Ukugonywa kwezingane ezindala kuyadingeka ukuba ube nakho
Uma sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela esikoleni, akungabazeki ukuthi uzobe ubeka amaphepha ezincwadi namapensele, uthola isikhwama esisha, bese uyisayina imisebenzi ye ntambama. Nansi into eyodwa yokuhlola uhlu lwakho lokukwenza: Qinisekisa ukuthi imishanguzo yakhe isesikhathini. Amanye alabo abathola njengengane noma encane kudingeka aphindwe njengoba efinyelela eminyakeni ethile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho yokugoma ingashintsha kusukela ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulu uma umuntu omusha enza i-debut. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuqhutshwa isibhamu se- chickenpox ngo-2006, isibonelo. Amazwe ahlukene angase abe nemithetho ehlukene, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini edingekayo lapho uhlala khona. Ngokwesibonelo, isibhamu se-hepatitis A sidinga kuphela izingane ezindala ezindaweni ezithile zase-United States ezibhekwa njengengozi enkulu, ngakho kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi ingane yakho ingase ingadingi ukuya esikoleni.
Okulandelako ukugonywa okuvame ukufunwa ezikoleni eziningi e-US kanye nokwaziswa mayelana nokuthi banikezwa nini, yini abayivikelayo, nokuningi. Yisebenzise njengesiqondiso kuphela: Buza ingane yengane yakho uma ingane yakho idinga ukudubula okuvuselelwe ngaphambi kokubeka inyawo ebhasini elikhanyayo lezikole eliphuzi.
I-DTaP
Lena umuthi wokugoma ovikela ukulwa ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-pertussis.
Izingane eziningi ziye zathola amanani amahlanu ngesikhathi sokuqala esikoleni, kufaka phakathi eyodwa emva kokuzalwa kwabo kwesine.
I-booster ye-tetanus iyadingeka kwabantwana abaneminyaka engu-11 kuya ku-12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugonywa kwe- Tdap (i-Boostrix noma i-Adacel) kunconywa kubasha (kufaka phakathi esikoleni sakho esiphakeme) nabantu abadala ukuwavikela kusuka ku-pertussis.
I-MMR
Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR uhlanganisa izifo ezintathu: isishukela, izimpungushe, kanye ne-rubella futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kule minyaka yokuvuthwa kwemashukela. Amanani amabili e-MMR avame ukudingwa ngesikhathi ingane iqala isikole. I-schedule evamile iyadutshulwa eyodwa eneminyaka engu-1, kanti umthamo wesibili phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 ukuya ku-6.
I-IPV
Lokhu kudutshulwa yikholiyo. Iningi lezingane zinemithi emine noma emihlanu yokugoma i-polio ngesikhathi beqala isikole, kufaka phakathi eyodwa emva kokuzalwa kwayo kwesine-nje ngesikhathi se-enkulisa.
I-Varicella
Umuthi wokugoma we-varicella uvikela ekukhuseleni kwenkukhu. Uma ingane yakho ingenayo inkukhu yezinkukhu, izodinga umgomo wesikole. Uzophinde adingeke ukuba athole isibhamu lapho ephakathi kuka-4 no-6, noma ngabe wayenomthamo wokuqala lapho esemncane.
I-hepatitis B
Lo mgomo uhlinzekwa ochungechungeni lwezingqimba ezintathu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izingane ezindala zivame ukuba nazo zonke ezintathu ezineminyaka engu-12.
I-hepatitis A
Zonke izinsana nezinsana zithola lolu daba, futhi ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-US, kuyadingeka ukuba izingane ezincane zize ezikoleni zasenkulisa.
Ngokuvamile, izingane ezindala kufanele zithole isibhamu sesibili se-Hepatitis A kuphela uma zihlala endaweni engozini kakhulu enehlelo lokugoma le-hepatitis A elikhona noma uma zisengozini enkulu-ngokwesibonelo, zihamba emazweni asathuthuka, zihlukunyezwa izidakamizwa, zinenkinga yokuvala i-clotting, noma isifo sesibindi esingapheli.
Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal
Wonke umuntu oneminyaka engu-11 kuya kwengu-12 kufanele agonywe ngesilinganiso esisodwa somuthi wokugoma we-meningococcal conjugate, ovikela izifo ezinjenge-meningitis. Izingane zidinga ukudubula kwesibili ngo-16 ukuze zihlale zivikelekile uma ingozi yabo iphezulu kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Kwamagciwane Nokulungiswa Kwezifo. "I-Schedule Yokugonywa Yokugonywa Kwezingane Nezingane Ezikhulile Zeminyaka E-18 noma Encane, UNITED STATES, 2017".
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokugoma Nezifo Zokuphefumula. Ngo-February 1, 2016.