Ama-Anti-Vaccine Myths and Misinformation

Izinkolelo Ezigcina Abazali Bokukhumbuza Izingane Zabo

"Ngenze ucwaningo lwami," abazali bavame ukusho uma sebekulungele ukulibala noma ukweqa imithi.

Ngenxa yokuthi umqondo wokuthi imithi iyingozi, kulula ukuyiphikisa, ukunyakaza okuvimbela ukuvimbela umqondo ohambisana nezinganekwane eziningi kanye nolwazi olungalungile lokudidliza abazali abazama ukwenza "ucwaningo lwabo" emigomeni nokuthi bangcono kanjani ukugcina izingane zabo ziphephile futhi ziphilile .

Lo mhlahlandlela wezingqikithi ezingu-50 ezivame ukwelashwa okuvimbela ukugoma uzokusiza uqonde ukuthi imithi iphephile, iyadingeka, nokuthi ukugonywa kwezingane zakho futhi kuvikelwe ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izifo ezivimbela ukugoma kuyisinqumo esifanele sokwenza.

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Akekho Omunye Osesengozini Uma Ngingazigodli Izingane Zami

Umqondo ovamile wokuthi abantu abaphikisana nomuthi wokugoma basebenzise ukuzenzele isinqumo sabo ngokwabo ukucabanga ukuthi "uma imishanguzo isebenza kahle, ngakho-ke izingane zakho azikho engozini uma ngikhetha ukungagonanga noma ukukhetha izingane zami ukugoma."

Yiqiniso, izingane ezingabantu abangenakuvotelwa kanye nabantu abadala abangafaka ingozi kwabanye, ikakhulukazi labo abasencane kakhulu ukuthi bangagonywa nalabo abanezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba, abangakwazi ukugonywa.

Izingane ezingavunyelwe kanye nabantu abadala banesibopho sokuqala izinkinga eziningi esiqhubeka sizibona namhlanje, kubandakanya ukuqubukana kwesisimungumzimba okubiza izigidi zamaRandi ukuba ziqukathe.

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Imithi Yenza I-Autism

Abantu kanye nezinhlangano ze-autism ezizama ukugcina ukugxila ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwemigomo ne-autism empeleni zilimaza kakhulu izingane ze-autistic, abadala abadala, nemindeni yabo. Bangathola kanjani usizo uma laba bantu abaphikisana nokugoma beqhubeka nokugxila emigodleni njengesizathu se-autism?

Imishanguzo ayibangeli i-autism.

I-Autism Omnibus Proceedings yasiza ukuxosha iningi lama-autism okushoyo enkantolo yokugoma. Ukuhlukanisa izimangalo ezimweni zokuhlola, bathola ukuthi ukuvimbela i-MMM noma ukuvimbela i-MMR kwabangela i-autism.

Ukuhlelwa kwecala likaHannah Polling, intombazane encane ene-mitochondrial disorder kanye ne-autism, yayingekho ukuvunyelwa yinkantolo yokugoma ukuthi imishanguzo ibangele i-autism, njengabantu abathile.

Futhi ekubuyekezweni kwabo, "I-Vaccines ne-Autism: I-Tale of Hypotheses," uDkt. Jeffery S. Gerber noDkt Paul A. Offter baphetha ngokuthi:

Ucwaningo lwe-20 lwe-epidemiologic lubonise ukuthi ukuvimbela i-thimerosal noma i-MMR kungabangela i-autism. Lezi zifundo zenziwa emazweni amaningana ngabaphenyi abaningi abahlukene abaye basebenzisa ubuningi bezindlela ze-epidemiologic nezibalo.

Ubukhulu obukhulu babantu abafundwayo benikeze izinga lamandla wokubala okwanele ukuthola izinhlangano ezingavamile. Lezi zifundo, ngokubambisana nokungahambi kahle kwemvelo ukuthi imithi igxile ekuzivikelweni komzimba wengane, iye yachitha ngokuphumelelayo umqondo wokuthi imishanguzo ibangela i-autism. Izifundo ezengeziwe ngezizathu noma izimbangela ze-autism kufanele zigxile ekuholeni okuthembisayo.

Kukhona futhi iqiniso lokuthi:

• Ucwaningo olungaphezu kwekhulu lubonise ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism.
• Imibiko eminingi ye-Institute of Medicine iphetha ngokuthi abukho ubudlelwane phakathi komuthi wokugoma we-MMR kanye ne-autism, imithi yokuvimbela isifo se-thimerosal ne-autism, nokuthi "izinkinga ezimbalwa zezempilo zibangelwa noma zihlotshaniswa ngokucacile nemigomo."
• okungenani isifundo esisodwa sitholile ukuthi "amazinga we-autism spectrum disorder diagnosis awahlukile phakathi kwamaqembu abancane abanjwe ngamagciwane kanye nabangenasimweni" wezingane ezine-autism.
• Ucwaningo lokuthi abantu abaphikisana ne-vax basebenzisa ukubiza uxhumano phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism noma abahlangene nhlobo nemithi yokugoma, akukho lutho oluphathelene ne-autism, noma bayasuswa kalula.

Imishanguzo ayibangeli i-autism.

U-Andrew Wakefield naye akaqinisekisiwe kwesokudla. Kube khona izenzakalo eziphawulekayo zokufakazela ukuthi Wakefield ulungile.

Kwakungekho ukuvunyelwa kukahulumeni e-US Vaccine Court. Icala likaRyan Mojabi laliphathelene ne-encephalitis, hhayi i-autism. Ngakho imishanguzo ayibangeli imbangela ye-autism.

Kwakungekho iphephandaba lezesayensi. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lwamuva, "Imithi yokugoma ayihlotshaniswa ne-autism: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-analysis-based control of case-case kanye nezifundo zamaqembu," futhi waphinde wathi imithi ayihlotshaniswa ne-autism.

U-Andrew Wakefield akazange aqinisekiswe, futhi wonke umuntu usacabanga ukuthi isihloko sikaWakefield esixhumanisa umgomo we-MMR kanye ne-autism kwakuyikhohlisi.

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Ukukhishwa Ngemva Kwemithi Ithola Abantu Abagulayo

Empeleni kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izigciwane zingaphala igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngemuva kokunikezwa ingane, kodwa akuyona isizathu sokugwema imigomo. Isibonelo, kokubili i-rotavirus kanye nemigomo ye-polio yomlomo ingalahla igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Akudingeki ukuba uthole i-rotavirus noma ukutheleleka nge-polio ukuze kwenzeke lokho, kodwa kungaba yinkinga kuphela uma umuntu oxhumana nabo e-immunocompromised.

I-Flumist nayo ingayilahla (isifo segciwane lesifo sofuba esisebenza kuphela emaqenjini angasese), kodwa akuvamile ukuthi lokhu kubangele ukuthi kubonakale ukuthi kunezifo zomkhuhlane kumuntu. Eqinisweni, noma ngabe uzoba nomuntu osesimweni sokuzivikela esimfutho (ngaphandle uma eseyunithi yamathambo noma okuthile), usengathola i-Flumist.

Ukudliwa ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga neminye imithi, okufaka neminye imithi ephilayo . Futhi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi alinikezwe ngisho nase-United States.

Ngabe abantu abaphikisana ne-vax bakhathazekile kanjani mayelana nokuchitha ukugoma? Ngempela ungakwazi ukufunda ngendlela abanye abazali abangenayo ngenhloso yokugoma izingane zabo baphume endleleni yabo ukuze bagweme abangane nabamalungu omndeni abagoma ngoba banenkinga yokubamba okuthile!

Khumbula ukuthi iKomidi Lezokwelapha Le-Immune Deficiency Foundation lixwayisa ngokuthi "ingozi ekhulayo yezifo ezinganeni, ngenxa yezindleko ezikhulayo zokulahla umuthi wokugoma," okungasho ukuthi abantwana abangenayo ingozi enkulu yokuvezwa ezifweni ezivimbela igciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, abakhathazekile ngokugonywa kwezingane ezigonywe. Eqinisweni, ukugwema izifo ezivimbela ukugoma, zikhuluma ngokudala "i-cocoon" evikela abantu abagonywe izifo ezinezifo eziyinhloko zokuzivikela. "

Esikitatimendeni senqubomgomo, "Izincomo zokugoma eziphilayo ezibangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye ne-bacteria ezigulini ezingenakuzivikela kanye nabathintana nabo abaseduze," basho ukuthi ngaphandle kokugoma komlomo we-polio, oxhumana nabo abasondelene neziguli ezinokukhubazeka "bangathola iminye imigomo ejwayelekile ngoba ukuchithwa kwegciwane kungenakwenzeka futhi lokhu kubeka ingozi encane yokutheleleka enkulumweni enegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. "

Uma ukuchithwa kwegciwane kungabi yingozi kubantwana abane-immunodeficiency, kungani kufanele kube isizathu sokugwema imishanguzo noma izingane ezigonywe?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abazali abathile abaphikisana no-vax bayaphuma endleleni yabo ukuze bathathe izingane zabo ukuze zikhuphe izinkukhu zezinkukhu, ngakho-ke izingane zabo zizobamba lesi sifo ngokuzithandela, kodwa zikhathazeke ngabo ngokubamba uhlobo olubi lwesifo ngokusuka ingane eyayine-vaccine ye-chicken pox ...

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Abantu Abaningi Abagulayo Ngesikhathi Izivunguvungu Ziyogonywa

Iningi labantu abagulayo ngesikhathi sokuqubuka akugonywanga uma ubheka iphesenti lokugonywa futhi lingavunyelwe ekugqaseni.

Nakuba inani eliphelele lamacala kwezinye iziqhumane lingase libandakanye abantu abaningi abaye baqotshwa kancane noma ngokuphelele, lokho kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi kakhulu bathole yonke imishanguzo yabo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abaye beqa umuthi owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka izinga lokuhlaselwa abantu abagonywe nabangavunyelwe ekugqaseni.

Cabanga ngesinye isikole sabantwana abayizinkulungwane ezingu-44 kanti abangu-44 kubo bathola imizuzu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka, abangu-29 bayagonywa, kanti abangu-15 abakhona. Uma amaphesenti angama-95 abantu esikoleni abagonyelwe, ngakho-ke nakuba kubonakala sengathi banomgomo owedlule kakhulu kunezingane ezingavunyelwe ukungena emgodini, ngoba kwakukhona izingane ezincane ezingavunyelwe esikoleni (izingane ezingama-50 ezingavunyelwe izingane ezigodliwe), izinga lokuhlaselwa liphakeme kakhulu kulabo abangazange bathole umgomo. Eqinisweni, kulezi zibonelo, labo abangazange bagonywe babe nethuba eliphindwe kasikhombisa lokukhula kwezimpethu kunalabo abagonywe, nakuba izingane eziningi ezigonywe zigula (khumbula ukuthi izingane ezingama-35 ezingenagciwane azizange zithole imithi, kuyilapho abangu-921 begonywe zazivikelwe futhi azitholanga izimpungushe) kanti ukugoma kwabo kwakungamaphesenti angaba ngu-90 okusebenzayo ekugciniwe ekubambeni izimpungushe.

Ngokusobala kufanele ucwaninge izinombolo kulezi ziqhumane kancane ngaphambi kokukholelwa ukuthi iningi labantu ligonyelwe.

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Imithi Akusebenzi Ngempela

Imishanguzo iyasebenza futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo ezivimbela ukugoma.

Abantu abaphikisana ne-anti-vax bazama ukupholisa abantu ukuthi izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma ziphelile ngaphambi kokuba umuthi othile wokuvimbela uvulwe, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi "amanzi ahlanzekile nokudla okunempilo." Bathi amagciwane awasisindisi nokuthi imithi ayisebenzi ngisho. Amawebhusayithi amaningi e-anti-vax ayenamagrafu ukuze 'asekele' ama-graph-the-graphs azo kanye nama-claim aphethwe ngokuphelele.

Inkinga enkulu nalomqondo ongamanga ukuthi iningi lalezi zifo laqala ukuqedwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene-isibungu, i-diphtheria, i-polio, isingqungquthela, njll. Uma ukuhlanzeka nokudla okunempilo kwakuyizizathu, bekungeke yini kuqedwe Ngisikhathi esifanayo?

Futhi kungani ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-rotavirus nezinkukhu zezinkukhu, zinciphisa kuze kube yilapho kamuva, lapho imishanguzo yabo isungulwa?

Futhi cabanga ukuthi indodakazi ka-Queen Victoria, Princess Alice nendodakazi yakhe, uChristine Marie, bobabili bafa nge-diphtheria ngo-1878. Ingabe babengenayo amanzi ahlanzekile futhi bafinyelela ekudleni okunempilo eWindsor Castle ngaleso sikhathi?

Ekupheleni kwalezi zinkolelo zokulwa nokugoma yibo abacabanga ukuthi izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma azange ziqedwe nhlobo! Bamane bakholelwa ukuthi odokotela kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo zomphakathi bashintsha nje igama lezifo ngenhloso enkulu yokwenza nje kubonakale sengathi izifo zahamba.

Bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zifo, njenge-poliyo, zisalokhu zikhona-nje ngamagama ahlukene.

Isibonelo, kunokuba usendleleni yokuqedwa, i-polio ikhona ngempela-ibizwa ngokuthi i-Guillain-Barré syndrome manje. Futhi i-ingulube? Lokho kwakungakaze kuqedwe ngempela ngawo-1970. Manje sekuyi-monkeypox.

Akupheli lapho noma kunjalo. Ukukhwehlela okwesibhakabhakeni manje sekuyi- croup futhi i-diphtheria yi-epiglotitis.

Yini engalungile ngalolu mbono we-conspiracy?

1. Njengoba isifo sezinambuzane, i-polio, i-diphtheria, njll kwakujwayelekile kakhulu esikhathini sangaphambi kokugoma, uma amagama abo ashintshiwe, kungani singaboni abantu abaningi abane-Guillain-Barré syndrome, i-monkeypox, ne-epiglotitis namuhla?
2. Lezi zimo ezihlukene zinezimpawu ezihlukile kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho izingane zaseCalifornia zamuva zihlakulela isifo se-polio-like, odokotela babulawula ukuthi babe ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome.
3. Uma i-diphtheria ishintshwe nje ibe yi-epiglotitis, yikuphi okushintshiwe kuze kube manje, njengoba i-epiglotittis isuswe kakhulu ngenxa yokugonywa kwe-Hib?

Noma yini enye ofuna ukuyikholelwa ngemigomo, kufanele okungenani ukwazi ukuthi imishanguzo isebenza.

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Izifo ezivimbela isifo-mgciwane Akuzona ngempela lokho okubi kakhulu

Lena enye yemibono eyingozi kakhulu yokunyakaza okuvimbela ukugoma.

