Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziningi eziye zahlanganiswa nesikhathi esibucayi sesibuko- kuhlanganisa ukulala okungcono, ukuncipha kwenani lomzimba, futhi nokunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa-yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka esikoleni: ukusebenza ngcono kwezemfundo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi izingane eziningi zisebenzisa amadivaysi e-tech, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi ziqede umsebenzi wesikole .
Esikhathini esivela esikhungweni somhlangano we-American Academy of Pediatrics (I-AAP) ka-Okthoba 2016, abacwaningi baseBrown University banikeze imiphumela yokufundwa kwabo enesihloko esithi, "I-Digital Media Exposure Ezikoleni Ezikhulile Zinciphisa Ukuvama Kwemisebenzi Yasekhaya." Ukusebenzisa idatha kusukela ngo-2011 -2012 Ucwaningo lukazwelonke lwezeMpilo yezingane, abacwaningi bahlola idatha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemidiya kanye nemikhuba yesikole yabantwana abangaphezu kuka-64,000 abaneminyaka engama-6 kuya kwengu-17. (Ama-Digital media afaka i-TV, amakhompiyutha, imidlalo yamavidiyo, amaphilisi kanye nama- smartphones , namanye amadivaysi esikrini asetshenziselwa izingane ngaphandle kokusebenza kwesikole.) Ucwaningo lubonise isixhumanisi esicacile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwesikrini esiphakeme nokunciphisa amathuba okuba izingane ziqede izabelo zabo zesikole. Okunye okuvelele kokuthola:
- Kuze kube ngu-Okthoba wabo omusha, imihlahlandlela ka-2016, i-AAP esetshenziselwa ukuncoma ukuthi izingane zichitha amahora angaphansi kwamahora amabili ngosuku ngosuku lweskrini, kodwa izingane ezingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-31 zihambisana nalolo hlobo, kusho umlobi ocwaninga uStephanie Ruest, MD, udokotela UMnyango Wezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo kanye Nezifo Zengqondo Emkhakheni Wezingane ZaseHasbro kanye nesigungu se-MPH eBrown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. (Imihlahlandlela emisha ye-AAP encoma ukuthi kunciphise isikhathi sokukrini kwehora elilodwa ngosuku lwezinhlelo eziphezulu zezingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu yobudala nemikhawulo ehambisanayo ngesikhathi sokuvala izingane ezineminyaka engama-6 nangaphezulu.)
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezichitha amahora angaphansi kwama-2 ngosuku ezikrinini, izingane ezisetshenziselwa amadivaysi edijithali edijithali ngezinhloso ezingekho esikoleni amahora amabili kuya kwangu amane ngosuku zingamaphesenti angama-23 amathuba okuba njalo noma ngokuvamile aqedele umsebenzi wesikole.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya yedijithali eyengeziwe kwenza izinto zimbi nakakhulu: Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezisetshenziswa izikrini ezingaphansi kwamahora amabili ngosuku, izingane ezachitha amahora amane kuya kweziyisithupha ezikrinini zinezinga elingamaphesenti angama-49 aphansi njalo noma ngokuvamile liqedela umsebenzi wesikole kanye nezingane ngamahora ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwemidiya babengamaphesenti angama-63 amathuba okuba njalo noma ngokuvamile aqede umsebenzi wabo wesikole.
- Amaphesenti angama-36 asetshenziswa abezindaba be-digital amahora amabili kuya kwangu amane ngosuku; Amaphesenti angu-17 asebenzisa izikrini amahora amane kuya kwanguyisithupha ngosuku; futhi izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-17 zisetshenziselwa abezindaba amahora angaphezu kuka-6 ngosuku.
- Phakathi kwezingane ezivezwe amahora angaphansi kwamahora amabili ngosuku, kuphela amaphesenti angu-65 ezingane anikwe noma yimiphi imingcele. (Izibonelo zemingcele zifaka izinto ezifana nabazali etshela izingane ezidingekayo ukuvala i-TV ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile esithile; imingcele yamakhalekhukhwini ifakwe etafuleni lokudla; noma ungavumeli izingane ezincane ukuba zibuke okuqukethwe okulinganisiwe nge-TV-14 noma ngaphezulu .)
Izinto Okumele Zizikhumbule Ngezingane Nezindaba Zokusetshenziswa
Setha ukulinganiselwa nokulindelwe ekuqaleni. Qala ukubeka imingcele kulokho izingane ezingabona futhi zenze kumadivayisi wezobuchwepheshe lapho zisencane, futhi zihlale ziqinile futhi ziqinile mayelana nesikhathi esingazisebenzisa kuzo izikrini.
Yenza uhlelo lwezokuxhumana. Ngeke uvumele ingane yakho idle amanani angenamkhawulo azo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okungenamsoco; abezindaba abazidlayo kufanele futhi babheke futhi banqunywe abazali. I-Healthychildren.org inethuluzi eliwusizo elisiza abazali ukuba bahlele ukusetshenziswa kwezingane, kusho uDkt. Ruest.
Gcina ithrekhi yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-media kungafaka kanjani ngosuku olujwayelekile. UDkt. Ruest uthi: "Ngezinye izikhathi asiqapheli umthelela wokuhlanganisa wezingane.
"Imizuzu eyishumi ku-iPad, imizuzu eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye kwikhomputha-ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingafaka phezulu."
Ungakhohlwa ngomsindo wangemuva. Lezi zinsuku, izingane kanye nabantu abadala bavame ukuba namadivayisi amaningi we-tech ahamba ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ingane ingase ibe kwi-smartphone yakhe ithumela okuthile ku-Instagram ne-TV ngenkathi yenza umsebenzi wesikole. Vula konke ukusiza ingane yakho igxilise futhi ikhethe izikhathi ezithile zosuku nezindawo zendlu ezingenasikhala. Ngokwesibonelo, vela amakholi omakhalekhukhwini kusuka etafuleni lokudla komndeni futhi ugcine zonke izikrini-kuhlanganise ne-TV namakhompyutha-ngaphandle kwamakamelo okulala.
Akukhona nje ngomsebenzi wesikole. Ucwaningo lubuthole ukuthi ngaphezu kokuqeda izabelo zesikole, ezinye izimpawu zentuthuko yenhlalakahle yengane, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukukhula komntwana" -kuvamile noma ngokuvamile ukukhathalela ukwenza kahle esikoleni; ukuqedela imisebenzi eqalisiwe; ngokuba nesithakazelo ekufundeni izinto ezintsha; futhi uhlale uzolile lapho ubhekene nezinselelo-wehlile ngokweqile isikhathi esichithwa esikrinini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili bomntwana, iminyaka yobudala, noma isimo sezenhlalakahle.