Ingabe izingane zakho zisengozini ngesikhathi kuqubuka?
Iningi labantu liyaqonda ukuthi sithola ukugonywa kwethu ukuvikela izingane zethu kanye nathi ngokwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma , okuvame ukudala izifo ezisongela ukuphila.
Imithi esiyithola nayo ivikela wonke umuntu oseduze nathi. Ukuzivikela komzimba kunomthelela wokuthi uma abantu abaningi bengenwe yisifo, ngeke kube khona ukuthi umuntu uzogula futhi aphelele noma ubani emhlambini, kuhlanganise nalabo abangavikelekile.
Nakuba abaningi abanenhloso yokugoma izingane zabo noma ukuzibiza bona abayona ingxenye yomhlambi noma abangakholelwa emzimbeni wokuzivikela, basesekhona. Ziyilungu elingavikelekile lomhlambi oncike kulo lonke lethu ukuvikela.
Ama-Anti-Vax Myths and Misconceptions
Enye yezinkolelo zama-classic noma imibono engalungile ukuthi abantu abaphikisana ne-vax basebenzise ukufaka iziqhumane zezifo ezivimbela ukugoma ukuthi izingane zabo ezingenasidingo azikho ingozi kithi sonke ngoba sonke sinemigomo yethu.
Ngokuvamile bacabanga ukuthi yizingane zabo ezingenasidalwa kuphela kanye nabo ngokwabo abazobe besengozini yezifo ezivimbela ukugoma, okuvame ukucabanga ukuthi akuyona eyingozi, enye inganekwane yokulwa ne-anti-vax.
Ngeshwa, njengoba inani elikhulayo lokuqubuka kwesimungulu e-United States liyabonisa, akukho nezinganekwane eziphikisayo eziyiqiniso.
Eqinisweni, njengoba siqhubeka nokushaya amarekhodi amasha, sibona:
- Izinsana ezisencane kakhulu ukuthi zingagonywa zibanjwe ekugqaseni njengoba zivezwa ehhovisi likadokotela noma esibhedlela, lapho umuntu onesifo sesingqimba efuna ukunakekelwa.
- Abantu abanezinkinga zesimiso sokuvikela amasosha omzimba abangenazidingo ezingenalutho emasimini, njengoba kwenzeka e-Pittsburgh, lapho umfundi wekolishi enesimungumungwane kungenzeka aveze iziguli ezingama-100 zomdlavuza.
- Abantu bahlakulela izinkinga ezinkulu zesimungumungwane, njengomhlinzeki wezempilo obika ukuthi uthuthukise isisombululo se-encephalitis ngesikhathi kuqhamuka isishukela esikhulu e-Fort Worth.
Siphinde sifunde ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqukatha ukuqhuma kwesimungumungwane.
Kwakukhona amacala angu-220 amasimoni e-United States ngonyaka ka-2011. Ukuqukethe ama-107 kuphela kulawo macala ngezimpikiswano ezingu-16, "izindleko ezilinganiselwayo ezilinganiselwe zokuphendula umphakathi ezihambelana neminyango yezempilo yomphakathi nezombuso zivela kusuka ku $ 2.7 million kuya ku-$ 5.3 million. amadola. "
Ngakho ubani obeka engozini lapho othile ekhetha ukungenalo igciwane?
Ingozi Ephakeme - Incane Encane Yokugonywa
Phakathi kwamaqembu abantu abasengozini enkulu kulabo abangabonwayo bengabantwana kanye nezingane ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zingagonywa.
Lezi zivame ukuba izingane zabazali abahlela ukuzitholela ngokugcwele, ngokulandela uhlelo lokugcina lokugoma lwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, kodwa abangekho abadala ngokwanele okwamanje abangavikelwa.