Isizathu sokuthi bahlukane nazo ngoba imishanguzo yenze umsebenzi omuhle kangaka! Njengoba izigciwane ziye zaqeda futhi zinciphisa izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma , abantu abambalwa abakhumbula ngempela ukuthi lezi zifo ezisongela ukuphila zingaba zimbi kangakanani.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi esikhathini sokuqala sokugoma:

• kwakukhona ukuqhuma okuvamile kwesifo sepholio e-United States okwenza amacala angu-13 000 kuya ku-20 000 we-poliotic poliomyelitis unyaka ngamunye kanye nokufa kwabantu abangaba ngu-1 000. Ngisho nasezikhungweni ze-polio ezinkulu kakhulu ngonyaka wama-1940 no-1950, kwaba khona ukufa kwabangu-3 145.
• kwakukhona amacala angaba ngu-500 000 wesimungumane e-United States, okungenani okufa okungu-500 kuya ku-1 000 namacala angu-500 we-measle encephalitis. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1989-1991, kwakukhona amacala angu-55 622 nokufa kuka-123 e-US.
• kwakukhona amacala angaphezu kuka-200 000 we-diphtheria nabangu-15 000 abafa ngonyaka ngamunye.
• i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lwama-bacterium b adala izifo ezisongela ukuphila, kuhlanganise ne-meningitis, i-epiglottitis, ne-pneumonia, ezinganeni ezingaba ngu-20 000 ezincane ngonyaka ngamunye. Abaningi babeyizinsana, futhi kwafika amaphesenti angama-5. Phakathi kwalabo abasinda ekutheleleni kwabo kwe-Hib, amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 abe nokuzwa ukukhubazeka noma izinkinga ze-neurologic.
• kwakukhona amacala angaba ngu-270,000 ama-pertussis nabangu-10 000 abafa ngonyaka ngamunye e-United States.
• Amantombazane angu-20 000 azalwa nge-rubella syndrome ebusweni ngesikhathi kuhlasela isifo esibi kakhulu se-rubella ngo-1964 (amacala angu-12.5 million). Abantwana abangaphezu kuka-2 100 bafa futhi kwakunenani lokukhishwa kwesisu okungu-11,250 ukuhlinzeka ngokukhipha izisu kwabafazi abane-rubella ngenkathi bekhulelwe. Ucwaningo lwe-rubin ka-1964 olucatshangelwa ukuthi luthinte okungenani amaphesenti angu-1 azo zonke ukukhulelwa. Lezi zifo ezinzima ze-rubella zazicatshangwa ukuthi zenzeke njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye, ezinezinkinga ezincane ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwemine.

Ngisho nanamuhla, izingane ezingaba ngu-200 000 zifa minyaka yonke kusukela e-pertussis, futhi okungenani abangu-122 000 bafa ngamasungisi emhlabeni jikelele.

Izifo ezivimbela igciwane zibonakala zingathí sina. Akufanele futhi singaqapheli iqiniso lokuthi bazoba njengokufa namuhla uma siyeka ukugoma izingane zethu futhi sibavumele ukuba babuyele e-United States.

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I-Big Pharma

Uma ubhekene nobufakazi bokuthi amaphuzu abo okukhulumisana nokugoma ayingqayizivele kanye nama-propaganda, isikhundla sokuwa emuva kaningi ukuthi ubizwa ngokuthi "shill ye-Big Pharma" uma usekela ngokulandela uhlelo lokugoma lwe-CDC ne-American Academy of Pediatrics .

Bavame ukuhamba baze bathi i-Big Pharma ikhokhela abantu ukuba bachithe usuku lonke bebhala imibono exhasayo ku-Facebook nasemabhokisini omyalezo.

I-Shima Gambit Pharma iyindlela evamile yokuhlasela yabaningi abakhetha ukwelashwa okunye eminye yezindlela zendabuko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kubandakanya ukuvikela izingane zabo ezifweni ezivimbela ukugoma. Ayikwazi ukuvikela isikhundla sakho ukuthi imithi igcwele isifo (i-toxin gambit) noma ukuthi ayisebenzi? Bese nje uqalise ukuhlasela kwe-ad hominem ongoti ophikisanayo. "

Akumangalisi ukuthi i-Big Pharma noma i-Pharma shill ingxabano isetshenziselwa ukuzama ukuhlaziya izicwaningo zocwaningo olwenziwe ngabantu abaphikisana no-vax.

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Imishanguzo Iqukethe I-Mercury Eningi Manje Kunanini

Abaningi bokuvimbela umuthi wokugoma baqhutshelwa ukukhathazeka mayelana nezinye izithako zomuthi wokugoma kanye nezithasiselo uma isishukela sasuswa emithonjeni emuva kuka-1999. Kukhona abanye abambelele emcimbini wokuthi imithi eminingi igcwele isifo segazi kanye nomqondo ophelele we-thimbosal emithonjeni kubangela i-autism.

Ngaphandle kokuthi isisindo segazi sisuswe cishe cishe yonke imithi eqala kusukela ngo-1999, imithi eminingi ayingakaze ibe ne-thimerosal, kuhlanganise:

• I-MMR
• I-Varivax (umgomo wokugoma inkukhu)
• umuthi wokugoma we-hepatitis A
• I-Flumist
• imithi ye-rotavirus (i-RotaTeq no-Rotarix)
• I-TdaP
• I-IPV (umgomo wokugoma ipholi)
• I-Menactra ne-Menveo
• Imishanguzo ye-HPV (Gardasil noCervarix)
• Prevnar (kokubili Prevnar 7 no Prevnar 13)

Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokuphakama kwe-mercury craze, kuthi ngo-1998, izingane zivame ukuthola imithi emithathu ephethe isifo segazi: i-hepatitis B, i-DTaP ne-Hib. Ayikho eminye imishanguzo eyayiyingxenye yesimiso sokugoma izingane ezinconywa ngonyaka ka-1998 eyake iqukethe i-thimerosal.

Ngisho noma kunjalo, izinguqulo ze-DTaP ne-Hib ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-thimerosal zazitholakala, ngakho-ke akuzona zonke izingane ezathola imithi ene-thimerosal noma yonke imithi emithathu ene-thimerosal. Abanye kungenzeka ukuthi bathole eyodwa noma amabili nje.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba kwakunconywa ukuthi isisindo se-thimerosal sisuswe emigodini, kwakuyindlela yokuqapha futhi ukuthi ochwepheshe bathi "ukuhlolwa kokungcupheni kokusetshenziswa kwesimiso emigodini yokugoma akutholaki ubufakazi bokulimala ekusetshenzisweni kwe-thimerosal njenge ukulondoloza, ngaphandle kokubomvu nokuvuvukala endaweni yokujova. "

Ngakho-ke, yini eseleyo ekuphikisweni kwe-thimerosal? Ayikho imishanguzo ekhona ene-thimerosal (okugcina iphelelwa yisikhathi ngoJanuwari 2003), i-CDC ayifihli idatha mayelana ne-mercury, imithi yokugoma, ne-autism, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokushukela kwemifucuza engenayo isifo etholakalayo kubazali ababafunayo. Eqinisweni, ukugoma kwezifo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 kuzoba yi-thimerosal mahhala noma i-conservative mahhala (ene-trace amount of thimerosal) kulo nyaka.

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Ishejuli Sokugoma Esikhethiwe Noma Esihlukile Sivikelekile

Uma umzali ecabanga ngesimiso sokugoma noma sokwelashwa okuhlukile, ngokuvamile bacabanga ngoDkt. Bob Sears.

Akayena kuphela ochwepheshe begciwane lokuzivocavoca ozibiza ngezinye izindlela zokuhlela umuthi wokugoma. Wayengeyena owokuqala. Uhlelo lwakhe lokugoma luvele luthandwa kakhulu.

Uhlelo lwe-vaccine lukaDkt. Bob oluhlukile luveza imithi ukuze izingane zingatholi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili, kodwa kufanele zithole isibhamu sanyanga zonke, kunqanda ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis A ne-hepatitis B kuze kube yilapho izingane zikhulile, futhi isimiso sakhe sokuqala sinconywa ngabanye imishukela, amathumbu, kanye nezibhamu ze-rubella esikhundleni sokugonywa kwe-MMR.

Uma isimiso sakhe sokugoma sesinye isikhathi sihlukumeze kakhulu kuwe, uDkt. Bob uphinde unikeze uhlelo lokugoma olukhethiwe.

Abazali kufanele baqonde ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo olukhethiwe noma oluhlukile lunganciphisa ukugoma komuthi wokugoma noma ngisho nokuvikela ukuphepha okuvimbela ukugoma (ukulibaziseka ekutholeni imishanguzo kushiya ingane yakho ingakhuselekanga futhi isengozini yokuthola izifo ezivimbela ukugoma), ayitholakali futhi ayiqinisekisiwe.

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Abantu Abaningi Abagodli Izingane Zabo

Iningi labantwana labazali abagoma izingane zabo ngokwemigomo yokuncoma yokuncoma ye-CDC ne-American Academy of Pediatrics.

Umbiko we-2015 ovela kwi-CDC wathola ukuthi ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-90 ezingane ezineminyaka engu-19 kuya kwezingu-35 zisesimweni sokugoma okulandelayo: i-polio; ukushisa kwesibindi B; isishukela, ama-mumps no-rubella; futhi i-varicella.

Omunye umbiko we-2016 ovela kwi-CDC, lo obuka ukugonywa kwabantwana enkulisa, wathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-95 ezingane angena enkulisa ayesigonyiwe ngokugcwele nesimungumungqangi (amanani amabili we-MMR) namaphesenti angaphezu kuka-94 we-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-acellular pertussis ukugoma phakathi kwamazwe angu-49 no-DC. Lo mbiko uphinde wathola amazinga wokukhishwa kwegciwane aqhubeke ephansi.

Uma kubonakala sengathi abantu abaningi obaziyo abagonyanga izingane zabo, kungenzeka ukuthi abazali abaningi abaphikisana ne-vax baqoqa ndawonye emaqenjini e-Facebook namabhodi womyalezo womzali ukuqinisa izinkolelo zabo. Bangase babhalise izingane zabo ezikoleni ezifanayo.

Futhi kuzo zonke izidakamizwa eziphikisana no-anti-vax ozifunda ngazo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nguJenny McCarthy, u-Alicia Silverstone, uKristin Cavallari, noma uRob Schneider, khumbula njalo ukuthi kukhona abahlonishwayo abaningi abangekho kuphela abagqugquzeli bokugoma, kodwa nabenza okuningi kakhulu kubantwana nxazonke emhlabeni, njenge:

• U-Ewan McGregor - wasebenza ne-UNICEF ukuba abhale phansi iCold Chain Mission yakhe "ukuletha imithi nokugoma izingane kwezinye izindawo ezikude kakhulu emhlabeni"
• UJennifer Garner - uye wakhuthaza imishanguzo yesifo somkhuhlane futhi manje useBhodi labaphathiswa be-Save the Children
• U-Lenny Kravitz - usebenza no-Unicef ​​ukubasiza ngenhloso yabo "ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-100 ezingane agonywe ngezifo ezivimbelekile. Ukuhluleka ukufinyelela wonke ingane yokugcina akumukeleki, ikakhulukazi uma izindleko zomuthi wokugoma zincane kakhulu."
• UDavid Beckham - Ngaphandle kokusebenza nohlelo lwe-Unicef's Sport for Development, uDavid Beckham uye wasiza izingane emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise nalabo abathintekayo yiZiphepho i-Haiyan ePhilippines naseTunami e-Indonesia.
• Keri Russell - Inkanyezi yeFelice kanye ne -American ihlukaniswe nabazali bezingane ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo (PKIDs) eSilence isimemezelo senkonzo yomphakathi we-Sounds of Pertussis.
• Serena Williams - wasebenza nemikhankaso yezempilo ka-Unicef ​​eGhana.
• USalma Hayek - Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukubeletha, wasiza abesifazane nabantwana babo e-Afrika nase-Asia bathola isibhamu se-tetanus.
• U-Christy Turlington Burns - waqala umkhankaso woMkhankaso Wonke Umama ukuqeda ukufa okuvinjelwe okubangelwa ukukhulelwa nokubeletha emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi ingxenye, ngokubanika ukufinyelela kwimigomo yokulondoloza impilo.

U-Ewan McGregor, ekuchazeni umsebenzi awenzayo futhi unikeza umbono omuhle, engicabanga ukuthi ucwaningisisa ukuthi kungani inhlangano yokulwa nokugoma ihlala isincane kangaka:

Uzwa ngabantu abangathandi ukugoma izingane zabo eNtshonalanga yezwe, engiyicabanga ukuthi iyisinqumo somuntu siqu, kodwa uma ukhona lapho, umphumela wezingane zakho ungagonywanga ukuthi cishe uzofa, noma ukulimala kabi. Ngakho yebo, ngabona isifiso sangempela sokuthi izingane zabo zivikeleke, futhi nokuqonda kwangempela-angizange ngifinyelele nanoma ubani ohamba ethi "Kuyini?" Noma "Kwenzenjani?" Bonke babonakala bekwazi ngakho.

Khumbula, iningi labazali abatholi ama- vaccine exemptions kodwa esikhundleni sokugoma izingane zabo futhi zibavikele ezifweni ezivimbela ukugoma.

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Imishanguzo Yenziwa Ngezicubu Zokufelwa Zomzimba

Imishanguzo ayenziwe ngezicubu ezifakwe emthonjeni.

Imishanguzo embalwa yenziwa ngemigqa yamaseli ayesuka ekuthomeni kwamaseli e-fibroblast avela ku-fetus ekhishiwe. Lokhu kwenzeke ngezikhathi ezimbili ezihlukene phakathi kwama-1960s, ukudala imigqa ye-MRC-5 ne-WI-38, lapho amagciwane akhule ukuze enze imithi ethile, kuhlanganise nomgomo wokugubha.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le migqa yeseli iye yaphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, manje ikhulile ngokuzimela, isuke isuka kude emasikweni okuqala asetshenzwa ngawo-1960, nokuthi akukho namaseli amasha asetshenziswe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi, lezi zindlela ezimbili zokukhipha isisu azenzelwe ucwaningo lokugoma.

Kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuphawula ukuthi phakathi nobhubhiso lwe-rubella ka-1964, kwakukhona:

• Amacala ayizigidi ezingu-12.5 ze-rubella e-United States
• Amacala angu-2 000 we-encephalitis ahlobene ne-rubella
• Ukukhishwa kwesisu okwezinye izikhathi ezingu-11,250 ngenxa yokuthi umama usulele igciwane le-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukufa kwezingane ezingu-2,100 ezibangelwa yi-rubella infections
• Amacala angu-20 000 we-rubella syndrome ezalwa

Kwaba ukuvimbela izinkinga ezimbi ukuthi umuthi wokugoma wokuqala we-rubella wasungulwa.

