Kuyinto evamile. Umzali uletha ingane ehhovisi likadokotela ngomnyaka wayo wenyama, kanti umhlinzeki wezempilo uyazisa ukuba uthole umgomo.
"Ingabe kuyadingeka esikoleni?" Umzali uyabuza. "Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke sizodlula."
Mhlawumbe basheshe. Noma mhlawumbe bayanqikaza ukukhokha okungaphezu kwalokho okudingekile ngempela. Kodwa imishanguzo "eyanconywa" isadingeka yini emzimbeni -ngisho noma ingagunyaziwe?
Kukhona ukudideka okuningi okuzungezile ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwemithi ethi "Kunconywa" futhi "edingekayo" -kube phakathi kwabachwepheshe bezokwelapha. Kodwa ukuqonda umehluko kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo nokuphepha kwakho nomndeni wakho. Nansi okudingeka ukwazi.
Ngubani obeka izincomo izincomo?
Njalo ngonyaka, iCenter for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ishicilela isimiso sokugoma esinconywayo sezwe lonke. Lolu hlelo luhlanganiswa iphaneli labachwepheshe abangu-15 abaziwa njengeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma (ACIP). Amalungu ephaneli anokuhlangenwe nakho emphakathini wezempilo kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha, njengabadokotela, abacwaningi kanye nochwepheshe bezesifo, kubandakanya nommeleli womphakathi onganikeza umbono ngokuqondene nezindlela zomphakathi zokugoma.
Lolu hlelo luhloselwe ukuhlinzeka inani eliphakeme lokuvikelwa ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu, ngokuqala ngomuthi wokugoma wokuqala owunikezwa ngosuku ozalwa ngalo.
Uhlelo luhlukaniswe ngaminyaka. Isibonelo, i-ACIP isincoma ukuthi ejwayelekile, izingane ezineminyaka engu-11 enempilo kufanele zithole imishanguzo emine ngalowo nyaka ukuvikela ngokumelene ne-meningitis, i-Cancers ehlobene ne-HPV, ukukhwehlela nokukhwehlela .
Lolu hlelo luvuselelwa njalo ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi luhlale lusekelwe ocwaningweni oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuphepha komuthi nokusebenza.
Isetshenziselwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ezweni lonke ukugoma iziguli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ohulumeni bakahulumeni banquma ukuthi yimiphi imigomo okufanele idingeke esikoleni.
Imishanguzo evunyelwe
Eminye imithi edingekayo esikoleni, umbuso ngamunye wenza uhlu lwawo lwemithi yokugoma abafundi abayidingayo ngaphambi kokufaka amamaki athile noma ngeminyaka ethile, noma ngeke bavunyelwe ukuya esikoleni. Ngenxa yalokho, iziphathimandla zokugoma zihlukahluka kulo lonke izwe. Abafundi eKansas City, eMissouri bangase babe nokudingeka ukuba okungenani kube nomthamo owodwa wokugonywa kwamadoda efayela ngaphambi kokuba baqale ibanga lesishiyagalombili, kanti omakhelwane babo eKansas City, Kansas abangekho.
Ziningi kangakanani lezi zihlelo ezihlolwayo noma ezibuyekeziwe futhi ziyahlukahluka. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izifundazwe zombuso zihlangana kanye kuphela eminyakeni emibili, imishanguzo emisha kakade iphakanyiswa yi-CDC ingathatha iminyaka ukuba ifakwe-uma ikhona.
Ngubani ngaphakathi kukahulumeni wombuso okhetha ukuthi yimiphi imigomo edingekayo futhi ihlukahluka ngombuso. Ezinye izifundazwe zingadlula umthetho ukuze zinikeze imithi yokugoma kwabafundi abathile, kanti abanye bangase bathi umnyango wezempilo wombuso unqume ukuthi yini okufanele idingeke esikoleni. Njenge-ACIP, lezi zinhlangano zivame ukuthembela ekucwaningweni ukuze ziqondise ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokufaka imithi, kodwa ezinye izinto zingase zithathwe-njengezombusazwe zezombusazwe, izinqubo zamasiko noma okusebenzayo.
Isibonelo, ukugoma komkhuhlane kunconywa yi-CDC njalo ngonyaka ukuvumelanisa nezigciwane ezishintshayo ezijikeleza inkathi ngayinye yemfuluwenza. Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umfundi ngamunye wathola umkhuhlane wakhe wonke umnyaka wesikole uzoba ngumsebenzi omkhulu kubantu abahlengikazi besikole, futhi angeke kubhekwe njengokwenziwe nguhulumeni kahulumeni.
Izizwe zingabuye zidinga imithi yamanye amaqembu, njengabafundi bekolishi noma abasebenzi bezingane zokunakekela izingane, nezinhlangano ngabanye kanye nezinkampani nazo zingadinga imishanguzo kubasebenzi babo, njengezibhedlela ezidinga abasebenzi ukuba bagonywe ukulwa nesifo sofuba esibhedlela.
