Njengoba abacwaningi bethola izindlela ezintsha futhi eziphephile zokulwa nezifo eziyingozi, isimiso se-US semishanguzo sikhule kakhulu. Namuhla, izingane ezigonywe ngokugcwele nezinsizwa zivikelwe ezifweni ezingu-16 nezinhlobo ezihlukene ezingu-7 zomdlavuza-okungaphezu kwabazali babo noma ugogo nomkhulu.
Ngenkathi abazali abaningi bezamukele lezi zinguquko, abanye bakhathazeka ngenani elikhulayo kanye nemvamisa yemigomo izingane ezithola phakathi neminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokuphila futhi bazibuza ukuthi noma yini isimiso siphephile ukulandela.
Kungokwemvelo ukuba uqaphe. Ngokuthola ulwazi oluningi oluphikisanayo nezindaba ezibuhlungu ezikhulumeni zenhlalo, kungaba nzima kubazali ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izincomo zokuzethemba-ikakhulu uma kuziwa empilweni. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuqonda okungcono ukuthi uhlelo lokugoma lwenziwa kanjani, futhi kungani kubhekwa njengendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuvikela izingane ezifweni ezingathí sina.
Ngubani okhetha uhlelo lokugonywa kwezingane?
Ngenkathi i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) inquma ukuthi imishanguzo ingathengiswa kanjani e-US, yiKomiti Elulekayo Yokuzivocavoca (ACIP) eyenza izincomo ukuthi yimiphi imigomo okufanele inikezwe futhi nini. Lezi zincomo kamuva zamukelwa yiCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kanye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), futhi isetshenziswe amaqembu ezempilo ezweni lonke ukugoma iziguli.
I-ACIP iyinhlangano yokuzithandela yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ezihlanganisa:
- Iqembu lamalungu angu-15 avoti abakhethwa yiNobhala weMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu ngemuva kwenqubo yokufaka isicelo nokuphakanyiswa. Kuleli qembu, abangu-14 banokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu emasimini ezempilo noma ezempilo ezihlobene ngqo nokugoma, njengabacwaningi, odokotela bezokwelapha, kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo. Okungenani oyedwa omele umthengi onganikeza umbono ngempembelelo encane eqondile yesikhathi sokugoma, njengokuthi izinguquko esimisweni zingathinta kanjani imiphakathi.
- Abamele bevela ezinhlanganweni eziningi ezinjenge-AAP kanye ne-American Academy of Family Physicians. Lawa malungu anganikeza ukuqonda kanye nombono ngeziphakamiso ezingenzeka noma izinguquko kuhlelo, kepha abavoteli kuzo.
Ukuvikela ukulwa nokuphikisana kwezintshisekelo, abafakizicelo abanezibopho zamanje ezakhiwa abakhiqizi bamagciwane banqatshelwe, futhi abacwaningi abasebenzayo ekutadisheni imishanguzo ethile abakwazi ukuhlanganyela emavoti ahlobene nomgomo abawufundayo noma imishanguzo eyenziwe izinkampani ezixhase ucwaningo lwabo.
Ngabe iHlelo Lokugoma Livame Ukubuyekezwa Kanjani?
I-ACIP ihlangana kathathu ngonyaka ukuze ihambisane nayo yonke inhlolovo etholakalayo njengamanje ezindabeni ezihlobene nemigomo bese ibuyekeza isimiso ngokufanele. Ukuze wenze le nqubo ibe lula, kungenzeka ukuthi ikomidi ithumele imizuzu yabo yemihlangano futhi ihlelwe ama-agenda ku-website ye-CDC, futhi yonke imihlangano ye-ACIP ivulelekile emphakathini nasakazwa bukhoma nge-webcast.
Phakathi kwemihlangano, amalungu asebenza emaqenjini amancane okusebenza agxile emigomeni ethile kanye nezifo ezithile. Lawa maqembu aphikisana nawo wonke ucwaningo lwamuva-kuhlanganise nokwaziswa ngamagciwane okwamanje okumele avunywe yi-FDA-ukuze afinyelele ikomidi lonke. Imishanguzo emisha ixoxwa ngezikhathi eziningi, ngezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo ezivela emaqenjini omsebenzi, ngaphambi kokuthi zibhekwe njengengeziwe ohlelweni lokugoma.
