Abazali abaningi bayakwazisa ithuba lokuthola ukugubha abantwana babo nge- ultrasounds ngenkathi owesifazane ekhulelwe. Bayajabula ngethuba lokubona omncane wabo ngesikhathi sangempela, bebonisa amakhono amasha afana nokukhahlela , ukuwasha noma ukuphuza isithupha sakhe.
Abazali bangafakaza ingane yabo isathuthuka esibelethweni namuhla kunanini ngaphambili, kodwa bangase bazibuze ukuthi ingakanani ingane engayenza ngenkathi isesesibelethweni.
Siyazi ukuthi izingane zingakwazi ukuzitholela zisencane kanti zikwazi ukugwinya, isibonelo, kepha kuthiwani ngokukhala? Ingabe izingane zikhala esibelethweni? Sonke siyazi ukuthi izingane zichitha isikhathi esiningi zikhala ngaphandle kwesisu (ngokuvamile ngo-3 AM, kwesokudla?), Kodwa ziqala ukuguquguqula lezo zinhlanzi ezikhalayo ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwazo?
Indlela Ababelethi Abaphendula Ngayo Ekugcineni
Abacwaningi baqale bafuna ukwazi ukuthi abantwana basabela kanjani esibelethweni lapho beqaphela ukuthi ngokushesha kakhulu emva kokubeletha, izinsana zibonisa ukuthanda izwi lomama wabo. Ingabe lezi zingane zazifunda amazwi omama ngenkathi zisesesibelethweni? Noma ingabe bavele bazi ukuthi obani omama babemvelo?
Manje, siyazi ukuthi lezi zingane ziqala ukufunda nokuphendula emhlabeni ngenkathi zisesezibelethweni. Eqinisweni, izifundo zisibonise ukuthi abantwana baqala ukuphendula okuningi ngaphambi kwalokho ongalindela lapho besesesibelethweni.
Isifundo esisodwa sika-2015, isibonelo, sithole ukuthi ingane yokuqala eyabhalwa ukuphendula umsindo esibelethweni yayinamaviki angu-16 ubudala, empeleni ngaphambi kokuba izindlebe zikhule ngokugcwele. Ucwaningo lubuye lwathola ukuthi ukukhuluma nokuthinta ingane esibelethweni kuphazamise ngqo ingane futhi ukuthi izingane zizokhahlela ngaphezulu futhi ziqhube ngaphezulu njengomphumela.
Ngokuyinhloko, manje siyazi ukuthi abantwana baqala ukufunda ngezwe ngaphandle kwesibeletho ngenkathi besengaphakathi kwesibeletho. Baphendula ngesisusa sangaphandle, njengemisindo, ukunyakaza komama, ukukhanya, kanye nabantwana abakhulu abacindezela esiswini sikamama. Amantombazane e-utero angathuthuka, ahambele, agijime, futhi njengoba wonke owesifazane okhulelwe eyazi, yenza i-somersault enamandla. Kodwa kuthiwani ngokukhala? Kubonakala sengathi kungaba nzima ukutshela ukuthi ngabe umntwana uqobo uyakhala yini esibelethweni, ngenxa yalokho konke amniotic uketshezi nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi umntwana esesibelethweni angeke abe nokuningi ukukhononda-emva kwakho konke, unomnandi kakhulu ukusetha kuqhubeka lapho.
Kwenzekani Lapho Umntwana Ekhala?
Nakuba ungase ucabange ngokukhala njengento elula kakhulu, empeleni kuningi okwenza ukukhala. Ukuze umntwana akwazi ukufeza, kuzomele kube nokusebenzisana okuningi phakathi kwezinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi imisipha ebusweni, ukulawulwa kwemimoya, nokuphefumula. Into esemqoka edingekayo ukuba ingane ikhale ngenye indlela yokumema-aka umsindo. Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi kukhona kokubili okungezona okuzwakalayo kanye nezwi lokumemeza ukukhala. Ngakho-ke lapho ingane iqala ukufunda ukukhala esibelethweni, ibonisa ukungaveli okuzwakalayo kokukhala.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi umntwana okhalayo ukuthi ukukhala empeleni kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa. Ingane ekwazi ukukhala empeleni ibonisa ukuthi ubuchopho bakhe nesistimu yomzimba nomzimba usebenza kahle ukufeza ukukhala. Ngakho ukukhala okungaphezu kokuhlangana iso-isikhala empeleni imelela ukuthi ingane yakho iwukuthi:
- Ukuqaphela uhlobo oluthile lwentuthuko engaphandle
- Ukucubungula ukuthi le-stimuli yinto engase ibe yingozi noma isongele futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivuselelwe
- Ukuphendula ku-stimuli ngokusebenzisa iqoqo lezinyathelo eziningi, ukusuka ekuziphatheni ngokomzimba ukuzama ukuzwakalisa ukuqwashisa kwengqondo yobuchopho
Ukukhala kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ikwazi ukukhomba kumnakekeli ukuthi udinga usizo, isesimweni esibucayi, noma sidinga ukususwa esimweni esasongelayo futhi siyindlela yokusinda.
Ingabe Amantombazane Akhala Ngalo Mbuzo?