UDan Connors e-Catholic Digest ubeka ngokucophelela lezi zindaba lapho ethi: "Lezi zingane azizange zikhishwe ukuze zenze imishanguzo; empeleni, akekho ingane eyake yaxoshwa ekukhiqizeni umgomo, futhi ayikho izicubu ezithintekayo noma ngisho nezicubu ezivela izicubu zesisulu somntwana ophulukisiwe, usemgodini ngokwawo. "

Ngakho kufanele kucace ukuthi imishanguzo ayenziwanga ngezicubu ezifakwe emthonjeni. Ngcono kakhulu, ungasho ukuthi bambalwa imithi yokugoma "inhlangano ede kakhulu nokukhipha isisu," kodwa kufanele "kube sobala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezigciwane kulezi zimo akufakisani ngqo nomkhuba wokukhipha isisu kusukela izizathu zokukhipha isisu azikho okuhlobene nokulungiselela umuthi wokugoma. "

Lapho ucabanga ngalolu daba, abazali abathintekayo kufanele bacabangele umbono weNational Catholic Bioethics Centre, oshiwo ukuthi:

Omunye ukhululekile ekusebenziseni umgomo kungakhathaliseki ukuhlangana komlando nokukhipha isisu. Isizathu siwukuthi ingozi empilweni yomphakathi, uma umuntu ekhetha ukugoma, uphazamisa ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni mayelana nomsuka womuthi wokugoma. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubazali, abanesibopho sokuvikela impilo nempilo yezingane zabo nalabo abazungezile.

Ukucabanga ngalokhu "isibopho sokuziphatha" ukuvikela abantu ezigulini ezivimbela ukugoma, ngokuqinisekile kuzoshukumisela abazali abaningi ukuba bagcine izingane zabo zigonywe.

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Kuningi Ngokushesha Ngokushesha-Ukukhulula Umzimba Wokuzivikela Emzimbeni

"Ngokushesha kakhulu kakhulu" kwaba ukukhala kweJenny McCarthy ku-"Her Green Vaccines" ngo-2008.

Yiqiniso, umqondo wokuthi ukulandela ukugonywa kwengane okujwayele ukuqhubeka nokugonywa kwengane kunganciphisa indlela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somntwana esenziwe ngayo.

Eqinisweni, noma ngabe bathola imithi eminingi manje futhi bavikelekile ezifweni eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma, izingane zithola ama-antigens amancane kakhulu ngomgomo ngamunye kunanini ngaphambili.

Kungani kunjalo? Yilezi zinambuzane ezikhuthaza isimiso somzimba. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuqapha isimiso somzimba wakho wamasosha omzimba, yilokho ongakubuka, hhayi inani eliphelele lemigomo.

Isibonelo, izingane zazijwayele ukuthola kokubili umgomo wokugoma, okwakunamaprotheni angama-200 noma ama-antigens ngomgomo wokugoma kanye ne-DTP wokugoma, enezinhlamvu ezingu-3000. Lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu kunanani eliphelele lama-antigens KUYONKE imishanguzo izingane nezintsha ezitholayo namuhla, kusuka ku-hepatitis B kuya ku-HPV-cishe ama-antigens ayi-137 kuya kwangu-152.

UDkt. Ukunikezwa kuqala kukhuluma ngalolu mbuzo eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 eyedlule kulesi sihloko esithi, "Ukukhuluma Ngokukhathazeka Kwabazali: Ingabe Amakhukhu Amaningana Awakhathazekile Noma Awayeka Ukuzivikela Ngomntwana?" Wacoca ngendlela:

• Lapho izingane zizalwa, ziphuma endaweni engenawo oyinyumba yezibeletho zibe ezweni eligcwele amabhaktheriya namanye ama-microorganisms.
• I-neonate iyakwazi ukukhuphula impendulo ye-immune yokuzivikela emigodini engakapheli amahora okuzalwa.
• Le ntsana encane ikwazi ukukhiqiza izimpendulo zokuzivikela zomzimba ezivikelayo nezikhukhumeza emitholampilo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kulesi sihloko, uDkt Offit uphinde uchaze ukuthi "isistimu yomzimba yegazi" inamandla okuphendula kanjani ama-antigens amaningi kakhulu, "kuze kube sekuthi" insana ngayinye izoba namandla okukwazi ukuphendula imishanguzo engaba ngu-10 000 noma yisiphi isikhathi esisodwa. "

Uthe yini ukuthi izingane kufanele zithole imithi yokugoma ngesikhathi esisodwa? Nope. Kwakuyindlela enye yokuchaza ukuthi izingane zethu ngeke ziqede amasosha omzimba lapho zithola imishanguzo yabo.

UDkt. Offit empeleni wachaza ngenye indlela, ethi "uma imishanguzo engu-11 yanikezwa izinsana ngesikhathi esisodwa, cishe amaphesenti angu-0.1 omzimba wokuvikela omzimba" uzosetshenziswa. "

Noma ukubeka ngokucacile nakakhulu, izingane zethu azitholi imishanguzo eminingi kakhulu futhi ngeke siziqede amasosha omzimba uma siwagoma ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokugoma sesandulela ingane kusukela ku-CDC ne-AAP.

Futhi uma ngabe kukhona, izingane zivuleleka kuma-antigens ambalwa kakhulu kusuka emigodini kunanini ngaphambili-ezivela ku-3 000 kuDTP eyodwa kuphela edutshulwayo abajwayele ukuthola, ku-315 nje yonke imishanguzo abayithola nge-2 ubudala namuhla.

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Ukuvinjelwa Kwemvelo Kungcono Kunokuzivikela Emgodini Wokugoma

Ukuzivikela ngokwemvelo emva kokuthola isifo esithathelwanayo kuyinto enhle, ngoba ngokuvamile ikugcina ungenwa ukutheleleka okufanayo kabili.

Ukuzivikela ngokwemvelo kuhamba ngentengo ephakeme, noma kunjalo. Futhi angikhulumi ngezindleko eziphezulu zalabo abangezelayo amasayithi amaningi okulwa nokugoma athengisa ukuthuthukisa ingculazi yakho yemvelo.

Ungasho ukuthi ingane yakho ingagula izinsuku, noma amasonto, noma izinyanga, njengoba sasizibonele esikhathini sokuqala sokugoma, futhi sibona nanamuhla, izifo ezivimbela ukugoma zingasongela impilo futhi zingabangela izinkinga ezimbi , kuhlanganise nalokhu:

• i-diphtheria ingabangela i-myocarditis, i-neuritis, nokukhubazeka okufayo, nokufa kwabantu abangama-5 ukuya kwangu-20
• I-Hib ingabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzwa, i-neurologic sequelae, nokufa ngamaphesenti amabili kuya kwangu-5 amacala
• isisulu singabangela ukukhuphuka kwamaphaphu, ukugubha, ukukhipha i-encephalitis nokufa ngamaphesenti angu-0.2 wamacala
• Amangqamuzana angabangela i-orchitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-testicular), i-oophoritis (ukuvuvukala kwama-ovari), i-pancreatitis, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, isithulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifa.
• i-polio ingabangela i-meningitis, i-flaccid ukukhubazeka, nokufa ngamaphesenti amabili kuya kwangu-5 kwezingane.
• i-rotavirus ingabangela isifo sohudo esinamandla nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi futhi isetshenziselwa ukufa kwabantu abangu-20 kuya ku-60 ngonyaka.
• i-rubella ingabangela i-arthritis, i-thrombocytopenic purpura, ne-encephalitis, kodwa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngabesifazane abakhulelwe abathola i-rubella, okungaholela ekukhipha isisu okuzenzakalelayo, ukufa kokubeletha kanye ne-congenital rubella syndrome.
• i-tetanus ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha kanye nokufa kwamaphesenti angu-11 amacala. I-tetanus ye-Neonatal nayo iyakhathazeka.
• Inkukhu yezinkukhu ingahlotshaniswa ne-meningitis, i-encephalitis, i-pneumonia yesibili, izifo zesikhumba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyafa.
• i-pertussis ingabangela i-pneumonia, ukugabha, ukukhathazeka nokufa ezingeni elingamaphesenti angu-0.2.

Futhi ukuzivikela komzimba kungokwemvelo. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole inkukhu engaphezu kweyodwa emva kokutheleleka kwemvelo kanye nokuzivikela kwemvelo ngemuva kokuba i-pertussis ingapheli impilo yonke, ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-4 kuya kwengu-20 kuphela.

Kukhona nezinye izinkinga eziphuthumayo ezingenzeka uma unesifo somzimba, kuhlanganise:

• I-Subacute Panencephalitis Ebandayo (i-SSPE) - ukuhlukumezeka okubulalayo, okuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezintuthwane zesimungumungwane yemvelo futhi okungenzeka kwenzeke kubantu abaningi abayi-1: 1700 abanesisulu. Akubangelwa ukugoma komjola ngokwayo.
• I-Post-Polio Syndrome - izimpawu ezintsha zobuhlungu, ukukhathala, nobuthakathaka obukhula ngamaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangu-40 abantu abasinda ekutheleleni kwesifo sofuba
• Amagciwane - ukuxilonga okuncane kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesifo semfuyo esingavamile emva kokugonywa kwenkukhu
• I-Cancer Cancer - izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-50 (namaphesenti angu-90 ezinsana) zenza ukutheleleka okungapheli kwesifo se-hepatitis B futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingathuthukisa ukubola kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis), ukwehluleka kwesibindi, nomdlavuza wesibindi.

UDkt. Paul A Izimpendulo zemibuzo yemvelo yokuzivikela emzimbeni, uma ethi "inani eliphakeme lokuzivikela emzimbeni, okungukuthi, isifo esithile esibi futhi esibulalayo, kuyingozi engafanele ukuthatha."

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Imishanguzo Awahlolwa Ngamandla Ngaphambi Kokuvunyelwa yi-FDA

Imishanguzo enikezwe ilayisensi yi-FDA kumele ihlangabezane "nezinqubo eziqinile zokuphepha, ukusebenza nokusebenza."

Njengomuthi omusha, imishanguzo ihamba ngezifundo ezinqunyelwe izimo ezincane futhi okungenani izigaba ezintathu zokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo ngaphambi kokuba inkampani ingahambisa ngisho nesicelo esikhungweni se-FDA sika-Biologicalics Assessment and Research (CBER), kuhlanganise ne-CBER's Office of Vaccines Research and Review, i-Office of Ukuhambisana Nezinga Lokuziphatha, neHhovisi le-Biostatistics ne-Epidemiology.

Ekupheleni kovivinyo lwesigaba sesi-3, kwenziwa ucwaningo lokukhombisa ukuthi umgomo uphephile futhi awuwona onobuthi, ungasebenzi (uveza impendulo yomzimba), futhi uyasebenza (isebenza).

Ngaphezu kokubukeza lonke lolu lwazi, uma isicelo sokufaka umgomo omusha sihanjiswa, i-FDA nayo ibuye:

• uhlola ukuvikelwa kokuningi-kokukhishwa kokuningi emgodini wokugoma
• ukubuyekezwa nokuhlola izindawo zokukhiqiza kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza
• ibuyekeza ilebula lokugoma

Ikomidi lobuchwepheshe elingeyona i-FDA elenziwe ososayensi, odokotela, abamele abathengi, kanye nelungu lemboni (okungewona ukuvota), i-Vaccines kanye neKomiti eVelisekile yeMikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo (VRBPAC), bese ihlola futhi iphindze isicelo. Ikomidi lakhiwa ochwepheshe e-immunology, i-biology yamangqamuzana, i-rDNA, i-virology, i-bacteriology, i-epidemiology noma i-biostatistics, ukungezwani komzimba, imithi yokuvimbela, izifo ezithathelwanayo, isifo sofuba, i-microbiology kanye ne-biochemistry. Bavota futhi banikeze iseluleko ku-CBER.

Uma kuvunyelwe, umgomo uyaqhubeka nokuqapha ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha ngezifundo zeSigaba 4, ukuhlolwa kokukhululeka kokuningi, ukuhlolwa, ukubuyekezwa kwemibiko ku-VAERS, nokuhlola ngokusebenzisa idatha kusuka ku-Vaccine Safety Datalink.

Inqubo yentuthuko yokugoma izothatha isikhathi esingakanani? Ihlukana nomgomo ngamunye, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuyinkqubo ephelele, ngokugoma okuvamile okuqhubeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 yentuthuko. Eqinisweni, i-FDA ngezinye izikhathi igxekwa ngokungavumelani nemigomo ngokushesha, njengeMicrosoft vaccine (Bexerso), esivele ivunyiwe yi-European Union.

I-Prevnar yokuqala, isibonelo, ivunyiwe yi-FDA emva kokubuyekezwa kwenyanga eyisishiyagalolunye nesigamu. Yiqiniso, lokhu kulandela ukuhlolwa kwesigaba se-Phase III esathatha iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umgomo wokugonywa kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwangaphambili kanye nezivivinyo zomtholampilo zesigaba sesi-I nesigaba II.

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Umkhuhlane Wengculazi Akayena Ongokoqobo

Umkhuhlane we-Herd umqondo owamukelekile kahle wokuthi uma abantu abaningi abakuzungezile bengenwa yisifo futhi bengakwazi ukugula, khona-ke akekho ozungezile okuzokuthelela, futhi ngeke ugule, noma ngabe awukho ukuzivikela ekutheleleni.

Nakuba abaningi abanenhloso yokugoma izingane zabo noma bona ngokwabo bathi abayona ingxenye yomhlambi noma abangakholelwa emzimbeni wokuzivikela, basesekhona. Ziyilungu elingavikelekile lomhlambi oncike kulo lonke lethu ukuvikela.

Encwadini kaDkt. Bob ngokuphathelene nemigomo, ubonakala ekhuthaza abazali abahlose ukugoma izingane zabo ukuzama ukuzivikela ngokufihla emhlambini.

Ngakho-ke kungani sinezifo ezikhuselekayo zokugoma uma i-immune immune ingokoqobo? Endabeni yesimungumane, kulula kakhulu ukubona ukuthi kungani. Nakuba ukusakazeka okuvamile kwesimungumzimba kwaqedwa e-United States ngo-1990, isisimungumanje sisabonakala kwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Eqinisweni, isishukela sabulala abantu abangu-122 000 emhlabeni wonke ngowezi-2012. Izivunguvungu e-US zivame ukuqala lapho abantu abangakaze bahambe beya kulezi zindawo, bagula futhi babuyele ekhaya. Bahamba emhlambini wezilwane, bezibeka esibhedlela, bese behlambalaza umhlambi.

Esikhundleni sokufakazela ukuthi imithi yegciwane lengculazi ayiyona ingokoqobo, iqiniso elilula lokuthi lezi ziqhumane azizona ezinkulu kakhulu isivumelwano esihle sokuthi imithanguzo yomzimba isebenza.

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Ngisebenzisa Ukushicilelwa Ukwenza I-Vaccine My Research

I-PubMed ihlanganisa okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-22 ezibalweyo kanye neziqephu ezivela ku-MEDLINE, "i-US National Library of Medicine (NLM) ye-premiere bibliographic database equkethe izigcawu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 ezincwadini zezintatheli ezenzweni zesayensi yokuphila ngokugxila kwi-biomedicine."

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyindlela enhle yokwenza ucwaningo ngemigomo nezinye izinto eziningi, inkinga enkulu ukuthi i-PubMed ayinikezi ukufinyelela umbhalo ogcwele walezi zincwadi zephephabhuku. Lokho kushiya iningi labantu linyuka eziphethweni ngezihloko emva kokufunda isifinyeto esifushane noma isihloko sombhalo. Lokhu akusiwo ucwaningo.

