Ukuphikisana Kokuzala Ngokuphathelene NamaK cell kanye nokungafani
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amangqamuzana ombulali wemvelo noma ama-cell cells (NK cells) angabangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu kuyinhloko ephikisana kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe bezokuzala . Yini esikwaziyo mayelana nokuba khona kwama-NK amaseli kulabo abanezinsizakalo eziphindaphindiwe, futhi yiziphi izingozi nezinzuzo zanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okungenzeka?
Ngabe ama-cell killer cells (NK cells)?
Amangqamuzana omzimba wemvelo (NK cells) awuhlobo lwe-lymphocyte, enye yezinhlobo zamangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe esimisweni sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
Lawa maseli "angama-fighters," anesibopho sokuqeda amangqamuzana anegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngisho namangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wethu.
Iyini umsebenzi wezinhlayiya ezibulalayo eziMzimba?
Amasosha ethu omzimba ahlehlisiwe abe izingxenye ezimbili eziyisisekelo. I-"system immune system" noma "amasosha omzimba omzimba" isebenza ngendlela engacacile, ihlasele noma yini engaphandle engena emizimbeni yethu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sitholakale siyingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba esibhekene nabahlaseli abathile. Le ngxenye yesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba ibhekene nokukhumbula umhlaseli futhi ukulungele uma kufanele ubuyele. Njengalokhu, lidlala indima ebalulekile ekugonyeni okutholile ngokumelene nezifo ezivamile.
Njengengxenye yesistimu yomzimba yangasese (noma engekho). Amaseli e-NK anemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:
- Amaseli we-NK angase abophe umfutho, akhulule izigulane ezinobuthi ezingase ziqhume isiliva noma zife kancane kancane
- Amaseli e-NK angasebenza njengama-immunoregulators, elawula ezinye izingxenye zesistimu yomzimba ngokuzivikela kwama-cytokines
Yini esiyaziyo mayelana namaCells Killer Kills (NK Amaseli) kanye nokususwa?
Kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi amangqamuzana ebulalayo wemvelo aphakanyisiwe egazini legazi (nesisu) sabesifazane abanamaphutha aphindaphindiwe, kodwa hhayi ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi ama-NK cells ngokwabo abangela lezi ziphutha.
Naphezu kwegama elingavamile elizwakalayo, amangqamuzana okubulala emvelo akuyona into embi ukuba nayo. Amaseli e-NK adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamasosha omzimba. Basiza umzimba ukulwa nezicubu futhi ubhubhise amaseli anesifo sengculazi kanye namaseli omdlavuza.
Ngenxa yamanethi e-NK ephakeme abesifazana abanezinsizwa eziphindaphindiwe , abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amangqamuzana e-NK angase abe nesibopho somzimba wesifazane oqeda ukukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izizathu ezenza ukuthi amangqamuzana e-NK aphakanyiswe.
I-Case For NK Amaseli Ezokuthutha
Kunzima ukuphikisana ukuthi amangqamuzana e-NK aphakanyisiwe kwabesifazane abanokukhubazeka okuphindaphindiwe kusukela ngezifundo eziningi baye bathola ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Abacwaningi baye basikisela nokuthi amakhemikhali e-NK aphakeme angase abe ngemuva kokungxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zazo zonke izifo ezingenakuchazwa.
Ososayensi baye baveza izindlela ezimbalwa lapho amakhemikhali e-NK aphakeme angaqeda ukukhulelwa okungenamandla , ngokuvamile ekhuthaza umbono wokuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuhlungu senza amangqamuzana ahlasele ukukhulelwa. Okungenani isifundo esisodwa sitholile ubufakazi bokuthi amangqamuzana e-NK emasenjini okuhlasela kwesibeletho kusukela ekukhulelweni ezimweni zokungahambi kahle komzimba, nakuba kungaqondakali ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini.
Abanye abacwaningi baye babheka ngisho nama-chromosomes okukhulelwa okungaziphathi kahle ukuze banqume ukuthi amakhemikhali we-NK akhuphukile ngenxa yesimo somzimba sokwemvelo ekukhulelweni okungavamile okungavamile . Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abesifazane abanamakhemikhali e-NK aphakeme cishe bangase bahlehlise ingane evamile yengane ekukhulelweni kwabo okulandelayo.
Uma kuyiqiniso, amakhemikhali e-NK aphakeme enza ukuthi ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo kuphumele amandla, ukunciphisa amakhemikhali aphakeme e-NK kufanele aholele engozini yokunciphisa isisu. Ucwaningo lubheke ukusetshenziswa kokubili kwe-corticosteroids (njenge-prednisolone) ne-IV immunoglobulins (i-IV gammaglobulin) kulabo abanomlando wokukhulelwa kwesisu okuphindaphindiwe.
Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola ukuthi lezi zonyango, ikakhulukazi i-IV immunoglobulins zingandisa amathuba okuba abathintekayo bazothatha ukukhulelwa kwabo okuzayo kuze kube yisikhathi. Abacwaningi batusa ukuthi izifundo ezengeziwe kufanele zenziwe ukuze ziqonde izingozi nezinzuzo zalezi zonyango.
Icala elibhekene namakheli e-NK ekuthunjweni
Kunezincazelo eziningi zokuthola ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali e-NK aphezulu kubantu besifazane abanezinsizwa eziphuthumayo eziphindaphindiwe.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukushintshashintsha kwe-NK cells. Ucwaningo oluvela ngo-2006 lwathola ukuthi abesifazane abanezinsizwa eziphindaphindiwe bebengakwazi ukuphakamisa amakhemikhali e-NK emgqonyeni wokuqala wegazi - kepha bese egazini le-2 badweba imizuzu engu-20 kamuva, bangabonisi ukuphakama kwama-NK cells uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangenawo umlando kokukhulelwa kwesisu. Abacwaningi bacacise ukuthi kwakukhona ithuba lokuthi abanye besifazane babevame ukuba nesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esasabela kalula kalula ekucindezeleni, okungase kuhlanganise nokunye ukucwaninga okubonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kokucindezeleka nokukhulelwa komzimba .
Kukhona nakanjani ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amakhemikhali e-N aphakeme angabangela "ingozi eyengeziwe yokukhulelwa kwesisu, kodwa ukuthi kokubili ukuphakamisa amakhemikhali e-NK nokukhubazeka okuphindaphindiwe kuxhumene nesimo somzimba sokuzivikela esingajwayelekile. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubheka ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-NK cells, ukukhulelwa kwesisu nokugula kwesifo sofuba.
I-cell killer yemvelo ehlobene Nezokwelapha Ukuthutha Umshado
Kukhona ucwaningo oluningi olwenziwe ukwenziwa ukuhlaziya ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali e-NK aphakeme phakathi kwalabo abanochotshozwa obuphindaphindiwe, futhi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kusacatshangwa ukuhlolwa ngalesi sikhathi. Ngenkathi i-IV immunoglobulin isanda kuhlanganiswa nokunciphisa ukukhubazeka okuphindaphindiwe futhi inikezwe izithupha, noma iyiphi yalezi zinyango zidinga ukulinganiswa. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi i-corticosteroids ephakeme kakhulu ingathinta kabi ukukhulelwa kokuqala. Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okubhekwa njengokuhlola kudingeka kuhlolwe ngokucophelela mayelana nezinzuzo zombili kanye nezinkinga zokwelapha.
Naphezu kwezihloko zesikhashana, akukho nhlangano yezokwelapha inconywa ukuthi ihlolwe futhi ilawule amakhemikhali e-NK kwabesifazane abanezinsizwa eziphindaphindiwe. Kukhona ucwaningo oluningi oludingeka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani angancoma ngempela ama-steroids noma abacindezeli be-immune njengokwelapha okuphindaphindiwe kokukhulelwa kwesisu. Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwama-NK amangqamuzana aphakeme kufanele kuthathwe njengokuhlola kuleli phuzu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi lezi zokwelapha zingase zingabi usizo, zonke ziphethe nemiphumela emibi okuzodinga ukulinganiswa nanoma yiziphi izinzuzo.
Ngezansi ku NK Cell Ukwelapha Okuhlobene Nezimboni Eziphindaphindiwe
Kunezikhala eziningi ekuqondeni ukuthi amangqamuzana e-NK angathinta kanjani ukukhulelwa .
Uma uke wahamba ngesisu ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwesisu, ungase uzimisele ukuzama noma yini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma kungenzeka ukuthi isebenze. Uma ulandela amasosha omzimba omzimba we-NK egciniwe, qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukungaqiniseki ekucwaningeni futhi usebenza nodokotela ongaqinisekisi izithembiso ezingenangqondo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulinganisa noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezitholakala ngokubhekene nezinengozi zezokwelapha lapho ukhulelwe.
Ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa okuphindaphindiwe kunzima kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi. Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzimba ukuthi labo abangazange babhekane nalokhu bamane abakwazi ukuqonda. Mhlawumbe uthola amathekisthi anele okwehluleka ukuphendula ifoni yakho ngezinye izikhathi. Ngokujabulisayo (noma ngokudabukisayo) awusiye wedwa. Manje kukhona imiphakathi yokusekela enhle kakhulu ye-inthanethi lapho abesifazane bengakwazi ukuxhuma nabanye "ababekhona" futhi baqonde ezinye imizwelo labo abangakabikho abakwazi ukuqala ukuyiqonda.
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