Abahlengikazi abaningi kanye nabazali bejabule kakhulu ngo-Varivax, umgomo wokukhukhuka.
Umlando we-Chicken Pox
Nakuba umgomo wokukhukhuka waqala ukuthuthukiswa eJapane ngo-1974, kwaze kwafika ngo-1995 ukuthi wamukelwa e-United States futhi wanezelwa ohlelweni lokugoma .
Ngaphambi kokuba umuthi wokugoma wenkukhu uqale ukusetshenziselwa njalo, inkukhu ye-chickenpox (varicella) yayiyisifo esivamile kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ukuthi ngisho nalapho kungesibi kakhulu, kushiywe izingane ezidabukisayo okungenani ngesonto.
Futhi ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zifo zokukhukhuka zikhulile, eziholela esibhedlela ngisho nasekufeni.
E-United States, esikhathini sokuqala sokugoma, "kwakukhona amacala angu-4 wezigidi ze-varicella okuphumela ku-10 500-15,000 esibhedlela kanye nokufa kwabantu abangu-100-150 minyaka yonke," eziningi zazo ezenzeka ezinganeni. Manje ukuthi i-Varivax isetshenziswa njalo, kuye kwaba "nokwehla okukhulu kwezigameko" zezinkukhu kanye nezinkinga zayo.
Umlando we-Chicken Vaccine Vaccine
Nakuba "ukutholakala kokugoma kwe-varicella kuye kwatholakala ukuthi kuphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izifo," akuphelelanga.
Isilinganiso esisodwa se-Varivax siboniswe ukuthi singaba ngu-71% kuya ku-100% ephumelelayo ekuvimbeleni inkukhu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezithola ukutheleleka okuphumelelayo (ukutheleleka ngemva kokugonywa) ukuthola isikhumba esincane kakhulu senkukhu. Umgomo wokukhukhuka umkhuhlane unikeza ukuvikelwa okungaphezulu kwama-95% ngokumelene nokutheleleka okunomsoco nokukhukhumeza okukhulu, nakuba izifundo eziningana zibonisa ukuvikelwa okungu-100% ezimweni ezimbi kunazo zonke zezinkukhu, ezinezilonda ezingaphezu kuka-500.
Uma nje bathola umthamo owodwa wokugoma, lokho kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi zizoqhubeka zithola inkukhu, kodwa kubandakanya abanye abangahle bathole izifo ezilinganayo noma ezinzima.
Izincomo Zokukhushulwa Kwezinkukhu Zamuva Zezinkukhu
Ngenxa yalezi zifo eziphuthumayo, iKomidi Elilulekayo Lokuzivocavoca (ACIP) kuya kwiCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lanikeze isincomo esisha sokuvuselela isikhukhukukhukhukhukuzi emuva kokuqala ngo-2006.
Izingane kufanele zivame ukuthola umthamo wabo wesibili wegciwane lesikhumba lapho kuneminyaka emine kuya kweyisithupha ubudala. Izingane ezindala nabantu abadala kufanele futhi bathole umthamo wesibili uma bengakabi khona.
Lesi sibalo sesibili siboniswe ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa okwandisiwe kwezingane ezigonywe.
Izingane zingakwazi ukuthola ukuhlushwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-chickenpox, ngisho nangemva kwamanani amabili, kodwa cishe ngeke ibe nomkhuhlane futhi ngokuvamile uzoba nezilonda ezincane ezingaphezu kuka-50.
Okudingayo Ukuze Ukwazi Ngomuthi Wokugoma I-Pox
Umuthi wokugoma we-chickenpox ngumgomo wokuphila ovame ukubekezelela kakhulu izingane eziningi. Ezinye izinto zokwazi mayelana nomuthi wokugoma wenkukhu zihlanganisa ukuthi:
- Umthamo wokuqala wokugoma umkhuhlane unikezwa uma izingane ezisencane ziyizinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezi-15 ubudala.
- Umthamo wesibili wegciwane lomkhuhlane ungahlinzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, uma nje okungenani izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuthatha umthamo wokuqala.
- Umuthi wokugoma we-chickenpox ungasiza ekuvimbeleni inkukhu inkukhu uma kunikezwa umuntu okhuthelekile (ongenayo isifo somkhuhlane wezinkukhu futhi engakaze agonywe) zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu emva kokuba zivezwe kumuntu onenkukhu.
- Umuthi wokugoma we-chickenpox awubangeli ukuqhuma kwezigameko ze-shingles noma isifo se-shingles. Lokhu kumane nje enye inganekwane yokulwa nokugoma esetshenziselwa ukwesaba abazali ukuthi bangabondli izingane zabo futhi bavikele izifo ezivimbela ukugoma . Umkhuba wokwanda kwama-shingles amacala kubantu abadala baqala ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukunikeza izingane umgomo wokukhukhumeza inkukhu e-United States futhi ukujwayela ukukhuphuka kwama-shingles amacala kubantu abadala kukhona kwamanye amazwe awanakho ukunikeza izingane umuthi wokugoma wenkukhu.
- Umuthi wokugoma we-chickenpox awunalo manje futhi awukaze ube ne- thimerosal .
- Imithi yokugoma ene-MMR ne-Varicella ( ProQuad ) itholakale ukunciphisa inani lezibhamu izingane ezidinga ukuzithola uma zithola le migomo.
Futhi khumbula ukuthi abantu abadala kufanele bathole umgomo wokukhukhuka uma bengenayo inkukhu lapho bebancane.
> CDC. I-Epidemiology nokuvimbela izifo ezivimbela ukugoma. I-Pink Book: I-Course Textbook - U-13th Edition (2015)
> I-Commentary: icala le-varicella yokugoma yonke indawo. I-Seward JF - I-Pediatr Infect Dis J - 01-JAN-2006; 25 (1): 45-6
> Ukwelashwa kwe-Varicella nomgomo wokuvimbela i-varicella ekhulwini lama-21. I-Vazquez M - I-Pediatr Infect Dis J - 01-SEP-2004; 23 (9): 871-2
> I-Plotkin: I-Vaccines, 6th ed., Copyright 2013