Eqinisweni, uma ufunda ama-athikili amaningi ukuthi abantu abaphikisana nomuthi wokugoma baveza ukusekela ukucabanga kwabo, uthola ukuthi ngokucacile abakwenzi, kuhlanganise:

• lezi zifundo ezingu-22 zokwelashwa kufanele zibonise ukuthi imithi ingabangela i-autism
• lezi zifundo ezingu-72 zezokwelapha okufanele zisekele ukuxhumana phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism
• lezi zifundo ezingu-30 zokwelapha okufanele zihlobanise imithi yokugoma ku-autism

Ungasesha i-PubMed yamagama angukhiye, futhi njengomzali oyedwa uyayifaka, "funda kuze kube yilapho amehlo akho enesibindi?" Yebo.

Kodwa abantu abenza ucwaningo lwangempela basebenzisa i-PubMed bamane nje basebenzise njengensiza ukuthola izihloko zephephabhuku ezifanele. Bese bafunda isihloko esiphelele futhi basebenzise amakhono abo okucabanga okucabangelayo ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokubona ukuthi ngabe i-athikili isekela noma ilahla umqondo wabo wokuqala. Lokho kuhlola.

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abaphikisana nokugoma basebenzisa i-PubMed ukuze baxhumane amagama angukhiye futhi bathole izihloko noma izikhala ezizwakala kahle. Uma empeleni beke bafunde izihloko ezigcwele, ezingavamile ukutholakala ku-PubMed, zizokuthola ukuthi ziyizinto ezibuthakathaka, ngokuvamile ziphutha ngokweqile, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-junk science, ngezinye izikhathi aziphathe lutho ngemigomo ziyasetshenziselwa kabi, futhi ziye zadonswa kabanzi.

Ukuthi usenzile ucwaningo lwakho usebenzisa i-PubMed manje selusondele ngokufana nomuntu ongekho okwenziwe uphenyo lwangempela, ukholelwa noma yikuphi ukuchitshiyelwa kweminye imithi efundwayo, futhi umane nje uthembele kumawebhusayithi e-antivax "wezocwaningo" zawo.

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Imishanguzo eminyaka yama-1980 ihlukaniswe ku-36 ngo-2008 futhi ibe yi-49 manje

Lona uhlobo lwenkulumo-mlando ephikisana nomuthi wokugoma ozama ukuxhumanisa imishanguzo ku-autism.

Ngo-1983, uhlelo lokugoma lwaluvikela izingane eziyisikhombisa ezikhungweni ezivimbela ukugoma ngokuthola amanani angu-10 emithi yokugoma ngaphambi kokuqala inkulisa-ukulinganisa amahlanu we-DTP, ama-IVV, kanye ne-MMR. Futhi intsha ithola isibhamu se-tetanus.

Ngonyaka ka-2008, izingane zivikelekile ngezifo eziyi-14 ezivimbela ukugoma ngenxa yokuthola imithi engama-36 emithi yokugoma ngaphambi kokuqala isenkulisa-amanani amathathu we-HepB, ama-doses amathathu e-Rotavirus, amanani amahlanu we-DTaP, amanani amathathu noma amane amaHib, amanani amane Amaphesenti angu-7, i-IPV, ama-MMR amabili, amanani amabili we-MMR, amanani amabili wezinkukhu, ama-doses amabili we-hepatitis A, kanye namanani ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili wokugoma komkhuhlane.

Akukho okuningi okushintshile ngo-2014, ngaphandle kokuthi izingane zithola umuthi wokugonywa we-Prevnar 13 (esikhundleni se-Prevnar 7) futhi zingathola izifo ezimbili noma ezintathu zokugoma kwe-Rotavirus, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi umhlinzeki wabo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo oyisebenzisayo.

Kungokusebenzisa izibalo ezikhethekile zokulwa nokugoma ukuthi ungaya emitholampilo engama-36 ngo-2008 kuya ku-49 emigomo ngo-2014. Bangakwenza lokhu ngokubala imishanguzo ye-DTaP ne-MMR njengemigomo emithathu ehlukene ngamunye, kodwa kufanele uyenze 1983 no-2008, akunjalo? Ayikho incazelo enhle yokushintsha isitayela sokubala phakathi kweminyaka ngaphandle kokukhohlisa abantu ukuthi bacabange ukuthi uhlelo lokugoma lukhula ngaphezu kwalokho.

Futhi kungani uqala ngo-1983? Izingane zithola imishanguzo amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kwalokho. Ngo-1963, isibonelo, babe nemishanguzo yokuzivikela ngokulwa ne-ingulube, i-diphtheria, i-polio, i-pertussis ne-tetanus.

Izibalo zakamuva? Nakuba kungenayo imishanguzo emisha noma umuthi wokugoma oye wanezelwa ohlelweni lokugoma kusukela ngo-2006, inani lokugoma libonakala likhuphuka cishe cishe zonke izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ku-OpEd yakamuva ku-USAToday, 'sifunde' ukuthi "izikhulu zezempilo zase-US manje zincoma ukulinganiselwa kwamaphesenti angu-69 kuwo wonke umntwana."

Futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa nje, ngifunda ukuthi inani lokugoma selivele libalwe "emitholampilo engu-81 eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala."

Ngakho enye inhlangano elwa ne-anti-vax icabanga ukuthi izingane zithola imithi engu-49, kanti abanye bacabanga ukuthi ngu-69 noma u-81? Umbuzo ongcono ukuthi kungani inani labo liphakeme kakhulu kunomumo wokugoma osemthethweni:

• Ama-36 ama-vaccine 10 ngaphambi kokuqala isenkulisa evikela izinsana nezingane ngokumelene nezifo eziyi-14 ezivimbela ukugoma
• njengama-shots angama-22 uma usebenzisa imishanguzo yokuhlanganisa, njenge-Pediarix, i-Pentacel, i-Kinrix, i-Proquad, ne-Flumist

Kumele kube sobala ukuthi bayathinta umuthi wokugoma ubala ukwenza abazali besabe imishanguzo.

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Iphakheji Faka

Imishanguzo iyingozi-funda nje ukufaka iphakheji!

Abantu abavimbela ukuvimbela imithi bathanda ukucaphuna izinto kusuka ekufakweni kwephakheji yemigomo. Ukufaka iphakethe kufakwe nomgomo ngamunye (kanye neminye imithi) futhi iyatholakala kabanzi kwi-intanethi.

Njengengxenye "yesifinyeto sazo ulwazi olusemqoka lwesayense oludingekayo ekusetshenzisweni okuphephile nangempumelelo komuthi," i-pack package iqukethe uhlu lokuphendula okubi. Ngeshwa, lokhu kungabuka ekusebenziseni okubi okutholakala ekuvivinyweni komtholampilo kuya ekusebenziseni okungajwayelekile okujwayelekile, okungekho emvamisa okungekho isizathu sokusola okusobala futhi ukusabela okungalungile kusuka kumbiko we-postmarketing okuzenzakalelayo.

Leli qembu lokugcina lemibiko yokuziphendulela ngokungahambi kahle yilokho okuphikisana nabantu abaphikisana nomgomo lapho befuna ukusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uyingozi noma uqinisekiswe ukuthi ubangela i-autism. Ngomthetho we-FDA, noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlobo zokuphendula okubi zibikwe ngokuzithandela futhi zifakwe efakwe kwiphakeji ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi indlela "yokuseka ubudlelwane obuseduze nokutholakala kwezidakamizwa."

Ngamanye amazwi, ukufaka amaphakheji okugoma akuyona isibhamu sokubhema "imithi yingozi" ubufakazi bokuthi umuthi wokugoma awukholelwa.

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Imishanguzo eminingi ixhunyaniswa nezintela zokufa ezinganeni eziphakeme

Abantu abavimbela ukuvimbela imithi ngokuvamile bazama ukuxhumanisa izinga lokufa kwezinsana (inani labantu abafelwe ukuzalwa ngonyaka ngamunye) kanye nenani lemigomo izwe elinika izingane zayo.

Uma imishanguzo engeyingozi, bathi, kungani-ke izinga lokufa kwezinsana e-United States lingabe liphakeme kunezinga lokushona kwezingane emazweni athile angavikela izingane zabo ezifweni eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma?

Akumangalisi ukuthi izinga lokufa kwezinsana nemishanguzo yizinto ongakwazi ukuzixhumanisa ngempela. Okokuqala, izazi eziningi ziye zabonisa ukuthi ukuqhathanisa amanani okufa kwezinsana phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene akuthenjelwa ngoba akubona bonke ababala ukuzalwa okuphilayo okufanayo.

Futhi ochwepheshe abaningi bathole ukuthi isici esisodwa, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kungenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa e-United States. Bakholelwa ukuthi izimbangela ezihlobene nokubulawa kwesibindi zibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni zethu eziphezulu zokufa kwezinsana kunezinye izimbangela ezingenzeka, njengokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, i-SIDS, izinkinga zokubeletha komama, noma izingozi ezingenhloso.

Futhi kungani, ungase ubuze, izinga lokufa kwezinsana lancipha okungenani ngamaphesenti angu-12 e-United States kusukela ngo-2005 uma izingane ziqhubeka nokuthola imithi eminingi?

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Iningi labantu abadala abafinyeleleki ku-Boosters

Impendulo engangiyithandayo yokulwa nokugoma yimi: "I-immune immune ingaba kanjani ngempela uma abantu abaningi abadala bengasetshenziswanga izikhukhula zabo ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukuzivikela?"

Ukubuka iHlelo Lokugoma Abantu Abadala, ngokomlando, akuzange kube nokuvuselela okuningi okudingeka abantu abadala bathole ukudubula ngaphandle kwe-tetanus shot. Futhi nakuba i-tetanus iyisifo esithathelwanayo, ayiphumelelanga, ngakho-ke imithi yokuzivikela ayihlangene naso.

Iningi labantu abadala livikelekile ezigodini eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma ngoba zigonywe noma zinezifo lapho ziyizingane. Akudingeki ukuthi bathole ama-MMR, imithi yokugoma yenkukhu, noma ukugoma i-polio, njll.

Abantu abadala kufanele bathole ukugonywa kwe-Tdap ukuze bavikele ekubhekaneni ne-pertussis, kodwa lokho kuyinconywa entsha, ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abadala abangeke bakuthole okwamanje.

Kubuye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umkhuhlane wegciwane awukona umqondo owodwa-uvumelana-wonke umqondo. Ungakwazi ukuhlaselwa emzimbeni wesandulela ngculazi nge-pertussis, isibonelo, ngenkathi umkhuhlane we-immune uvikela wonke umuntu kusuka epholiyo. Kungenxa yokuthi amazinga okugoma okudingekayo wokugcina imfutho yegciwane lengculazi ihlukile kwesifo ngasinye.

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Abantu Abagulayo Kufanele Bahlale Ekhaya

Ngezifo eziningi ezinganeni, kuhlanganise nezifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma, usulele kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubonisa izimpawu. Ukulandela isu lokuhlala ekhaya uma ugula ngeke kuvimbele noma yikuphi ukuqhuma okuvela khona.

Abantu abanesisisi, isibonelo, basakazeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuba bahlakulele, okuyilapho bevame kuqala bazi ukuthi banesisulu.

Ngokufanayo, abantu abane-pertussis, noma ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, bavame ukutheleleka phakathi kwamasonto amabili okuqala begula. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, bahlale benomkhuhlane omnene, ngezikhathi ezithile ngephunga eligijimayo, ukukloloda, kanye nomkhuhlane ophansi. Akuzona ezinye amasonto ambalwa abahlakulela ukuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela abangase bacabange ukuthi bane-pertussis, sonke isikhathi beveza wonke umuntu obazungezile.

Kuthiwani ngezinye izifo ezivimbela umgomo ?

Kuyinto indaba efanayo, yingakho isu lokuhlala ekhaya uma ugula ngamasokisi noma i-pertussis ngeke igcine abanye abantu ukuthi bangaguli:

• Amagundane - Usuleleka ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ube nesifo esisebenzayo.
• I-hepatitis A - Abantu abathintekayo bangakwazi ukuchitha igciwane lesifo sofuba kuze kube sekupheleni kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba bathuthukise i-jaundice nezinye izimpawu.
• i-rotavirus - Unomthelela kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba uqale uhudo.
• Inkukhu yezinkukhu - Usuleleka ezinyangeni ezilodwa kuya kwezinsuku ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthuthukisa ukuqhuma okukhulayo kwenkukhu.
• Umkhuhlane - Uvame ukwelapha ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba uthuthukise izimpawu zethukhu.
• isifo sofuba - Abantu abane-polio bayathinteka kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuba bathuthukise izimpawu.

Kumele kucace ukuthi uvame ukwelapha futhi ungabangela abanye abagulayo ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho unesifo sokuvimbela igciwane, kuhlanganise nalabo abancane kakhulu ukuthi bangagonywa nalabo abanezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba. Ukukhetha ngenhloso yokungatholi imishanguzo, nomqondo wokuthi uzomane uhlukanise umndeni wakho ekhaya uma begula ukuze bagweme ukuvelela abanye empeleni akugcini ukuqhuma.

Uhlangothi lwe-flip yalokhu ukuthi kunzima ukugwema izifo ezivimbela ukugoma ngokuzama ukugwema abantu ababonakala begula.

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I-Media Itholakala Ukwesaba Abantu Ngezimpukane Nezikhukhula

Imisipha iyisifo esesabekayo esivimbela ukugoma.

Ngaphambi kuka-1963, esikhathini sokuqala sokugoma, kwakukhona amacala angaba ngu-500 000 weyisimungumane e-United States kanye nokufa kwabantu abangu-500 ngonyaka, ngamacala amaningi nokufa ngesikhathi sezinkinga zengculazi njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili.

Ngasekupheleni kuka-1989 kuya ku-1991, kwakukhona amacala angu-55 622 kanye nokufa kuka-123 e-United States, okwaholela ekunconyweni kuzo zonke izingane ukuba zithole i-MMR booster.

Ngisho nanamuhla, isishukela sbulala abantu abangaba ngu-122 000 ngonyaka wonke emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi ngisho nakwamanye amazwe asezimbonini, isisimungumanje sisengozini:

• Phakathi nokuvuthwa okukhulu kwesimungumungwane eYurophu ngo-2011, kwakukhona amacala angaphezu kuka-30 000, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-8, amacala angu-27 enesimungumane encephalitis, namacala angu-1,482 we-pneumonia. Akumangalisi ukuthi amacala amaningi ayengenasidla (amaphesenti angu-82) noma angagonywa ngokuphelele (abantu abangu-13).
• Ngo-2013, okungenani izigameko ezingu-2,499 eziseDutch "ibhande leBhayibheli" elinesisindo esisodwa esisodwa se-measle encephalitis kanye nokufa okulodwa, intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala. Cishe wonke amacala okuyisimungulu kulokhu kuqhuma ahlanzekile futhi iningi liyizingane.
• Ngamacala angu-10 271 amasimoni eYurophu ngo-2013, kanti amacala amaningi atholakale eJalimane, e-Italy, eRomania, eNetherlands nase-United Kingdom, kwakunamacala ayisishiyagalombili e-measle acute encephalitis futhi sekube nokufa abathathu.