Uma amalungu evoti evoti, acabangisisa ngezici ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- Ingabe umgomo uvikelekile futhi usebenza uma unikezwa eminyakeni ethile kanye neminye imithi enikezwe ngesikhathi esifanayo?
- Ingabe umgomo uvimbela isifo noma isifo esasongela ukuphila okungathí sina?
- Ingabe izingane eziningi zithola lesi sifo uma zingatholi umgomo?
- Yeka ukuthi lesi sincomo sasizosebenza kanjani iziguli kanye nezisebenzi zokwelapha okufanele zilandele?
Ngemuva kwayo yonke le mibuzo kanye nokunye okuxoxwa kahle futhi kuxoxwa ngakho, futhi umphakathi unikezwe ithuba lokuhlanganyela imicabango yabo phakathi nemihlangano, ikomidi livoti lokufaka, ukususa noma ukuguqula izincomo ezithile kanye nesimiso esisha esibuyekeziwe, eshicilelwe ukuqala konyaka wekhalenda ngalinye.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le schedule akumele utshele abazali ukuthi yimiphi imigomo edingekayo esikoleni. Lolu hlu lubekwe nguhulumeni ngamunye wesifundazwe. Inhloso yalo enkulu ukuqondisa odokotela, abazali, kanye nabanakekelayo ukuthi yiziphi izitofu okufanele zinikezwe njalo ngezizathu eziningana.
Ingabe Uhlelo Oluyiminyaka Yokugonywa Lubekwe Ematshe?
Uhlelo olwenziwe yizinqubo ezibalulwe ngenhla kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu kunazo zonke yokuvikela izingane ezifweni, ngokususela ekucwaningeni kwamanje.
Uma kwenziwa izincomo futhi isimiso sishicilelwe, ukuhlolwa akuyeki. I-ACIP yenza isimiso sisekelwe kuwo wonke idatha abanayo okwamanje, kodwa ulwazi olusha luqoqwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma noma nini ucwaningo lukhomba umuthi wokugoma ungekho ophephile noma osebenzayo njengoba ucatshangwa ngaphambilini, noma uma amanani okudinga adingeka noma angeke ahlukaniswe ngendlela ehlukile, isimiso sishintshiwe.
Isibonelo, ngo-2016 i-ACIP ivotelwe ukuthi ayisaphakamise inguqulo ye-nasal spray yomgomo wokugoma. Lapho kukhishwa okokuqala, idatha yakuqala emgodini wokugonywa ibonise ukuthi yayiphumelele-uma kungenjalo-kunokuba isifo somkhuhlane sendabuko. Kodwa ucwaningo olusha kusukela ngo-2013-2015 lubonise ukuthi aluphumelelanga kakhulu kunalokho okukholelwa ngaphambilini. Ngenxa yokuthola ulwazi olusha, i-ACIP yehlile izincomo zayo zonyaka ozayo wezikhukhula, futhi kunalokho kunconywa ukuba wonke umuntu onyangeni ezingu-6 athole inqubo yendabuko, ejojowe .
Umsebenzi we-ACIP ukuhlola ngokucophelela izingozi ezihambisana nezinzuzo, futhi uma izinzuzo zomuthi wokugoma wamagciwane omzimba ungasaphinde uzivelele izingozi ezihambisana nawo, zashintsha isimiso sokubonisa lokho.
Ingabe lolu hlelo lusebenza ngokulinganayo kumuntu wonke?
Ngesikhathi isimiso sokugoma senzelwe ukuba sisetshenziswe kabanzi kubo bonke abantwana abaneminyaka ethile, kunezinye izingane ezingase zidingeke zilandele isimiso esilungisiwe ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi. Izingane ezizitholayo, isibonelo, ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuthola imishanguzo ebukhoma , njengalezo ezibhekene nesishukela noma iminyango, ngoba izivikelo zomzimba zazo zibuthakathaka. Labo abasengozini enkulu kunezifo ezibangelwa izifo ezibangelwa i-meningitis kungase kudingeke ukuthi bagonywe ngesikhathi esingaphansi kunontanga yabo.
