ukuze wenze ifomula yengane yakho?
Ngokusho kwe-US Environmental Protection Agency, kufanele, "Ungalokothi upheke noma uhlanganise ifomula yobusana usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo kusukela kumpompi." Iminyango eminingi ine-plumbing ne-lead noma i-lead solder namanzi ashisayo angagxila ekuholeni. Ukugijima amanzi ngamasekhondi angu-15 kuya kwangu-30 bese usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo kuphela kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwengane yakho ekuholeni emanzini kampompi.
Ingabe kufanele ubilise amanzi uma wenza ingane ifomula?
Ngenkathi ama-brand amaningi wefomula yamantombazane aphakamisa ukuthi abilayo njengengxenye yemiyalelo yabo, manje bavame ukuncoma udokotela noma umnyango wezempilo wendawo endaweni yakho.
Isonto elilodwa lezinkinga zokudokotela
Njengoba izinto eziningi ingane yakho ezoyenza zishaya kuwe, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukutshela okujwayelekile nokuthi yini isibonakaliso sokugula.
Izingane ezijwayelekile "Izinkinga"
Ngenhlanhla, eziningi "izinkinga" abazali abaziqaphela ngokuvamile zivamile. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile - izikhathi ezincane zokuphuza futhi ukuphefumula ngokushesha
- I-baby rashes - kuhlanganisa i-milia (izibhunjana ezincane ezimhlophe) ne-erythema toxicum (amakhopho amakhulu abomvu)
- isikhumba esibhekile, esikhanyayo - lokhu ngokuvamile "isikhumba somntwana"
- ama-hiccups kanye negesi
- i-acrocyanosis - isimo lapho ingane isinezandla nezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuyilapho wonke umzimba wakhe usabomvu. Kuwuphawu lwesistimu yokujikeleza okuncane futhi hhayi oksijini ephansi.
I-Jaundice
Kuze kube yingxenye yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zakha i-jaundice, i-yellowing yesikhumba, ezinsukwini zabo zokuqala ezimbalwa. Ngenhlanhla, i-jaundice yabo ivame ukuhamba yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. I-jaundice ngokuvamile ifinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme ngezinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu futhi lingadinga ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy uma iphakama kakhulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wezingane zakho ukuqapha amazinga e-jaundice wengane yakho ukuze angafinyeleli izinga eliphakeme kuleli sonto lokuqala.
Izifo
Izifo azivamile ngesikhathi sesonto lokuqala lomntwana, kodwa kubalulekile ukubona izimpawu nezimpawu zezifo, kuhlanganise:
- umkhuhlane (temp or above 100.4 F)
- lokushisa okuphansi
- ukukhathazeka ukuphefumula
- ukuphakelayo okulahlekile
- ukulala kakhulu
- ukucasuka
- ukuhlanza
Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Esiningi
Nakuba ingane evamile ilahlekelwa u-5% kuya ku-10% wesisindo sayo sokuzalwa ngesikhathi sesonto lakhe lokuqala, ukulahlekelwa okungaphezu kuka-10% kungaba uphawu lokuthi ingane yakho ayitholi ngokwanele ukudla.
Reflux
Ukufiphaza noma ukuhlanza i-reflux kuvamile, kuthinta kuze kube yingxenye yazo zonke izingane. Ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga ngaphandle kokuba ingane yakho inenkinga yokuthola isisindo, ishaywa, noma ivame ukungena.
Ukuvakashela okokuqala kudokotela wezingane
Lokhu kungase kumangaze abazali abaningi, kodwa ukuvakasha kokuqala kudokotela wezingane kungase kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho ikhishwa e-nursery ekuqaleni, ukuvakashela okokuqala kudokotela wezingane kungasiza:
- qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho idla kahle, ikakhulu uma ibeletha
- akulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi
- qapha ingane yakho nge-jaundice
- izifo zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi isifo senhliziyo esiswini (ukukhononda kwenhliziyo, umbala wesikhumba esibomvu, ukuphefumula kanzima, njll)
Ukuvakasha kokuqala kwezingane
Ngabe ingane yakho kufanele ibone nini kuqala ingane yakhe?
Nakuba kuncike ekutheni umntwana wakho usevele e-jaundiced noma ngabe wayesehamba ekhaya, ukuthi udla kanjani kahle, futhi uma enenkinga yezokwelapha, i-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) iyeluleka ukuthi "kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho abe ebonwe ngumhlengikazi noma udokotela lapho umntwana ephakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu no-5 ubudala. "
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwengane yakho kubaluleke nakakhulu uma ingane yakho isanda kuphuma e-nursery futhi iya ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba ibe namahora angu-48 ubudala. Ngokusho kwe-AAP, lezi zingane kufanele zihlolwe ngumsebenzi wezezempilo zingakapheli amahora angu-48 ekuya ekhaya.
Futhi-ke, uma ingane yakho ingondli kahle, inomkhuhlane, i-jaundiced, noma ikhombisa ezinye izibonakaliso zokugula, khona-ke kungase kudingeke ubone udokotela wezingane ngokushesha.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy of Pediatrics. Umbuzo nezimpendulo: i-Jaundice neNew yakho
> CDC. Ukubeletha Ukubika Ikhadi, United States - 2007: Izinkomba Zomphumela.
> Isibhedlela Hlalani Namazinyane Ezinsana Eziphilayo. I-PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 5 Meyi 2004, iphe. 1434-1436
> I-US Environmental Protection Agency. Imiphumela Yempilo Yokuveza Umsila Wesibili.