Lena inkinga enkulu kakhulu nge-pertussis (okukhwehlela ukukhwehlela) lapho izinsana zingaqala ukuvikelwa kuze kube yilapho zithola umthamo wesithathu we-vaccine DTaP uma zineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Ekuqothukeni okukhulu kwe-California e-2010 ngo-2010, kwezingane eziyishumi ezafa, eziyisishiyagalolunye zingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
Futhi sibona lokhu ngesimungumungwane futhi, njengoba izingane zingatholi umthamo wazo wokuqala wokugonywa kwe-MMR kuze kube yilapho zinezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ubudala futhi azivikelwe ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho zithola umthamo wesibili, eneminyaka emine. Khumbula ukuthi izingane ezincane kufanele zithole amanani abo e-MMR ngaphambili uma zizophuma e-United States.
Izifo ezivimbela igciwane izingane ezingasengozini kuze kube yilapho sezikhulile ngokwanele ukuze zithole imishanguzo yazo ingafaka:
- Umkhuhlane - umthamo wokuqala wokugoma komkhuhlane oneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, ngesilinganiso sesibili ngenyanga.
- Inkukhu yezinkukhu - njengamasimungumane, izingane zithola umthamo wazo wokuqala ezinyangeni ezineminyaka eyishumi nambili kanti umthamo wesibili uneminyaka emine. Umthamo wesibili unganikezwa ezinyangeni ezintathu emva kokuqala kwesilinganiso sokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho isanda kuvezwa yinkomo yenkukhu.
Izingane ezincane nazo zisengcupheni yezokwelapha, i-rubella, kanye nama-mumps aze asebekhulile ngokwanele ukuba agonywe.
Njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezingane ezingaba yizingu-4 000 000 ngonyaka e-United States, lokho kubeka izinsana eziningi engozini yokusekela isisisi, i-pertussis, nezinye izifo ezivimbela ukugoma.
Ukuze imingqimba, njengoba izingane zingavikelwe ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho zithola umthamo wesibili wokugonywa kwe-MMR uma ziseneminyaka engama-4 ubudala, lokho kusho ukuthi izingane ezincane ezingu-12 000 000 nezinschool zasenkulisa zingasengozini.
Ingozi Ephakeme - Isistimu Yomzimba Ebuthakathaka
Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bangawela emikhakheni eminingi ebanzi, kuhlanganise nalabo abangakwazi ukuthola imithi yokugoma ngoba banesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka nalabo abangagonywa ngokugcwele, kodwa abasenaso ukuvikeleka komzimba ngoba bahlakulele umzimba omzimba inkinga yesistimu.
Futhi uma befuna ukugonywa, ngokuya ngezinga lokunciphisa umzimba, umuthi wokugoma cishe ngeke usebenze kahle.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-180 izinhlobo ezihlukene zokukhathazeka okuzivikela ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nezimbangi eziningi. Phakathi kwalezi zifo zokuvikela omzimba ezingase zibeke izingane engozini yezifo ezithile ezivimbela ukugoma zifaka:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Antibody - i-agammaglobulinemia exhunyiwe ku-X, i-variable variable immunodeficiency, i-IgA yokuntuleka kwe-IgA, ukulahlekelwa kwe-IgG kwesigaba samancane
- Izifo ezingaphelele futhi eziphelele ze-T-lymphocyte - isifo esibi kakhulu se-immunodeficiency (SCID), i-DiGeorge syndrome, i-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, i-ataxia-telangiectasia
- Izisindo emsebenzini we-phagocyte - Isifo esingapheli se-granulomatous, i-leukocyte ukunamathela kwesici, nokuntuleka kwe-myeloperoxidase
- I-HIV / AIDS
- Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza
- Ukuguquka kokuthola ukwelashwa okungenakuzivikela
- Isiyaluyalu esidinga ukwelashwa nge-immunosuppressive doses of steroids
Ngokusho kwe-Immune Deficiency Foundation, "Sifuna ukudala i-'cocoon 'yokuvikela abantu abagonywe iziguli eziphethe izifo eziyinhloko zokuzivikela nge-immunodeficiency ukuze babe nethuba elincane lokuthola ukutheleleka okungathí sina njengemfuluwenza."
Akufanele kube nzima ukubona ukuthi uma ezinye izingane zifuna ukugonywa ngamabomu, ngokuqinisekile zibeka ingozi kulaba bantwana abanezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.