I-ACIP ithatha lezo zingane ukuthi zicatshangelwe futhi zinezincazelo ezisezingeni eliphansi phakathi nesimiso sokuhlinzeka iziqondiso kubachwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuthi ngubani okufanele aphuze, asheshe, engeza noma asuse imithi ethile kanye nokuthi nini. Ngenxa yobuningi bezingane nentsha, noma kunjalo, ukunamathela esimweni esivunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhamba.
Ingabe Kuyingozi Ukulandela Uhlelo Oluhlukile?
Ngisho nalapho abazali bebiza imishanguzo njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela impilo yezingane zabo, bangakwazi ukungabaza ukulandela isimiso esinconywayo. Abanye, esikhundleni salokho, banqume ukulibaziseka noma ukuyeka imithi ethile noma ukhethe ukungena "isikhala" ukuze izingane zabo zithole kuphela ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, banethemba lokunciphisa izingozi ezihambisana nokugoma, kepha ukulandela lezi zinhlobo zezinye izinhlelo kungase kwande izingozi.
Akukona nje ukukhipha imishanguzo ukushiya izingane ezikhungethwe izifo isikhathi eside kunesidingo-zibeka engozini yokuchayeka izifo ezifana nesimungumungwane nokukhwehlela lapho zilindele ukugonywa-kodwa zidinga ukuvakashelwa njalo ehhovisi likadokotela lapho bekwazi khona ukubamba ezinye izifo kanye.
Kodwa mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, isimiso sokunciphisa izingane esinconywe yi-ACIP senzelwe ukuvikela izingane ekuqaleni-kodwa futhi ngokuphepha-ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukunikeza imishanguzo enhlanganisela ehlukene noma ngezikhathi ezehlukene kungabenza bangasebenzi kahle, noma benze imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Asazi. Ngenkathi sihlala sihlolisisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezincomo ze-ACIP, asinayo idatha efanayo yamashejuli afanelekile.
Ukuguqula isimiso esisekelwe ezinkolelweni noma izintandokazi ngabanye akuqedi izingozi - kushintsha nje ukuthi yiziphi izingozi abazali abazithathayo.
Amashejuli Wokugoma Ahlukile Kwelinye Izwe Kuya Ezweni-Futhi Kulungile
Ngenkathi i-US inesimiso esifanayo sokugoma kulawo asetshenziswa yi-United Kingdom noma i-Australia, isikhathi kanye nezinhlobo zemigomo ziyahlukahluka. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi amazwe ahluke. Kuzo zonke izizwe ukuzinquma isikhathi sokugoma esekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwazo kwezinzuzo ezihambisana nezingozi. Izinto ezifana nesifo esivamile nokuthi iziguli zithola kanjani ukugoma nemithi yokwelapha zingahlukahluka ezweni lonke, futhi lezi zicabangela zibalulekile uma ziphikisana lapho imithi yokugoma kufanele inikezwe.
I-World Health Organisation isekela kule nqubo ngokunikeza isiqondiso emisebenzini yokunconywa yokugoma, nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe lezi zihlelo zihloswe ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengendlela okubhekiswe kuyo izinhlelo zikazwelonke zokugoma, hhayi iziguli noma odokotela.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Mayelana ne-ACIP.
> Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, et al. Ukuvimbela Nokulawulwa Kwesifo Sokukhulelwa Kwamanye Nonyaka Ngezincoma Izincomo zeKomidi Eluleka Ngezindlela Zokugoma - United States, 2016-17 Influenza Isizini . I-MMWR I-Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2016; 65 (5): 3.
> Robinson CL, uRomero JR, uKempe A, iKomidi eliPhakamiso likaPellegrini C. lezinqubo zokugoma eziphakanyisiwe I-Schedule Yokugoma Yezingane Nezingane Ezisebekhulile Zineminyaka Engama-18 Noma Encane - United States, 2017. I-MMWR i-MMBR i-Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017; 66: 134-135.