Kwenzekani ngemuva kwalokhu kuqhuma isishukela esikhulu? Abantu abaningi baqala ukuthola igciwane futhi amacala ahla. Abantu bangabona isandla sokuqala ukuthi isifo esinesimungumungwane kanye nezinye izifo ezivimbela ukugoma zingaba kanjani.

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Awukwazi Ukukhipha Uma Ingane Yakho Ilimala Umuthi Wokugoma

Akulona iqiniso ukuthi awukwazi ukusola uma ingane yakho ilimele umgomo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi umuntu azame ukumangalela umakhi wokugoma ngokuqondile, kumele aqale afake isicelo sokumangalelwa ngeNqubo yokuHlinzeka kweNhlekelele yokuZilwa kaZwelonke. Ummangali angafaka icala lomthetho ngokumelene nomkhiqizi wokugoma uma isimangalo sakhe senqatshelwa noma uma senqaba isinxephezelo esinikeziwe ngemuva kokuthi isimangalo sabo samukelwe. Eqinisweni, yilokho okwenzekile maduzane e-Bruesewitz v. Wyeth icala, eliya eNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States.

Uhlelo lweNational Injury Compensation Program lwalusungulwa yi-National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act ka-1986 njengenhlelo yesinxephezelo se-no-fault for labo abafuna ukufaka isicelo sokuthi balimala noma balimala ngumgomo wokugoma, kuhlanganise yonke imithi ebuntwaneni. isimiso sokugoma.

Njengengxenye yalolu hlelo lokugoma, iHhovisi leMasters ekhethekile eNkantolo yaseMelika yezimangalo zikahulumeni iqondisa futhi yenza izinqumo kula macala okulimala, okubandakanya i-anaphylaxis, i-thrombocytopenic purpura (i-MMR), noma i-polio (polio vaccine), njll.

Kusukela ngo-1989, izimangalo ezingu-3 540 ziye zakhokhwa, ngokujwayelekile ngokuhlala, kanti okungenani izicelo ezingu-9 734 zaxoshwa.

Khumbula ukuthi ngokusho kwe-HRSA, "Iziphetho ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kwemigomo akufanele zisetshenziswe ngokusekelwe kokuthi amacala ahlelwe. Ukuhlala kungenye yezindlela zokuxazulula ngokushesha isinqumo noma isimangalo." Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu kunye yalezi zimo ukuthi empeleni zihambe ngendlela eya esinqumweni senkantolo.

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Imishanguzo Yalwa Nezinye Izinkolo Noma Eziningi

Kukhona impela izinkolo ezimbalwa eziphikisana ngokuphelele nemigomo, kufaka phakathi amasonto amancane angamaKristu akholwa ekukholweni kokholo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nabaSosayensi abangamaKristu, abakholelwa ekuphulukiseni ngomkhuleko futhi bacabange ukuthi imithi ayidingi.

Kukhona amaqembu amaningi amaningi kwezinye izinkolo eziphikisana nokuthola izingane zabo kanye nabo ngokwabo zigonywe, okusiza ukuchaza ukuqubuka kwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma. Lezi zihlanganisa amanye ama-Amish, amanye amasonto aguquguqukile aseDashiya, namanye amaSulumane asemthethweni. Akukho ukuphikisana okuphelele kumigomo kula maqembu. Ngisho phakathi kwamasonto aguquliwe aseDutch, kukhona i-subset echaza imishanguzo "njengesipho esivela kuNkulunkulu okufanele sisetshenziswe ngokubonga" futhi izinga lokugoma kule mizi liye lakhula.

Isibonelo, ukugqashuka okukhulu kwesimungumungwane e-Ohio maduzane kwaxhunyaniswa neqembu lama-Amish eliye laya ePhilippines. Babengafuni neze ukugonywa, kodwa bebengakwazi ukuthi babedinga ukugoma kwe-MMR uma bephuma ezweni. Abaningi basheshe badla izibhamu zabo ukuze basize baqukethe ukuqubuka.

Ngokuvame ukwedlula ukuphikisana kweqiniso kwezenkolo , yize zihlangene esontweni noma eqenjini lezenkolo, kungokwesaba ukuphepha kokugoma okuholela abanye abantu ukuba bagweme imigomo.

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Iningi lezitho zomzimba ezithintekayo azibikwe odokotela

Imithelela emibi yokugoma ingabikwa kwiSistimu Ebizayo Yokubika Indawo Yokugoma (VAERS) yinoma ubani, kubandakanya abahlinzeki bezempilo kanye nabazali ngokwabo. I-VAERS, "eqoqa futhi ehlaziya ulwazi kusuka emibikweni yezenzakalo ezimbi (imiphumela engase ibe khona) emva kokugoma" akuyona nje odokotela.

Kwakuwukuhlaziya i-VAERS ibika ukuthi inkinga nge-RotaShield yokugoma yatholwa kuqala (ingozi eyengeziwe yokwehliswa kwemvelo), futhi yasiza ekuholeni leyo migomo ukususwa emakethe.

I-VAERS ayilona kuphela uhlelo lokubheka emva kokukhangisa olusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishanguzo iphephile, noma kunjalo. Ngaphandle kwemibiko yokuzithandela eya kwabakwa-VAERS, i-Vaccine Safety Datalink ibilokhu ifuna izixhumanisi phakathi kokuphendula okubi nokugonywa kusukela ngo-1990 ngokubheka amarekhodi ezempilo ezitholakale ezivela ezinhlanganweni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokunakekelwa eziphezulu eziphethwe. Idatha yokugcina i-Vaccine Safety Datalink ihlanganisa ukulinganisa okuhlanganisiwe kwemigomo ingane okungenzeka ithole ekuhambeleni okukodwa, izinombolo eziningi, nanoma yiziphi izenzakalo ezingahle zibe khona.

Uhlelo lwe-Clinical Immunization Assessment Assessment noma i-CISA iyinye ithuluzi lokubuyekeza izenzakalo ezimbi ezingahle zixhunywe nemigomo.

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Ochwepheshe abaningi banamaphoyisa

Abambalwa kakhulu ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ababhekene nemigomo.

Uma uthola eyodwa, ngokuvamile umuntu ode kakhulu ngaphandle kwezokwelapha zabo (uma befunda imithi ...), njenge:

• UDkt. Russel Blaylock - i-neurosurgeon ethatha umhlalaphansi ocabanga ukuthi uyisigqila emigodleni kanye nezifo ezivimbela ukugoma kwezinye izinto ezingahlobene neurosurgery. Ngaphezu kokukholelwa ukuthi imithi yingozi futhi ayisebenzi, uDkt. Blaylock ucabanga ukuthi i-mercury ekugcwaliseni kwamazinyo kanye ne-fluoride emanzini ayingozi, phakathi kwamanye amavesi amaningi.
• UBob Sears, MD, FAAP - udokotela wezingane, uDkt. Bob wabhala incwadi ethi Vaccine Book , efaka isimiso sakhe sokugoma, kodwa yiziphi abazali abaningi abasebenzisa njengezizathu zokungagcini izingane zabo. Ubuye ahlukumeze njalo izingozi zokuqhamuka kwezifo ezivimbela umgomo emphakathini wakubo.
• UMark Geier, MD - i-geneticist, wayesebenze njengofakazi ochwepheshe emacala angama-100 okulimala futhi wakha uchungechunge lwemitholampilo ukuphatha i-autism ngemigomo eyingozi. Ilayisense yezokwelapha kaDkt. Geier kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isetshenziswe emazweni amaningi, abahluleli banqume ukuthi "akanakho ukuqeqeshwa, ubuchwepheshe, nesipiliyoni" kulezi zindawo futhi bathi ubufakazi bakhe "abufanele ngokuphelele," futhi amaphepha ashicilele abe wagxekwa ngenxa yeziphambeko nokungalungile kanti omunye wayesekhishwa kabusha.
• USusanne Humphries, MD - isazi sezinkanyezi "esashiya isimiso esivamile," uDkt. Humphries useyilungu le-homeopath futhi waloba incwadi yokulwa nokugoma. Ubuye ucabangisise kakhulu noDkt. Paul Offit (uchwepheshe wangempela wokugoma).
• UDkt. Boyd E. Haley - uprofesa wezakhemikhali osetshenziselwe umhlalaphansi, u-Boyd Haley ukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi i-mercury emitholampilo idala i-autism ne-Gulf War Syndrome, ixwayisa mayelana nezingozi ze-mercury kuma-aggams wamazinyo (ukugcwaliswa), kanti uDkt. Haley wathengisa izimboni i-chelator njengengxenye yokudla yokudla ukuze iphathe i-autism ize ivalwe yi-FDA.
• UDkt. Viera Scheibner - ophethe i-PhD e-micropaleontology (wafunda ama-fossil amancane), uDkt. Scheibner waba umholi wenhlangano yokulwa nokugoma e-Australia, ehlanganisa imithi eya ku-SIDS. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye wathumela emcimbini wokuthi imithi idala i-autism ne-baby syndrome.
• UJB Handley - umsunguli we-Generation Rescue, uJenny McCarthy's autism inhlangano, uJB Handley, akumangalisi ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi imishanguzo ibangela i-autism.
• UJenny McCarthy - nakuba manje esho ukuthi akayena ophikisana nomuthi wokugoma, abantu abaningi bakhokhela uJenny McCarthy ngokuvuselela umkhankaso wokulwa nokugoma wamanje, usebenzisa "i-Google University" ukwenza ucwaningo lwakhe ngezixhumanisi phakathi kwemigomo ne-autism.

Lezi zimbalwa ezimbalwa okuthiwa ochwepheshe emphakathini wokulwa nokugoma. Kuyizinkolelo zabo zokwenza uhlangothi lapho uthenga ukuthi imithi ayiphephile kubantwana bakho.

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Izingane ezigonywe yizona ezibangela ukuqhuma okuningi

Izingane ezigonywe akuyona imbangela yeziqhumane eziningi.

Eqinisweni, lapho umuntu ogonywe ngokugcwele eNew York City enesimungumungwane ngo-2011 futhi ehlushwa abanye abantu abane, wenza izindaba ezinkulu ngoba kungavamile ukuba kwenzeke.

Iningi lokuqhamuka kwezifo ezivimbela ukugonywa kubangelwa yibo abangenayo igciwane noma abangagonywanga ngokuphelele.

Ukungqubuzana kwamuva kwabantu abaphikisana ne-anti-vax ukuthi abantu abagonywe nge-pertussis vaccine bangaba yizinkampani zamabhaktheriya ase-pertussis nokuthi babangela ukuqubuka komzimba. Ngenkathi kukhona iqiniso kulokhu, akusiyo umgomo owenza ube yithwala. Ucwaningo lwe-FDA emathanjeni abagonywe nge-pertussis vaccine (aP), ngenkathi evikelwe ekubhekaneni ne-pertussis, ingahle ibe nekoloni uma iboniswa amabhaktheriya e-pertussis. Bese-ke bangathola izinambuzane ezingagunci zigula nge-pertussis.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-pertussis awuzange uwaphendule abe yizinkampani noma uwachithe amabhaktheriya e-pertussis. Esikhundleni salokho, izimfene ezigonywe kulesi sifundo zithatheleleke nge-pertussis uma zivezwe kuma-bacteria, nakuba zingabonakali izimpawu, zaba yiziphathimandla ezingenza abanye bagule (uma bengenamandla omzimba).

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Imishanguzo Yenza I-Baby Syndrome Ishukunyiswe

Lokhu kufanele kube yisimangalo esingalungile kakhulu esenziwe abantu abaphikisana nomuthi-wokugoma-ukuthi imishanguzo iyimbangela ye-syndrome ye-baby shake.

Amawebhusayithi ambalwa okulwa nokugoma kanye nabantu abonakala sengathi enze lolu daba ukhethekile, ethi "akuwona kuphela ama-vaccinations awonakalisa izingane zethu, kodwa lokho kulimaza kutholakala ngokugxeka abazali abangenacala bokuhlukunyezwa."

Esikhundleni sokusiza "abazali abangenacala," lezi zindawo empeleni zinikeza ibalazwe lomgwaqo ukuze zivikele ngemuva kokulimaza futhi zibulale izingane zabo njalo.

Benze ngisho nezifo ezintsha, njengezifo ezifakwe emzimbeni. Futhi baye bazama ngisho nokubuyisela umqondo wokuthi imishanguzo ibangele i-SIDS, naphezu kokuthi amazinga we-SIDS aphansi.

Lena akuyona indlela entsha.

Abameli bebelokhu bezama ukuvikela amaklayenti abo asolwa ngokuthungathwa kwezingane ngokuthi bathi kunalokho kubangelwa ukugonywa kwe-DTP. Ngokusho kweNational Center ku-Shaken Baby Syndrome, "abashushisi bezingane ezizungezile kufanele baqaphele lokhu kuvikela okungamanga futhi bazimisele ukukhipha lobufakazi obungokwempilo kwezokwelapha."

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Umuthi Wokugonywa Kwezinkukhu Uyi-Chicken Udala Ukunyuka Kwezingxenyeni Zama-Shingles

Umgomo wokugonywa kwezinkukhu awubangeli ukuqhuma kwezigameko noma isifo se-shingles.

Ngenkathi sekukhona ukuphakama kwamacala e-shingles, kuboniswe ukuthi:

• umkhuba ekukhuphukeni kwama-shingles amacala kubantu abadala baqala ngaphambi kokuqala ukunikeza izingane umgomo wokugoma inkukhu e-United States
• ukujwayela kwamasondo okukhuphuka kwama-shingles kubantu abadala akuzange kwandiswe ngemva kokuqala ukunikeza izingane umgomo wokugoma inkukhu e-United States
• umkhuba wokwanda kwama-shingles amacala kubantu abadala kukhona kwamanye amazwe angabaniki izingane njalo umgomo wokugonywa kwenkukhu

Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kokuvikela izingane ngokumelene nenkukhu, kubonakala sengathi umgomo wokugoma umkhuhlane wezinkukhu empeleni ubeka ingozi yabo ekuthuthukiseni ama-shingles.

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I-US inikeza ezinye izitofu kunamanye amazwe asethuthukile

Ingabe sinika imithi eminingi e-United States kunamanye amazwe?

E-United States, izingane zithola:

• Ama-36 ama-vaccine 10 ngaphambi kokuqala isenkulisa evikela izinsana nezingane ngokumelene nezifo eziyi-14 ezivimbela ukugoma
• imithi eminye eminye yokugoma njenge-preteen: HPV, MCV4, Tdap

Ngabe amanye amazwe asezimboni enza kanjani izingane zabo?