Umbiko we-CDC wokushona kwengane egonywe i-leukemia kuyisimo esibuhlungu sokuthi izingane ezinezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba zingasengozini enkulu ezifo ezivimbela ukugoma. Owesine oneminyaka engu-4 ene-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE) yakha umkhuhlane ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-22 ngemuva kokuba evezwe enkukhu yezinkukhu futhi ngemva nje kokuqala enye imithi ye-chemotherapy, ebangela ukuzivikela okunamandla. Waboshwa esibhedlela wafa ngokuhluleka kwamalungu amaningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva.
Ikhomishana Yezokwelapha I-Immune Deficiency Foundation iphinde ixwayise ngokuthi "ingozi ekhulayo yezifo emkhakheni wezingane, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamazinga okulahla umuthi wokugoma futhi kwezinye izimo ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kwandisa ukutholakala okungenzeka kwezingane ezingenayo i-immunodeficient."
Ingozi Ephakeme - Ayikwazi Ukugonywa
Kunezimo lapho ingane ingase ibe yanele ngokwanele ukuze igonywe futhi ibe nesimiso sokuzivikela esiqinile kodwa namanje asikwazi ukuthola noma yonke imithi yakhe yokugoma.
Nakuba engavamile, owaziwayo kakhulu kungaba ingane eyayisongela ukuphila okweqile emndenini wokugoma noma ingxenye yomgomo. Isibonelo, uma usuphendule ngokusongela impilo ye-neomycin yama-antibiotic, akufanele uphonywe ngemigomo yokukhukhumeza inkukhu, i-polio, noma i-MMR.
Laba yizingane ezinezizathu zangempela zokwelashwa zokuthola igciwane.
Ingozi Ephakeme - Igonywe Futhi Ayivikelekile
Imishanguzo iyasebenza.
Ngesikhathi izingane eziningi zineminyaka emibili ubudala, zivikelwe ngezifo ezine-18 ezivimbela ukugoma, okubandakanya i-diphtheria, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b, isishubhu, imifino, i-pertussis, ne-polio, njll.
Ezinye imithi ziphumelela kakhulu kunezinye, noma kunjalo. Umuthi wokugoma wamasungisi, isibonelo, ungaphezu kuka-99% osebenzayo ekuvikeleni isishukela ngemuva kwamanani amabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuthi wokugoma we-acellular pertussis ungama-80 kuya ku-85% kuphela.
Ngisho noma umgomo wokugoma isisindo ungaphezu kuka-99%, uma kunezingane ezingaba ngu-74,000,000 nezinsizwa ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 e-United States, lokho bekuzobekwabeka izingane eziningi engozini kubantu abangenakunqotshwa igciwane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka engama-6 ubudala ukuya kumtholampilo wezingane ukuze uhlolwe kahle ingane, uneminyaka engu-6 ubudala one-leukemia eya esibhedlela for chemotherapy, noma oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala onesifo esingenasifo esibuhlungu, kufanele Kusobala ukuthi abantu abaningi ababeka engozini ngokungadingekile uma umuntu enza isinqumo sokungaqedi izingane zabo noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa lokugoma.
Imithombo:
I-CDC. Amanothi avela ensimini: Ukufa okuhlangene no-Varicella Ingane Ekhulelwe I-Leukemia - California, 2012. I-MMWR. Februwari 21, 2014/63 (07); 161-161.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile mayelana nokugoma. Izincomo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma (ACIP). I-MMWR. NgoJanuwari 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
I-Epidemiology nokuvimbela izifo ezivimbela ukugoma. I-Pink Book. Ukunyatheliswa kwe-12 Ukunyatheliswa kwesibili.
Immune Defence Foundation, eU.SA. I-IDF Isiguli Nezincwadi Zomndeni Zezifo Eziyinhloko Yokuvimbela Ukuvimbela Imfowuni FIFTH EDITION.
Ikomidi Lezokwelapha LikaMnyango Wokuzivikela Emzimbeni. Izincomo zokugoma eziphilayo zamagciwane kanye nama-bacterium ezigulini ze-immunodeficient kanye noxhumana nabo abaseduze. I-Journal Yokuzifola Kwegazi Ne-Immunology Yezokwelapha.