Izinga lokubeletha kwentsha selilokhu liwela kancane iminyaka, kodwa isalokhu lihlala liphakeme izinga lokukhulelwa kwentsha emazweni asezimboni. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye kulezi zikhukhula azinakulungiswa, okuyinto kunoma yiliphi inani labantu lingandisa ingozi yezinkinga. Inengozi enkulu yabomama abasha kuyabambezela ukunakekelwa kokubeletha noma okubi nakakhulu, cishe amaphesenti ayisikhombisa ayenganakekelwa nhlobo.
Amanani okukhulelwa kwentsha
Kube ngaphansi kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine zokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abaneminyaka eyi-15 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ngo-2014, unyaka wamuva kakhulu onayo onayo idatha. Lona irekhodi eliphansi kanye nokudonsa kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kusukela ngo-2013. Lesi yisibonakaliso esihle kakhulu.
Izinkinga Ngokukhulelwa Kwengane
Esinye sezizathu eziningi zokukhulelwa kwentsha akuwona umqondo omuhle yizimpikiswano ezivela, kuhlanganise nokuntula okungenhla kokunakekelwa kokubeletha. Isizathu sokuntuleka kokunakekelwa kokubeletha kuvame ukubambezeleka ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, ukuphika noma ukwesaba ukutshela abanye mayelana nokukhulelwa. Iningi lamazwe anomnyango wezeMpilo noma umtholampilo waseyunivesithi lapho ukunakekelwa kokubeletha kuyinto ekhululekile noma ephansi futhi imfihlo yesiguli ibaluleke kakhulu, okusho ukuthi akekho ongatshela umndeni kamama wengane.
Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba womusha osemusha usakhula uzodinga ukwesekwa okunomsoco okwengeziwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zakhe kanye nezingane zakhe. Ukweluleka kokudla okunempilo kungaba ingxenye enkulu yokunakekelwa kokubeletha, okuvame ukwenziwa udokotela noma umbelethisi, ngezinye izikhathi abe ngumsoco.
Lokhu kululekwa kuzovame ukufaka ulwazi mayelana namavithamini asebeletha , i-folic acid, kanye nezindleko zokudla nokuphuza. Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana ne- anemia (insimbi ephansi) , ukuzuza kancane kwesisindo, njll.
Enye inkinga ebhekene nabomama abasha kuyisidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala, kuhlanganise nokubhema ugwayi.
Ayikho inani lalezi zinto eliphephile ekusetshenzisweni kokukhulelwa. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungacindezela ukukhulelwa ngisho nokwandisa amathuba okuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezinye izinkinga.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincane kudala ingcebo yezinkinga zabo, kuhlanganise nokulimala kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba nokuningi. Ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi eside kanye nengozi enkulu yezinkinga zezempilo kulaba bantwana ngokuvamile kuvame ukucindezeleka kakhudlwana kumama osemusha.
Uma ubhekene nezinto ezibuhlungu zokukhulelwa kwentsha akuyona into emnandi, lokhu akusikho isithombe okumelwe senziwe. Omama abasha banamandla okukhulelwa kahle kanye nezingane ezinempilo. Ngokudla okunempilo, ukunakekelwa kokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokuhlolwa okuhle kwezinkinga ezingase zibe khona iningi lalezi zinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngeke zibonakale. Nakuba abanye bevame ukucabanga ukuthi awukwazi ukufundisa umama osemusha noma yini ngomzimba wakhe noma emntwaneni, kuyiqiniso ngempela. Abaningi omama abasha abathintekayo ekusebenzeni kwabo baqhubeka beba nabantwana abanobuchopho, naphezu kwezinye izinkinga abazobhekana nazo ekuphileni kwabo. Ukusekelwa emindenini nasemiphakathini kuyimfuneko kumndeni omusha, omusha ukuba uphumelele.
Intsha eningi ikhathazeka ngokuthi imindeni yabo izoyithini uma ithola ukuthi ikhulelwe.
Ngakho bagwema ukutshela abazali babo noma omunye umuntu ongase abasize bathole ukwesekwa. Lokhu kubambezela ukunakekelwa kwabo ngaphambi kokubeletha, okwenza ukukhulelwa kube yingozi nakakhulu ngokwabo nangomntwana wabo.
Izinkinga zabaMama Abakhulelwe nabantwana Ababelethi
Kunezinhlelo eziningi ezikhona ukusiza abazali abasha ukuba bafunde amakhono okubeletha, baqedele imfundo yabo, ikakhulukazi esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi bathole umsebenzi onenjongo noma ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa okuqhubekayo nomqondo wokuthola umsebenzi ongcono. Iqiniso umzali osemusha uzodinga ukusekelwa okwengeziwe futhi mhlawumbe isikhathi sokuqedela le misebenzi. Ukuba nokunakekelwa kahle kwezingane okunika amandla umzali osemusha kunokuba iphoqe intsha ukuthi idlulisele kumhlinzeki wokunakekelwa okukhokhelwayo kuyimfuneko.
Ingxenye nje yabesifazane abakhulelwe bayophothula imfundo yabo esikoleni esiphakeme ngesikhathi beseneminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kwabesifazane kuleyo nkathi yobudala abangakhulelwa.
Kukhona nokukhathazeka ukuthi emva kokukhulelwa okunye, omunye angalandela. Ukuxoxa ngokukhulelwa kwentsha kungabaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokukhulelwa okulandelayo. Lokho kusho, ukuvuleka nokwamukela kwentsha ekhuluma nawe ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza.
Imithombo:
> Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Osterman MJK, et al. Ukuzalwa: idatha yokugcina ka 2014. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2015; 64 (12): 1-64.
I-Kost K ne-Henshaw S, Ukukhulelwa Kwama-Teenage yase-US, Ukuzalwa Nokukhipha Isisu, 2010: I-State Trends nge Age, 2010, https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends10.pdf
Ukukhulelwa kwentsha. March we-Dimes. Novemba 2009.