Abanye, njenge-Iceland, banikela ngezindlela ezimbalwa, bengakaniki imithi ye-rotavirus, i-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B, noma izifo zokukhukhumeza izinkukhu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Iceland iyizwe eliyisiqhingi eliyingqayizivele elinabantu abangaphezu kuka-300 000, kodwa, okwenza kube lincane kunamadolobha amaningi amakhulu aseMelika. Futhi zigoma izingane zabo kanye nentsha nge-Pentavac (DTaP-Hib-Polio), i-Synflorix (i-PCV), i-MenC, i-MMR, i-DTaP, i-HPV, ne-dTaP-Polio inhlanganisela yokudubula. Ngakho i-Iceland ayilona umuthi wokugoma noma umgomo wokunciphisa ukwedlula u-United States; bavele banquma ukuthi izakhamizi zabo azikho engozini yezinye izifo ezivimbela ukugoma ezivame kakhulu e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amakhulu.

Abanye abaningi, njenge-Australia, eCanada, e-UK, eJalimane, eNetherlands naseFinland, njll, manje banamashejuli okugoma okufanayo njenge-United States.

Amazwe amaningi atholakele, evikela izingane ezifweni eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma, isibonelo, ukwengeza imishanguzo ye-rotavirus ne-HPV. Uma umuthi wokugoma ungekho esimisweni, ngokuvamile u-hepatitis A noma umuthi wokugoma wezinkukhu, nakuba lawo mazwe aqhubeka nokuqapha amazinga alawo zifo ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe umuthi wokugoma kufanele wengezwe yini.

Eqinisweni, kwamanye amazwe, izinsana zithola amanani amaningi okugoma ngesikhathi besinezinyanga ezine ubudala, njengoba zithola imithi yabo ngezikhathi ezine zeviki ezinezinyanga ezine, izinyanga ezingu-3, ​​nezinyanga ezine ubudala, vs. isikhashana sezinyanga ezimbili esetshenziswa e-United States.

Futhi kwezinye kwamanye amazwe, njengeJalimane, izinsana zingase zithole amanani amaningi okugoma kunalokho esikunikeza e-United States. Isibonelo, ngezinyanga ezingu-15, izingane zaseJalimane zithola:

• 4 amanani we-DTaP
• 3-4 amanani we-IPV
• 3-4 amanani weHepB
• 3-4 amanani weHib
• 4 i-Prevnar
• 3 ukulingana komuthi wokugoma we-Rotavirus
• umgomo we-Meningococcal C (onikeziwe e-US)
• Ukulinganiselwa oku-2 komgomo we-MMR (ngokulingana nomthamo owodwa e-US ngalesi sikhathi)
• Amanani amabili okugonywa kwe-inkukhu (ngokumelene nomthamo owodwa e-US ngalesi sikhathi)

E-Taiwan, ngenkathi izingane zingazitholi imithi yeHib, i-rotavirus, noma i-HPV, zithola yonke iminye imithi yethu, kanye nomgomo wokugonywa kwe-BCG nomgomo wokubavikela e-encephalitis yaseJapane.

ENingizimu Korea, ngaphezu kwayo yonke imithi yokugoma ehlinzekwa e-United States, kuhlanganise nokugoma komkhuhlane, ngezinyanga ezingu-24, izingane nazo zithola i-BCG kanye nomgomo wokuvikela i-encephalitis waseJapane.

IJapane inehlelo lokugoma oluyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba lihlukaniswa ngezigciwane ezijwayelekile (Hib, Prevnar13, DTaP-IPV, DT, BCG, MR, JapE, kanye nokugonywa kwe-HPV) kanye nokugoma okuzithandela (umkhuhlane, izinkukhu, izinkukhu , i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis A, nomgomo wokugoma i-rotavirus). Uyini umehluko emkhatsini wokugoma nokuzivocavoca okuzithandela? Ama-shots avamile anikezwa mahhala. Akumangalisi ukuthi izinga lokugoma lokugoma ngokuzikhethela lingaphansi kwemigomo yamahhala, okujwayelekile. Isibonelo, amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kuphela wezingane ezigonywa ngokumelene nenkukhu yaseJapane.

Ngokuvamile, sivame ukunikeza imithi eminingi e-United States kunamanye amazwe. Lokhu kungukuphikisa okuphikisanayo kuphela okuneqiniso kuye. Yiqiniso, basolula lelo qiniso uma beqhathanisa uhlelo lokugcina lokugoma kusuka e-US kuya kumashejuli asetshenziswe eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi edlule kwamanye amazwe. Njengoba ungabona ezixhumanisini ezingenhla, amazwe amaningi anikeze iningi lemishanguzo efanayo esiyisebenzisayo namuhla futhi abaningi banikeza imithi eyengeziwe engayinikezi.

Emhlabeni wonke, izingane eziningi kunanini ngaphambili zithola imishanguzo ehleliwe ohlelweni oluyisisekelo lokugoma oluphakanyisiwe kubo bonke abantwana ngohlelo lwe-WHO olwandisiwe lokugoma, kuhlanganise ne-BCG, HepB, Polio, DTP, Hib, Prevnar, Rotavirus, Measles, Rubella, ne-HPV .

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I-Anti-Vax Movement ikhula

Inhlangano ye-anti-vax ayikhuli.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umkhankaso wokulwa nokugoma waqala ngo-2007 lapho uJenny McCarthy, esebenzisa idijithi evela "IYunivesithi yeGoogle," nendodana yakhe ngokuthi "isayensi" yakhe "yabonakala" ku-"Oprah" futhi wasuka ekucabangeni ukuthi wayengumuntu we-indigo ingane ekwazi ukuthi yalimala ngemigomo.

Abanye bacabanga ukuthi inhlangano yokulwa ne-vax yaqala lapho uDkt. Bob eshicilela incwadi yakhe ethi "Incwadi Yokugoma," abantu abaningi abakubiza ngokuthi "I-Anti-Vaccine Book".

Yiqiniso, lokhu kwakungesiyo isiqalo sokunyakaza okuvimbela ukugoma. Kwakungeyona ngisho nokuqala komkhankaso wamanje wokuvimbela ukugoma, okuyinto uDkt Offit, encwadini yakhe, "Izinqumo Ezibulalayo: Indlela Umkhankaso Wokulwa Namagciwane Okusongela Konke", uchaza njengokuqala kokumemezela kombiko ohlonishwayo " I-DPT: i-Vaccine Roulette "kaLea Thompson ngo-1982.

Akumangalisi ukuthi umkhankaso wokulwa nomgomo wokuqala wokukhulelwa wakhula ojikeleze umgomo wokugoma ombalwa wokuqala. Abantu bangabe bephikisana nomgomo omncane we-pox, lapho i-pox encane yayiyisifo esiyingozi kangaka? Ungakholwa yini ukuthi nakuba ezinye zezinto zishintshile, eziningi zezimpikiswano zabantu abaphikisana ne-back-vax emuva kwe-1700s zifana nalokho abantu abazisebenzisayo manje, kuhlanganise nokuthi:

• umuthi wokugoma ngeke unikeze igciwane lokuphila isikhathi eside
• umuthi wokugoma uzokunika ukuphilisa
• kuphikisa inkolo yabo
• I-pox encane akuyona into embi

Ngenhlanhla, iningi labantu lagonywa futhi njengoba isifo se-ingulube asihambisani nezinye izifo ezivimbela ukugoma, njenge-measles, pertussis, noma umkhuhlane, ekugcineni kwaqedwa, naphezu kokuphazamiseka kwamaqembu aphikisayo.

Inhlangano ye-anti-vax ayikhulumi ngempela. Ikhuphuka futhi yehla sonke isikhathi, kodwa njengoba ithola inani eliphakeme njengoba isifo esivimbela ukugoma sifinyelela phansi, iziqhumane ziqala ukuqhuma, futhi abantu abaningi bayagonywa.

Abantu abasekela izingane ezivikelwe ezifweni ezivimbela ukugoma bafuna umjikelezo ukuyeka, ukuze kungadingeki silinde izingane eziningi ukuba zigule ekuqotheni kwesimungumungwane, emasukini, nase-pertussis, njll, ngaphambi kokuba abazali besabe ukuqala ukugoma futhi.

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Imishanguzo ayihlolwe Ndawonye

Imishanguzo empeleni ihlolwe ndawonye.

Cabanga ngomuthi wokugoma u-Pediarix, ohlanganisa i-DTaP, i-hepatitis B, ne-IPV (i-polio) endaweni eyodwa yokudubula. Sekusetshenziswe kusukela ngo-2002, ihlolwe ngeHib no-Prevnar ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinyangeni ezimbili, ezine, nezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kulezi zivakashi, izinsana zingathola ukudubula okuhlanganisiwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-DTaP, isibindi se-hepatitis B, nama-IPV, ngokubamba amahlumela abo ase-Hib ne-Prevnar.

Iningi leminye inhlanganisela yemigomo nayo ihlolwe ndawonye, ​​kufaka phakathi:

• I-MMR, i-Varivax (inkukhu yenkukhu), ne-Hib ne-Prevnar
• I-DTaP, i-hepatitis B, i-IPV, ne-Hib ne-RotaTeq
• i-hepatitis A ene-DTaP, i-IPV, iHib, ne-hepatitis B

Futhi khumbula ukuthi ngaphezu kwezilingo zomtholampilo ezenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umgomo uvunywe yi-FDA, okuvame ukufaka ukuhlolwa ngokuhambisana neminye imithi, izinhlelo zokulonda ukukhangisa ziqhubeka zibheke izinkinga ezingase zibe khona sonke isikhathi.

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Ngiyi-Vac-Safe Vaccine, hhayi Anti-Vaccine

Ngesizathu esithile, abantu abaphikisana ne-vax abathandi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-anti-vaccine. Isikhathi sabo esithandwayo sokuba yilokho "umuthi wokugoma ophephile."

UJenny McCarthy ungumuntu omusha ophikisana ne-anti-vax ukuphuma njengoba ebiza ukuthi akaphili ngempela ukugoma.

Bathanda ngisho nokusebenzisa ukufanisa ukuthi uma ucele indiza noma imoto ukuba ikhunjulwe ngesici, khona-ke akekho ongakubiza ngokuthi indiza noma imoto, kulungile?

Yiqiniso, lokho kufanekisa okungamanga, ngoba sonke sifuna izindiza nezinqola eziphephile, kanti ngenkathi sifuna ukuba indiza engaphephile noma imoto iqine, ngeke sithole izinto eziyi-100 ezingafani nazo zonke izindiza noma imoto ewake yaba khona bekhona futhi benza izingane zethu zihambe noma yikuphi lapho zihamba khona.

Uma ungafuni ukubizwa ngokuthi u-anti-vaccine, ungasebenzisi ama-propaganda, amaphuzu okukhuluma okugoma nokugoma, kanye ne-over-the-top rhetoric ukuze uqhubeke ne-agenda yakho ye-anti-vax.

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Kuphephe ukulinda kuze kube yilapho izingane zakho zikhulile ngaphambi kokuzivimbela

Ngokuqinisekile akulona ephephile ukulinda kuze kube yilapho izingane zakho zikhulile ngaphambi kokuba zigonywe.

Cabanga ukuthi usengozini enkulu kwezinye izifo ezivimbela ukugoma uma usana nosana. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-rotavirus, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib), kanye nesifo se-pneumococcal (Prevnar).

Isikhathi esiphezulu salokhu ukutheleleka ngu:

• Izinyanga ezingu-6-11 ze-Hib
• Izinyanga 3-35 ze-rotavirus
• Izinyanga ezingu-3 kuya kwezi-18 ngezifo ze-pneumococcal (izinyanga ezingu-3-5 ze-pneumococcal meningitis)

Futhi ngokungafani nabanye, njenge-polio kanye ne-diphtheria, lezi zifo ezivimbela ukugoma zikhona kakhulu.

Kuthiwani ngezinye izifo ezivimbela umgomo, njenge-pertussis, i-influenza, nesimungumungwane, njll? Ngaphezu kokungcupheni kulezi zifo lapho zisencane, izingane ziqhubeka zibeka engozini uma zikhula. Noma kunjalo, bazobe besengozini enkulu yezifo ezinzima ezivela kulezi zifo ezivimbela ukugoma uma zifika ezincane. Kungani kubambezela umgomo wabo bese ubabeka engozini enkulu?

Yiqiniso, umbono ovamile kubonakala sengathi ukulibazisa umgomo kuze kube yilapho ingane ikhulile izokwenza ukuba bangabi namathelela emithonjeni-umlando wokuphikisa ongewona iqiniso. Ngeshwa, kuvele nje ukuwashiya ungavikelekile isikhathi eside, ubabeka engozini yokubamba isifo esithathelwanayo esingasongela impilo.

Ayikho inzuzo engozini / umvuzo wokubambezela imishanguzo. Inganeze ingozi.

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Inkantolo Yokugoma Ikhokhele Amabhiliyoni Ezingane Zokulimala-Abalimele

Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kusukela ngo-1989, uhlelo lweNational Injury Compensation Program (noma uhlelo lwe-Vaccine Programme) lunikeze u-$ 2,671,223,269,97 (kusukela ngo-Mashi 2014), kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi:

• Amacala amaningi azinzile futhi awasekelwe esinqumweni senkantolo
• Amacala amaningi axoshwa

Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, khumbula ukuthi cishe ama-2 billion amanani okugoma ahlinzekwa phakathi kuka-2006 no-2012, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkokhelo ezingu-1,328 kuphela ezenziwe yiNhlelo Yokugoma.

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Imishanguzo Yenza Ukuphikiswa Emagciwane Nebhaktheriya

Ingabe imishanguzo eyenza ukumelana namagciwane nama-bacteria?

Ngempela sibona lokhu okuningi uma sikhuluma ngamabhaktheriya anomelana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics. Ingabe kunjalo okufanayo ngemigomo?

Ingabe sibona ukugqashuka okuningi kwesimungumungwane ngoba igciwane lesigungumungqungquthela liye lashintsha futhi lazivikela emjoqweni we-MMR? Ngenhlanhla, ukugonywa kwe-MMR kusasebenza futhi igciwane lesigungumungulu alizange liguqule noma lenze ukulwa.

Kube khona ucwaningo lokusikisela ukuthi amabhaktheriya e- Bordetella pertussis ashintshile, okuye kwaholela abanye abantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi lokhu kulungiselelwa okuhambisana nokugoma kungaholela ekuqhumeni kwe-pertussis. Lezi zinhlobo ezintsha ze-pertactin-negative ze- B. pertussis kungenzeka ziguquke ngokucindezela ukhetho lokugoma.

Ngenhlanhla, i-pertactin iyingxenye eyodwa ye- B. pertussis esetshenziselwa ukwenza imishanguzo ye-pertussis yamanje. I-CDC ithi "ubufakazi obukhona bubonisa ukuthi imishanguzo ye-pertussis iyaqhubeka nokuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa yizinkinga zombili pertactin-positive ne-pertactin-negative pertussis, ngoba ezinye izingxenye zemigomo zivikela." Ngamanye amazwi, akubonakali sengathi lolu tshintsho kumabhaktheriya e- B. pertussis okwenza ukuthi umgomo we-pertussis ungasebenzi kahle noma ukuthi unesibopho sokuqhuma kwamanje kokukhwehlela .