Impendulo emfushane ukuthi yebo, izinsana zikhala esibelethweni, kodwa ososayensi abaqiniseki ukuthi yiliphi izinga elicacile ngoba kusobala ukuthi ukukhala akukona ngaphakathi kwesibeletho somntwana. Izingane ezikhala ngo-utero zingase zibuke kancane kunomntwana okhala ngaphandle kwesibeletho, isibonelo.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwaqhathanisa ukuziphatha komntwana ngaphandle kwesibeletho nokuziphatha kwengane ngaphakathi kwesibeletho. Baqaphela amazwe angu-5 ukuthi umntwana unalo: ukulala okuthulile, isimo esisebenzayo, ukuphaphama okuthula, ukuphaphama okusebenzayo nokukhala. Kulezo zingu-5 zithi, yizona ezine zokuqala ezacatshangwa ukuthi zikhona ngaphakathi kwesibeletho. Kodwa isifundo, esasibukela ukusabela komntwana ekufakeni ugwayi kanye ne-cocaine, empeleni kwarekhoda lokho okwakubonakala kubonisa umntwana esibelethweni esikhala.
Abacwaningi bathi umntanakho wabonisa ukuziphatha okuhlobana nokukhala okwakungathi kubonakale kungaphandle kwesibeletho: ukuvula nokuvula umlomo wayo ngenkathi ulimi luwela phansi, bese ubonisa ukuphefumula okwenziwe kathathu. Ukuphefumula kwesithathu nokugcina kufaka isikhashana lapho i-inhale nephefumula eningi ngaphandle kokuthi "ukuxazulula." Ngokuyinhloko, yini ongayicabanga uma umntwana ekhala isikhashana. Kulolu cwaningo oluthile, abacwaningi bathola ubufakazi bokuziphatha okukhalayo okungenani ezinye izingane ezingu-10.
Ngesikhathi lo cwaningo lukhishwa ngo-2004, kwakungumhlaba omkhulu, ngoba wanikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi ingane "ikhala" esibelethweni futhi yashintsha ngempela indlela abacwaningi abacabanga ngayo ngokuziphatha komntwana, umsebenzi nokuthuthukiswa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, omunye wabantwana empeleni wabonisa ukuziphatha okukhalayo ngemva kokuqala kokuqala komama. Okuyinto enengqondo uma ucabanga-ingane iqalile ukugibela zasendle esibelethweni!
Ekugcineni, ngokusekelwe kulokho okushiwo isifundo, igama elithi "i-neonatal cry" lahlanganiswa, ngoba nakuba okuningi kokucubungula ngemuva komntwana ekhala futhi izingxenye zangempela zomzimba zomntwana ezikhalayo zifana, njengokuhamba komzimba, ukuhambisana nama-grimaces ukucabangela, nokuveza futhi ukukhipha amaphrofayli ahambisana no-ex-utero ukukhala, akuyona indlela efanayo yokukhala. Umehluko omkhulu? Umntwana akakwazi ukwenza umsindo okwamanje.
Ngabe Izingane Ziqala Ukukhala?
Odokotela bayazi ukuthi izingane zihlakulela zonke izinto ezidingekayo "prereqs" ezidingekayo ukuze zikhale ngamasonto angu-20 esibelethweni. Isibonelo, ngamaviki angu-20, i-fetus ihlobanise ukunyakaza kokuphefumula, ingavula umhlathi wayo, igwebe umlomo wayo, futhi ikhulise ulimi lwayo. Ngaphansi kwesisu, singase sigwinye. Futhi ngoba izingane zivame ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, odokotela bayazi ukuthi ngemuva kwamasonto angu-24, izinsana zingaveza imisindo yokukhala futhi ziphendule umsindo endaweni yazo.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ukukhala kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwengane futhi imele umzamo ohlanganyelwe phakathi kwezinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni. Ingane iqala ukuthuthukisa zonke izinzwa zayo, kusukela ekuthinteni, ukuhogela, ukuzwa, nokunyakaza ngisho nangaphakathi ngaphakathi esibelethweni futhi unamakhono onke okulinganisa ukukhala cishe emavikini angu-20 ukubeletha.
Izingane zifunda ngezwe ukuthi zizohlala ngaphandle kwesibeletho kusukela ezweni labo lokuqala ngaphakathi, futhi ingxenye yalokho kuhilela ukusabela kulokho okwenzekayo nxazonke. Ingane ingase ingakwazi ukukhala ngomqondo ofanayo ukuthi uzokhala ngaphandle kwesibeletho, ikakhulukazi ngoba isibeletho sigcwele amniotic fluid, okungase kuphuze izinyembezi kancane kancane. Kodwa umntwana esibelethweni ngokuqinisekile uyasabela futhi asebenze ngendlela efanele, efaka ukuziphatha okukhalayo.
Imithombo:
> Gingras, J., Mitchell, E., & Grattan, K. (2005). > Fetal >> homologue > yezingane ezikhalayo. Ukugcinwa Kwezinkinga Ezinganeni. I-Fetal ne-Neonatal Edition , 90 (5), F415-F418. http://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.062257
UMarx, V. (2015, Juni 8). Izimpendulo Zokuziphatha Zomfayo ku-Voice Mother and Touch. Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku- http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0129118