Ngenkathi isifo esibangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis B liye laziwa kusukela esikhathini sikaHippocrates ekhulwini lesi-5 BCE, kwakungakaze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 no-70.
Namuhla, yize izinsana eziningi zigonywa ukulwa nesifo sofuba ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela, sinezinkinga ezingaba ngu-40 zesifo sofuba sokubeletha esibelethweni B ngasinye ngonyaka-abantwana abathola isifo sofuba B kusukela kumama wabo.
Ngenkathi ihle kakhulu kunenkathi yokugoma ngaphambi kokugoma, lapho kunamacala angaphezu kuka-3 500 ngonyaka, lokho kusho ukuthi kusenomsebenzi okwenziwe. Futhi kusho ukuthi namanje kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola igciwane.
Kungani Izinsana Zithola I-Hepatitis B
Kungani izinsana zisathola isifo sofuba B? Izingozi zifaka:
- Abomama abangazange bathole ukunakekelwa kokubeletha ngakho-ke abazange bahlolwe isifo sofuba B
- Amantombazane ama-HBsAma-positive omama abangatholi ukuphathwa ngesikhathi, kungakapheli amahora angu-12 okuzalwa, ngokuvamile ngenxa yeziphambeko zezokwelapha, njengokungabaniki i-HBIG kanye nomgomo ngesikhathi sokungena noma noma belahlekile imiphumela yokuhlolwa emihle
- Amantombazane omama ongaziwa ngesifo se-hepatitis B abangatholakali okwelashwa ngesikhathi (ngokuvamile kufanele baphathwe njengokungathi bahle, ngoba bebengaba)
- Izinsana ze-HBsAmama omama aphelile aphelelanga uchungechunge lokugoma lwe-hepatitis B
Futhi-ke kukhona amantombazane abelethwe omama abakhulu be-viremic, abangase bafumane isifo sofuba B naphezu kokuthola i-HBIG kanye nokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziphikisana nomlomo we-HBV, njenge-lamivudine, i-telbivudine ne-tenofovir, ngethemba lokuthi lezi zingane zizogcina izifo ze-hepatitis B.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-Hepatitis B kuyenziwa ngokwezigaba ezintathu zokukhulelwa, ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral kokubeletha kungaqaliswa uma kuphakama kakhulu, kusiza ukuhlonza omama abane-viremic kakhulu.
Enye ingozi yengane yokuthola i-hepatitis B kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi nalolu hlobo lokuvivinya noma lwe-antiviral.
Thatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela isifo sokushisa kwesibindi B
I-virus ye-hepatitis B:
- Unesifo esingu-2 billion emhlabeni wonke
- Unomdlavuza ongaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-350, okufaka okungenani izigidi ezingu-2.2 e-United States
- Kubangelwa ukutheleleka okusha kwezigidi ezingu-50 unyaka ngamunye emhlabeni jikelele
- Kungenzeka ukuthi kungabangela ukutheleleka okungapheli ezinganeni ezincane
- Ubulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-600,000 unyaka ngamunye
- Ukusakazeka kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu ngegazi kanye nomzimba wamanzi
- Kungabangela i-hepatitis enesifo esibi nesifo esingapheli (nge- jaundice ), i-cirrhosis, ne-hepatocellular carcinomas (umdlavuza wesibindi)
Ngenhlanhla, ikakhulukazi njengoba kusengabikho ukwelashwa kwalezifo, isifo sokushisa kwesibindi B yisifo manje esivimbela ukugoma .
I-plasma yokuqala etholakale ekugonyeni kwesibindi se-hepatitis B yamukelwa ngo-1981 futhi ngokushesha yafakwa esikhundleni sokugonywa kwesizukulwane sesibili, ngo-1986.
Nakuba umgomo wawusebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba, isu lokuqala sokukhomba kuphela amaqembu aphezulu (ingculazi ekhethiwe) ayisebenzi kahle. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi babengazi ukuthi babenengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma beyindlini noma ukuxhumana kocansi komunye umuntu owayengozini enkulu, njengokuba nabalingani abaningi bezocansi noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingenayo.
Ngisho nokuhlolwa kwesisindo esithathelwanayo ngaphambi kokubeletha (ukugoma okukhethiwe nokuhlola) kwakungabikho abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe abanezifo ezingapheli zesifo sofuba B kanye nethuba lokuvimba izingane zabo ukuba zingangeni esibhedlela B.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakungeke kube yilapho sesishintsha ohlelweni lokugoma ingane yonke (ngo-1991) ukuthi sakwazi ukubona ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokutheleleka kwesifo sofuba kubantwana. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, izifo ze-hepatitis B ezinzima zancipha ngamaphesenti angu-96 ezinganeni nasezinsheni kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-2005.
Nakuba amanye amazwe asenza ukuhlola ngokukhethayo ngokugoma, kungenxa yokuthi banesifo esincane kakhulu sabathwali be-hepatitis B ezweni lakubo ukuthi ukugoma kwendawo yonke akucatshangwa ukuthi kuyindleko.
Lezi zihlanganisa amazwe afana neDenmark, Finland, Iceland, Japan, Norway, Sweden nase-United Kingdom.
Amazwe amaningi enza ukugoma endaweni yonke, kufaka phakathi ezinye, njenge-Ireland ne-Netherlands esanda kuguqulwa kusuka ekuhlolweni okukhethiwe.
Imishanguzo emibili ye-hepatitis B, i-Recombivax HB ne-Engerix-B, manje isatholakala kokubili kokuhlelwa kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala. Banikeza isivikelo esikhulu (amaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-100) ngokumelene nokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B lapho kunikezwa uchungechunge lwezinyosi ezintathu.
I-Pediarix ingumuthi wokugoma ohlangene oqukethe i-DTaP, i-hepatitis B (Engerix-B), kanye ne-IPV imishanguzo kwesibhamu esisodwa.
Ngaphansi
I-hepatitis B yisifo esivinjelwe ukugoma izingane zakho ezingakugwema. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazalwa esibhedlela, isikhungo sokugqoka, noma ekhaya, kufanele bagonywe ngochungechunge oluthathu lwegciwane lokugoma oluqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.
Imithombo:
Isu Lokuzivivinya Lokunciphisa Ukuvimbela Ukwedluliswa Kwe-Hepatitis B Virus Infection ezinconyweni zase-United States zeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma (ACIP) Ingxenye 1: Ukugonywa Kwezingane, Izingane Nezingane Ezitholakalayo. I-MMWR. Disemba 23, 2005/54 (RR16); 1-23
I-Epidemiology nokuvimbela izifo ezivimbela ukugoma. I-Pink Book: I-Course Textbook - U-13th Edition (2015)
Giraudon, u-Isabelle. Izinto ezihlangene nokugonywa okungaphelele kwezingane ezisengozini yokudluliselwa kwe-Hepatitis B: I-London Study ngo-2006. Umgomo, Umqulu 27, Issue 14, 23 Mashi 2009, Amakhasi 2016-2022
I-Houweling H. Izinhlelo Zesidlangalaleni VVccination Programs Against Hepatitis B eNetherlands: Ukuhlola Ukuthi Ukubhekiswe noma Indlela Yonke Yamukelekile. Umgomo. 2010 Nov 16; 28 (49): 7723-30.
> Yi, Panpan et al. Ukuphathwa kokudluliselwa komama kwasana kwe-Hepatitis B Virus: Iziphakamiso nezinselele. I-Journal of Clinical Virology, uMqulu 77, ngo-Ephreli 2016, amakhasi 32-39