Akukho bufakazi balolu hlobo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo noma ukuguqulwa kwegciwane lokugonywa kwamanye amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Ukuthi igciwane lesifo soguquko lushintsha unyaka ngamunye yinto eyaziwayo futhi okwenzekayo ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa komgomo wokugoma wokuqala.

Futhi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okulwa namagciwane, ukwehla ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic, futhi kungase kuholele ekunciphiseni kwamabhaktheriya athile elwa namagciwane.

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Izingane ezingavunyelwe ziphilile kunezingane ezikhulelwe

Izihloko zizwakala zizwakalayo:

• Izifundo Zifakazela Ngaphandle Kokungabaza ukuthi Izingane ezingavunyelwe ziphilile kakhulu kunezontanga zabo ezigonywe
• Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi izingane ezingavunyelwe ukuphilisa kakhulu - Izibalo ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezimo ezingapheli kanye ne-Autism
• Isifundo Esiphakeme Esikude Siqedile: Izingane Ezingavunyelwe Inxusa Kunomuthi Okhunjelwe
• Izingane ezigonywe zifinyelele ku-500% Izifo eziningi kunezingane ezingavunyelwe

Akumangalisi ukuthi kukhona okunye okunye mayelana nalezi zifundo noma ukuhlola ngaphandle kwesihloko sabo esizokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezingavunyelwe ziphilile kunezingane ezigonywe.

Okokuqala, bonke baxoxa ngesifundo esifanayo, okwakungesona isifundo, kodwa kunalokho kwakungenhlolovo ye-intanethi lapho udokotela wasekhaya waseJalimane, u-Andreas Bachmair, ebuza abazali bezingane ezingenacala ukuba bagcwalise ifomu engaziwa. Wabe eqhathanisa amazinga ezifo ezivela kulezi zindlela kulabo abashicilelwa kuzo zonke izingane (i-German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents noma Kinderund Jugendgesundheitssurvey, KiGGS).

Ngokuphambene nalokho, isifundo sangempela eJalimane, "Isimo Sokugoma kanye Nempilo Ezinganeni Nezingane," babheka amarekhodi ezokwelapha avela ku-KiGGS ukubona "ngabe izingane ezingenasidingo kanye nentsha zihlukile kulabo abagonywe ngokwempilo."

Izifo ababezibuka zibandakanya imithwalo yemvelo, i-eczema, i-bronchitis yokuvimbela, i-pneumonia kanye ne-otitis media, isifo senhliziyo, i-anemia, isithuthwane, nokukhathazeka kokungaboni kahle (ADHD).

Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sifundo sesibili sathola ukuthi izingane ezingavunyelwe zithole amathuba okuthola izifo ezivimbela ukugoma. Kodwa-ke, kuphinde kwaphetha ngokuthi "ukusabalalisa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezifo ezingekho ngqo ezinganeni nasebancane akutholakali ukuthi kuncike esimweni sokugoma."

Ngakho-ke, njengoba lezi zingane ezingavunyelwe futhi ezigonywe zinezimo ezifanayo zokwehla komzimba, izifo zomoya, nezinye izimo, njll, kanye nezingane ezingavunyelwe futhi ziningi amathuba okuthola izifo ezivimbela ukugoma, ezifana nesimungumungwane nemisipha, okungavezwanga njengezingane ezingenakulinganiswa ziphilile.

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Abantu Abazange Basebenzise Ukukhathazeka Ngezifo Ezivimbela Ukugoma

Akulona iqiniso. Iningi labantu likhathazekile kakhulu ngezifo ezivimbela umgomo esikhathini sokuqala sokugoma.

Ngesikhathi kuqhuma isifo sofuba eminyakeni yama-1940 kuya phakathi nawo-1950, isibonelo, ngaphambi nje kokuba kutholakale umgomo wokugoma ipholio, kwakungavamile uku:

• amachibi ukuvala
• amakamu ehlobo ukuvalwa
• amasonto nezikole ukuvala
• imizi yonke ukuba ibe yedwa

Abazali bahlala besaba ukuthi izingane zabo zingase zithole i-polio, "ukwesaba kwehlobo."

Ngo-1952, isihloko esivela ku- Kiplinger's Personal Finance , "Lezo zifo zezingane," zathi "Esinye sezici ezivivinya kakhulu zokuba umzali sikhathazeka nokungaqiniseki ngokuphefumula okubomvu, izimpungushe, izinkukhu kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo eziza ebuntwaneni. "

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma othile emndenini wakho uthintekile ngesifo esivimbela ukugoma (umalume wami wayephethe i-polio) noma unelungu lomndeni okhumbula "ukukhathazeka nokungaqiniseki" kwenkathi yokugoma ngaphambi kokugoma, kulula kakhulu ukuxosha umqondo wokuthi abantu abazange bakhathazeke ngaso sonke isikhathi ngezifo ezivimbela ukugoma.

Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi abazali abathinteka kanjani mayelana nalezi zifo uma ubona ukuthi bahamba kanjani kalula ukuze izingane zabo zigonywe kanye uma kugonywa umgomo.

39 -

Okunye Okufundwayo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa izifundo ezingakanani ukufakazela ukuthi imigomo iphephile, isebenza kahle futhi ingabangeli i-autism, abantu abaphikisana nokugoma njalo emva kokufunda okunye okunye.

"Isifundo Esinye" sazo sihlanganisa iqembu elilawulayo lezingane ezingavunyelwe ukuthi zithole i-placebo esikhundleni somuthi wokugoma wangempela. Ngaleyo ndlela, bangaqhathanisa izingane ezigonyelwe ezinganeni ezingavunyelwe.

Ngeke futhi kubandakanye noma yimuphi umcwaningi owake wathola isibonelelo kumkhiqizi wokugoma, i-federal agency, noma uhulumeni wangaphandle ukusiza ekugwemeni ukudala isifundo okungathi "sibhekane nezingxabano."

Njengoba abantu abaningi beqagela, ukutadisha okunjalo phakathi kwezingane ezigonywe ngokugonywa kuzobe kungabi namasiko. Esikhundleni sokumane nje ubheke izingane abazali babo abaye bakhetha ukuzitholela ngenhloso yokuzigoma, ekufundeni okugonywe ngokungahambisani, ngeke ukwazi ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho ithole ukugoma kwangempela noma ukudubula kwamanzi usawoti okwamshiya izifo ezivimbela ukugoma.

40 -

Ubukhulu obulodwa buhambisana naso sonke isimiso sokugoma

Kungani zonke izingane kufanele zithole imishanguzo yazo efanayo, isimiso esisodwa-esifanayo-sonke isimiso sokugoma?

Ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho iyingqayizivele kangangokuthi uhlelo lokugoma lokukhethwa noma lokunye lokugoma lungcono noma oluphephile?

Ingane yakho ingase iyingqayizivele ngezindlela eziningi, kepha isimiso sakhe somzimba samasosha omzimba siphendule imishanguzo kanye nezifo ezivimbela ukugoma ezifana nemayini.

Futhi kukhona imithetho kanye nokuguquguquka okwakhiwe ohlelweni lokugoma olujwayelekile ukuze kusize i-akhawunti kulabo abanezinkinga zesistimu ye-immune noma ezinye izinqununu ezingokoqobo zokuthola igciwane.

Ngokusho kwe-American Academy noma i-Pediatrics, "Uhlelo lubhekwa njengesimiso esihle kakhulu sezingane ezinempilo, kodwa kungase kube nokunye okuhlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane yakho ingase ingatholi imithi ethile uma isifo sofuba singene kwisithako somuthi wokugoma, noma uma unesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula, isimo esingapheliyo, noma olunye ukwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi isibhamu sidinga ukubambezeleka isikhathi esifushane futhi ngezinye izikhathi singanikezwa nhlobo. "

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlelo lokugoma lwenziwa ukuze imishanguzo inikezwe "ubudala lapho isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sizosebenza kangcono" futhi "isidingo sokuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa ezinganeni kanye nezingane ezineminyaka yokuqala kakhulu." Lokho akuzona izici ezingavamile zezingane ezihlukene.

Ngokudala isimiso sokugoma "esiyingqayizivele" somntanakho noma ukulandela nje uhlelo lukaDkt Bob lokunye lokugoma, uvele ugembula ukuthi ingane yakho ngeke ivezwe kwesinye sezifo ezivimbela umgomo ongazange uvikele ingane yakho ngokumelene nayo okwamanje.

41 -

Odokotela Abafundi I-Anything About Vaccines

Ngemuva kweminyaka emine ekolishi, udokotela we-allopathic (MD) noma udokotela we-osteopathic (OD) bese echitha iminyaka emine esikoleni sezokwelapha futhi wenza i-internship kanye nokuhlala okungenani iminyaka emithathu.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kunamathuba amaningi okufunda ngemigomo kanye nezifo ezivimbela ukugoma. Kusuka ku-cell biology kanye ne-immunology kuya kwezingane kanye nemithi yomndeni, abafundi bezokwelapha nodokotela bafunde okuningi mayelana nezifo ezivimbela ukugoma nokugoma.

Kungani ama-anti-vax amasayithi nabazali abavimbela ukugoma emabhodini womyalezo bathi odokotela abazi lutho mayelana nemigomo?

Kungani abazali abaningi benomuzwa wokuthi bayazi ngaphezu kwezingane zabo uma engazi ukuthi imiphi imithi eyenziwa ngamafutha omuncu (i-Adjuvant 65) noma yakamuva ku-squalene?

Akukhona ukuthi udokotela wakho akakwazi kakhulu ngemigomo.

Esikhundleni salokho, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho akakwazi nje mayelana nemithi yakamuva yokulwa nomgomo wokulwa nomgomo ongase uyizwe ngalokho okwenze ukwesaba ukugoma izingane zakho.

Isikhathi esingakanani isifo se-chiropractor noma i-homeopath sichitha ukufunda ngemigomo?

42 -

Abazali Abavunyelwe Ngokomthetho Ukugoma Izingane Zabo

Ngicabanga ukuthi abanye abantu abaphikisana nokugoma badidekile ngokungafani phakathi kokugonywa okuphoqelelwe, ukugonywa okugunyazayo, ukukhululwa komgogodla, nezibopho zomthetho, njll.

Izibopho zomthetho zombuso zokuthola izingane zakho zigonywe kuphela ngokuya esikoleni noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngisho nalapho bekhuluma ngemishanguzo yokugunyazwa noma egunyaziwe, banemigomo edingekayo ukuya esikoleni noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana.

Ayikho imithetho noma izinhlelo zemithetho ezizophoqelela abazali ukuba bagome izingane zabo. Ngisho nasezifundeni ezingenayo ukulula ukuthola imithi yokugoma, akekho ozobamba ingane yakho phansi bese emphoqa ukuba agonywe.

Lokhu kuthiwa, akukho ilungelo lokusungulwa komthethosisekelo kubazali ngenhloso yokugoma izingane zabo futhi bazibeka engozini yezifo ezivimbela ukugoma.

Futhi uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi ngisho nangaphandle kokukhishwa kwemithi, izikole zinelungelo lokugcina izingane zakho ezingenakululwa esikoleni uma kukhona ukuqubuka kwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma.

43 -

Ayinayo Imithi Eyenzelwe Abantu abadala?

Akuzona zonke izingane ezithola umthamo ofanayo wokugoma njengabantu abadala?

Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene ezisekelwe eminyakeni yobudala yeminye yemithi, kufaka phakathi:

• ukugonywa kwesibindi se-hepatitis B (ukwakheka kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala)
• i-hepatitis A (ukubunjwa kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala)
• I-Fluzone Pediatric Dose (izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezinyanga ezingu-35) vs Fluzone
• I-DTaP (isifo sezingane) vs Tdap (10 nangaphezulu)

Imishanguzo ayidingi ngokususelwa kwesisindo somntwana noma iminyaka, ngaphandle kwalezi zimo ezimbalwa, akunandaba ukuthi izinsana zithola umthamo ofana nomfana noma omdala.

Izindleko ezincane zama-antigens emgodini awukona ukuhamba kuwo wonke umzimba wakho ukusebenza njenge-antibiotic noma enye imithi. Zivele zivuselele amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba eduze lapho umuthi wokugoma owenziwe khona.

44 -

Umgomo we-HPV Ukhuthaza Nje Abantwana Ukuba Nezocansi

Ingabe ukuthola umgomo ovikela wena kwi-papillomavirus yomuntu (i-HPV) kusho ukuthi intsha yakho izobe isasebenza kakhulu ngokocansi?

Ingabe bazoba nesandulela socansi okokuqala noma babe nobulili obuvikelekile?

Nakuba bezwakala njengemibuzo engacabangi, abanye abazali basayisebenzisa njengesizathu sokungagcini intsha yabo.

Ngenhlanhla, leyo mibuzo isiphenduliwe futhi labo bazali kufanele bazizwe bekhululekile ukuthola izingane zabo zigonywe ngeGasasil noma iCervarix, imishanguzo ye-HPV. Ukutadisha, " Imibono Yengozi kanye Nezinkinga Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili Ngemuva kwe-HPV Ukugonywa Ngezingane Zentsha ," waphetha ngokuthi "imicabango engozini ngemuva kokugoma kwe-HPV ayihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okubi ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezalandela."

45 -

Odokotela Ungaqedi Izingane Zabo

"Uma odokotela abaningi benqaba ukuwunika izingane zabo, yini eyokutshela yona?"

Yiqiniso, abanye odokotela abagonyanga izingane zabo. Le ngcaphuno engenhla iphuma ku-chiropractor yokulwa nomgomo, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi akagodli izingane zakhe.

Ngingeke ngimangele nakancane uma kukhona ezinye izingane ezingabantwana abagoma izingane zabo noma abazukulu babo. Uma uDkt. Bob Sears, uDkt. Jay Gordon noDkt. Larry Palevsky bekhipha isimiso sokugoma iziguli zabo, ngakho-ke kungani kufanele silindele ukuba benze okuhlukile kumindeni yabo.

Iningi labahlengikazi kanye nodokotela abaningi bezokwelapha empeleni bagoma izingane zabo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi cishe zonke izingane zezingane zigoma izingane zabo ngokulandela isimiso sokugoma njalo futhi zanikeza izingane zabo zonke imishanguzo yabo.

Futhi bonke odokotela engibaziyo ukugoma izingane zabo.

46 -

Kungani Sisafaka Inxankulu Enganeni Yethu?

Yebo, asikho. Futhi sasingekho ngaphambili.

Ngakho-ke manje ukuthi isithwathwa siphelelwe yimithi yokugoma, kungani abantu abano-anti-vax bekhathazekile mayelana ne-toxin emigomeni?

Yiqiniso, bavele baqhubekela kwezinye izinto okuthiwa i-toxin-i-toxin gambit.