Ukugonywa Okugunyaziwe Ngokumelene Nokugonywa
Umqondo wokuthi "ukugonywa okuphoqelelwe" kuyisabisa futhi enobudlova.
Kodwa lapho izingane zikhonjiswa phansi izikhulu zikahulumeni ngenkathi abazali bazo bengakhulumi ngokuphikisana ngokuphikisanayo ngokuqinisekile ziphoqelela-iqiniso liyinto encane kakhulu.
Wonke ama-50 athi anezidingo zokugoma ezinganeni, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi izingane ziphoqelelwe ukuba zigonywe. Izidingo zilinganiselwe kulabo abaya esikoleni, futhi ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, abazali abangafuni ukugoma banamathuba okukhetha.
Kuzo zonke izimo, izingane ezingafanele zithole imishanguzo yezizathu zezokwelapha-ezifana nokuguqula noma izifo-zingathola izidingo zezokwelapha ezidingekayo zokugoma. Futhi kuzo zonke izifunda ezintathu-eCalifornia, Mississippi naseNtshonalanga Virginia abazali banakho ukuphuma emithonjeni yezizathu ezingekho zokwelapha, njengokuphikisana nenkolo yokugoma. Kwamanye amazwe uthi, inqubo yokuthola ukungatholakali kwezokwelapha kwengane ilula njengokusayina ifomu. Izinqubo ezinzima kunazo zonke zihilela abazali abaqhuba imodemu yokufundisa noma ukwelulekwa ngudokotela ezinkingeni nezinzuzo zokugoma ngaphambi kokuba bathole ukukhululwa. Futhi nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi kube yindlela enhle kunazo zonke noma engokoqobo kubazali, izingane ezihlala emakhaya zikhululiwe ezidingweni zokugoma esikoleni, futhi.
Ngisho nangamathuba okuphuma emithonjeni, noma kunjalo, amaphesenti amabili kuphela abafundi abawenzayo.
Ukubaluleka Kwezincoma Eziphakanyisiwe
Nakuba izifunda ziyaqhubeka nokwandisa izidingo zokugoma izikole, azizona eziphelele-ngakho-ke hhayi njengesivikelo-njengoba isimiso esinconywayo senziwa yi-CDC.
Isibonelo, ngenkathi amazwe amaningi adinga ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhwehlela "ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela" -ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi abasebancane, okubili kuphela kudinga ukugonywa kwe-HPV, futhi akukho mhlaba owodwa odinga umkhuhlane. Lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhuhlane ne-HPV babulala abantu abaningi kakhulu e-United States.
Ngokombiko weNyuvesi yaseTexas I-MD Anderson Isikhungo Somdlavuza e-Houston, ama-cancer amathathu kuphela ayisithupha ahlobene ne-HPV abulale abantu abangaba ngu-7 000 ngonyaka e-United States, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-500 avela ku-meningitis nase-pertussis. Zombili ziphaphathekile uma ziqhathaniswa nokufa okulinganiselwa ku-12 000-56,000 okwenziwa minyaka yonke ngumkhuhlane. Yingakho isimiso se-CDC sincoma imithi yokugoma ngokumelene nazo zonke lezi zifo ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-11-12. Zibaluleke kakhulu emehlweni e-ACIP ukuvikela impilo yabasha, kepha akudingeki esikoleni.
Uma umgomo ungadingeki ngempela wonke umuntu ukuba athole, i-ACIP inezindlela zokubonisa ukuthi kungcono ukuzikhethela. Isibonelo, ikomidi linikeze ukugonywa kwe-meningococcal B "ukuncoma" okwesikhashana ngo-2015, ngokuyisisekelo ukushiya kubahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze banqume ngeziguli uma umgomo ufanelekile esimweni sokwethenjelwa.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ngezansi: Izidingo zokugoma ziyizinga eliphansi. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo oluphakanyisiwe luyinkimbinkimbi, labo abalandelayo ngeke babe nezidingo zomhlangano wezinkinga zesikole noma umsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola okudingayo kuphela kuzokushiya usengozini yokuvimbela-nezifo ezingathintekayo.
> Imithombo:
> Ashrawi D, Javaid M, Stevens L, Bello R, Ramondetta L. I-University of Texas I-MD Anderson Cancer Centre. I-HPV Vaccine iyifinyelela ku-Texas Izilungiselelo Zokunakekelwa Kwezingane Zasekhaya Texas: Umbiko we-Environmental Assessment Scan 2014-2015.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Schedule Yokugonywa Yokunconywa Yabantwana Nezingane Ezikhulile Zeminyaka Eyishumi Nane noma Encane, United States, 2017.
> Ukugonywa kwe-Action Coalition. Ulwazi lombuso.
> Inkomfa Kazwelonke Yomthetho Wezifundazwe. Amazwe ngamaKhristu aKwaZulu-Natali noma aKwaseFilosophical Izidingo ezivela ezikoleni zokugoma.