Manje bakhathazekile ngokuthi:

• i-aluminium - i-adjuvant eyongezwa eminyeni eminingi ukuze iphumelele kakhulu. Itholakala ngokwemvelo kwezinye izinto eziningi, kuhlanganise namanzi okuphuza, ubisi lwebele, nosana lomntwana . I-aluminium ayizange ithathe indawo ye-thimerosal emigomeni. I-Aluminium ayilondolozi. I-Aluminium "isetshenziswe futhi ifundiswa emigodini iminyaka engu-75 futhi iphephile."
• i-formaldehyde - isithako esisele (iningi lisuswe) elisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ubuthi futhi libulale amagciwane namabhaktheriya okungase kungcolise umgomo ngenkathi kwenziwa. Khumbula ukuthi i-formaldehyde iyimakhemikhali engokwemvelo. Imizimba yethu yenza ngempela i-formaldehyde, ngakho-ke akusona okwesabekayo njengoba kuzwakala, nakuba i-formaldehyde ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Khumbula: Umthamo wenza ubuhlungu.
• i-thimerosal - i-preservative eyayisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukungcola futhi isasetshenziselwa izigxobo eziningi zemithi yomuthi wokugoma, nakuba izingane eziningi manje zithola ama-flu-fri shots-free free from the single-dose vials noma umuthi wokugaya umkhuhlane we-flu.
• I-MSG - njenge-sorbitol (ushukela) ne-gelatin, i-MSG ingeziwe eminye imithi njengesiqiniseko.
• ama-proteins amaqanda - izinto zokwehla zesitokisi ezisele, ezifana namaqanda ama-egg, zikhona eminye imithi (umkhuhlane kanye ne-yellow fever). Ukwenza umuthi wokugoma, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma ama-bacteria ngokuvamile akhulile emasikini esiliva esuselwa kumaqanda inkukhu, imvubelo, i-bovine extract, noma amaseli wezinso zezinso, njll. Iningi lalawo lisuswa.
• i-neomycin - i-antibiotic esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwebhaktheriya ngesikhathi kwenziwa umgomo. Lawa ma-antibiotics, angafaka futhi i-polymyxin B ne-gentamicin sulfate ekugcineni asuswe emgodini futhi ahlale emalini asele.
• i-antifreeze - ngaphandle kwalokho, i-ethylene glycol (i-antifreeze) ayiyona isithako kunoma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma, okungenzeka uqukethe i-polyethylene glycol, amakhemikhali ahluke ngokuphelele.
• izicubu zesisu - imithi ayinayo noma iziphi izicubu zesisu kusuka ekufakeni okufakiwe. Imishanguzo embalwa yenziwa ngemigqa yamaseli ayesuka ekuthomeni kwamaseli e-fibroblast avela ku-fetus ekhishiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le migqa yeseli iye yaphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, manje ikhulile ngokuzimela, isuke isuka kude emasikweni okuqala asetshenzwa ngawo-1960, nokuthi akukho namaseli amasha asetshenziswe ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ngakho-ke uma ungase ubone uhlu olude lwezithako "ezinobuthi" kwiwebhusayithi ye-anti-vax, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukugoma okujwayelekile cishe kuzoqukatha:

• i-antigens yokugoma - eyakhiwe yizinsana eziphilayo ezihlaselwa, zabulala ama-virus, ama-virus ayingxenye, noma amabhaktheriya ayingxenye
• i-adjuvant - ngokuvamile i-aluminium. I-Squalene, i-adjuvant 65 (amafutha omquba), nezinye izikhuthazi ongase uzifunde mayelana nazo azisebenzisi emigodini e-United States.
• i-stabilizer - kuhlanganise i-gelatin, i-albin, i-sucrose, i-lactose, i-MSG, noma i-glycine
• amanani amancane ezinsalela zesitokisi esisele
• amanani amancane ezinsalela ezingasetshenzisiwe
• inani elincanyana lemithi elwa namagciwane

Ngakho, kufanele yini ukhathazeke ngalezi zithako?

Esihlokweni esikhethekile se-Pediatrics, "Ukukhuluma Ngokukhathazeka Kwabazali: Ingabe Imithi Yokugoma Ikhona Izithako Ezingozi, Izithako, Izithasiselo, noma Abahlali?" abalobi baphetha ngokuthi ngaphandle kwamathuba angavamile kakhulu ekuphenduleni okwenziwe i-gelatin namaqanda amaqanda, ezinye izithako "azizange zitholakale zilimaza abantu noma izilwane zokuhlola."

47 -

Izingane Azidingi I-TB Yokugoma

Abantu abaphikisana ne-vax bayakhuluma ngokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B uma bekeza le mpikiswano.

E-United States, i-hepatitis B isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngocansi nomuntu osuleleke egciwane lesifo sofuba. Ungaphinde uthole i-hepatitis B ngokuzithengela inaliti engcolile, ngokuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, nokunye okungajwayelekile ukudweba umzimba, ukubhoboza, noma ukugcoba, njll.

Izinsana nazo zisengozini uma unina enesifo esiphuthumayo noma esingapheli nesifo sokushisa kwesibindi B. Ngaphambi kokugonywa kokuqala kwesibindi se-hepatitis B, izingane ezingaba ngu-18 000 zaqala ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B ngenkathi beneminyaka engu-10 ubudala.

Umuthi wokugoma awukwazi yini ukunikezwa kuphela ezinganeni ezibeka engozini?

Lokho kwenzeka ngempela lapho umuthi wokugoma uphuma kuqala. Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala, kwakunconywa kuphela ukuthi abantu abasemaqenjini aphezulu babegonywe ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B. Ngeshwa, iningi labantu, kuhlanganise nezingane, lise-hepatitis B.

Kwaze kube yilapho sesishintshile sibe yindlela yokugoma ephelele emhlabeni wonke ngo-1991 ukuthi amazinga we-hepatitis B okutheleleka empeleni aqala ukwehla. Eqinisweni, izinga lokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B ezinganeni liye lancipha ngamaphesenti angu-89 njengoba izinga lokugonywa kwesifo sofuba lwe-hepatitis B landa ukusuka kumaphesenti angu-16 kuya kuma-90 eminyakeni eyishumi elandelayo.

Inkinga ngecebo elihlosiwe ukuthi akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi basengozini noma ukuthi banesifo esithathelwanayo sesifo se-hepatitis B. Futhi ngisho nalapho bezama ukuhlola wonke omama ngaphambi kokubeletha ingane yabo, ezinye izingane zizolahlekelwa futhi zizohlakulela isibindi se-hepatitis B. Yilokho okwenzeka phakathi neminyaka yokugonywa kwesibindi se-hepatitis B.

Enye inkinga abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-hepatitis B ingadluliselwa kuphela ngokuziphatha okungozini, njengokulala nomuntu onesifo sofuzo esibhedlela B. Ngeshwa, ungathola nesifo sofuba B ngokuxhumana okungavamile, kufaka phakathi ukwabelana ngamazinyo, i-washcloth , noma i-razor engcolile ngegazi elincane. Futhi khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinti zezinaliti ezihlosile.

Kwenzekani uma uthola isibindi B? Kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala oyithola ngayo, ngoba:

• Amaphesenti angama-90 ezinsana asulelekile
• Amaphesenti angama-30 kuya kwangu-50 kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-5 ubudala anesifo esingenasifo
• Amaphesenti angu-5 abantu abadala aphethwe yingculaza

Ngeshwa, ukutheleleka okungapheli kwe-hepatitis B kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi kanye nomdlavuza wesibindi.

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I-Correlation Equals Causation

Kungani abantu abaningi kangaka becabanga ukuthi imigomo ibangela i-autism?

Ngoba kulula ukucabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezimbili zenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi omunye wabangela enye.

Igama elivamile "ukulungiswa kusho ukucabangela," kodwa kubantu abaphikisayo, akukho "okushiwo" ekucabangeni kwabo. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukulungiswa noma ubuhlobo phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism kubonisa ukuthi imishanguzo ibangela i-autism.

Futhi akukhona ngoba nje ingane yabo ibonakala igxila ngemuva kokuthola izibhamu zabo, kodwa futhi ukuhlanganiswa okufana nemigomo eminingi yanezelwa ohlelweni lokugoma eminyakeni eminingi, izingane eziningi zatholakala ukuthi zine-autism.

Futhi, kwabanye abantu, ukulungiswa kusho ukucabangela.

Yiqiniso, lolo hlobo lokucabanga lungumqondo onengqondo. Inkulumo yangempela yesayensi "ukulungiswa akusho ukuthi i-causation".

Ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezimbili zibonakala zihlobene, akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi omunye ubangele omunye. Kusadingeka wenze ucwaningo ukufakazela noma ukuphikisa umqondo wakho, yilokho ngempela ukuthi siyazi ukuthi imishanguzo ayibangeli i-autism.

Uma sasihamba nje kanye nokulungiswa kusho ukucubungula indlela yokubonisa izinto, sizocabanga nokuthi:

• Ukudla kokudla okubalulekile kubangela i-autism
• i-ayisikhilimu ibangela ukuphola
• i-ayisikhilimu ibangela ukubulala
• ukungenisa amakhemikhali aseMexico kuvimbela ukufa komgwaqo
• Izihlalo zemoto zibangela i-autism

Ukudla i-ayisikhili akuzange kubangele upoli, njengoba abantu babekholelwa. Kwakuyinto nje eyenzekayo ukuthi ukuqhuma kwesifo sofuba kwenzeka ehlobo lapho abantu bedla i-ayisikhilimu ngaphezulu.

Ukulungiswa akusho ukuthi i-causation .

49 -

Ukugonywa Akusiyo Ukugonywa

Abantu abaningi abaphikisana nemigomo basho ukuthi empeleni bonke bayagonywa. Inkinga kubo ukuthi ukugoma akugonyanga.

Udidekile? Njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi la magama amabili asho into efanayo, angimangazi uma ukhona.

Ake sibheke izincazelo zezokwelapha ze-Merriam-Webster zemibuzo emibili futhi sibone ukuthi kungani ukusho ukuthi ukugoma akugonyanga akunangqondo ngempela:

• ukugoma - ukungeniswa kwabantu noma izilwane ezifuywayo zezincane ezincane eziye zaphathwa ukuze zibenze zingenabungozi ngenjongo yokunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengculazi
• ukugoma - ukudalwa kwengculazi kuvame ukulwa nesifo esithile; ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa (njengokugonywa) kwezinto eziphilayo ngenhloso yokwenza ukuthi ivikeleke ku-pathogen ethile

Ngakho-ke, ukugoma kuholele ekuguleni komzimba wokugoma. Njengoba kunezinye izinhlobo zokuzivikela, kuhlanganise nokuzivikela komzimba (uthola isifo sangempela futhi uthuthukise izifo zokulwa ukuze ungabuyiselwa futhi) kanye nokuzivikela okungapheli (njengabantwana bezinsana ze-antibodies ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-placenta), ngiqagela ngokuqondile, wena angasho ukuthi ukugoma akuwona njalo ukugoma.

Kodwa awukwazi ukusho ukuthi amagciwane awagonywanga. Kuyinto impikiswano oyintandokazi phakathi kwezinye anti-ukugoma "ochwepheshe," kuhlanganise eziningi zokwelashwa, kodwa kuyacaca silly.

Uma abantu abaphikisana ne-anti-vax bethi lokhu, ukuthi basho ukuthini ukuthi imithi ayisebenzi, ayidaleli ingculazi, ayiqedanga isikhulu esincane futhi ayizange isisize ukuncipha noma ukuqeda ezinye izifo eziningi ezivimbela ukugoma.

Ukukholelwa ukuthi imishanguzo ayigonyanga, kufanele uthenge emininingwaneni eminingi yokulwa nomgomo wokulwa nomgomo. U-Tim O'Shea (uDkt. T), isazi se-chiropractor empeleni wabhala incwadi ethi Ukugonywa akuyona Ukugonywa . Uphinde uxwayise wonke umuntu mayelana nezidakamizwa zamadola ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane zamadola kanye namagalelo okugoma awakhulume kuwe futhi adala imboni entsha ye-Shaken Baby kanye nezifo eziqhubekayo zePeanut Allergy and Autism.

Ukugonywa ukugoma.

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Ngenze Ucwaningo Lwami

Abantu abavimbela ukugoma abathi baye benza ucwaningo lwabo ngokuvamile baye benza konke kumawebhusayithi okulwa nokugoma.

Uma ufuna ngempela ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho futhi wenze isinqumo esihle kunazo zonke emndenini wakho, ngaphezu kokuchitha leso sikhathi kumasayithi e-anti-vax, kufanele futhi ukhulume nodokotela wezingane futhi:

1. Funda incwadi ethi Ukufa Okukhethile: Indlela Ukunyuka Kokuvimbela Ngayo Imithi Kusihlasela Konke NguPaul Offit , MD
2. Funda amabhuku I-Baby's Best Shot ne- Do Do Yakho Imithi? !
3. Funda incwadi ethi The Panic Virus : Indaba Eqinisweni Yezokwelapha, Isayensi, Nokumesaba nguSeth Mnookin
4. Buza Imibuzo engu-10 Ukuhlukanisa Okungokoqobo Kwisayensi Yezintambo
5. Funda i-athikili Ukukhokhwa Kwesaba: Ingozi kaDkt Sears
6. Buyekeza ukuthi kungani imishanguzo ayixhunyiwe ngempela ku-autism
7. Funda ngezinye zezinganekwane - namaqiniso - mayelana nokugoma
8. Buyekeza le mibuzo emibili ephezulu mayelana nokugoma
9. Qonda ukuthi kungani ingane yami igonywe ngokuphelele
10. Funda izinto ezinhlanu ongakaze wazi mayelana nokugoma kwengane
11. Bheka ukuthi bazali abathandekayo, baqamba amanga
12. Wonder ukuthi kungani abazali Fake Inkolo ukugwema Imithi
13. Funda ukuthi kungani okusheshayo kunamathuba amaningi okulwa ne-Anti-Vaccine Argument ayibambeli Amanzi.
14. Qonda ukuthi Ungahlola kanjani Izinsiza Zokwethenjelwa Ngokwethenjelwa
15. Umbuzo Ngabe "Okunamathiselwe Kokubeletha" Kuyeza Ukuthi Ukuphikisa Umgomo?
16. Qondisisa ama-Tactics namaTropes we-Antivaccine Movement
17. Funda ukuthi kwenzekani uma singagodli?
18. Funda Ukushiya Ukunyakaza Okuvimbela Amagciwane
19. Ungalandeli I-Herd
20. Funda Imibuzo Engu-9. Nine Izimpendulo.

Futhi uchithe isikhathi esithile kumawebhusayithi anika izeluleko ezizwakalayo mayelana nemigomo:

• I-CDC - Kubazali: Imishanguzo Yabantwana Bakho
• I-AAP - Izingane Eziphilile
• I-CHOP - Isikhungo Sezemfundo Yokugoma
• Njalo Ingane Ngambili - Vimba Umndeni Wakho
• I-College of Physicians of Philadelphia - Umlando Wamagciwane
• Imindeni Elwa Nemfudu
• Abazali Abantwana abanezifo ezithathelwanayo
• Amazwi we-Vaccines
• I-Immunization Action Coalition

Uma usenemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, udokotela wakho wezingane uyisisetshenziswa esikhulu ukukusiza ukuba uhlele izinkolelo nezindlela ezingalungile ezizungeze imishanguzo nokuphepha kwegciwane.