Okwenza Abanye Abantwana Bakhuthazwe Ukuzibophezela Okuphansi
Izingane ezincane zivame ukuba nezinyathelo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuzethemba, kodwa lapho kuqala iminyaka ephakathi, ukuzethemba okuphansi kungase kube yinkinga enkulu. Kunezizathu eziningi ezihambisanayo zokuthi kungani ukuzithoba okuphansi kuqala ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuqala.
Ukuziqhenya Okuphansi Ngokuqhathaniswa Nabanye
Endaweni ethile phakathi kweminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-11 ubudala, izingane ziqala ukuziqhathanisa nontanga yazo.
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kwezenhlalakahle okwenzeka okusha kubangelwa kokubili izizathu ezingqondweni nezenhlalo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Erik Erikson ukholelwa ukuthi ukuziqhathanisa kubeka isiteji somzabalazo omkhulu kunazo zonke izingane ezibhekana nazo kule minyaka. Ukholo lwabo oluyinhloko, ukholelwa, lubeka phambili ekuthuthukiseni umqondo wembonini, noma umuzwa wokukwazi, ngenkathi ugwema umuzwa wokungaphansi.
Ukuzibophezela Okuphansi Ngokuzizwa Kungenakwenzeka
Njengoba u-Erikson ephawula, ezinye izingane ziqaphela ukuthi imizamo yabo ayinhle njengezo ontanga yabo futhi baqala ukuzizwa bengaphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphawulekayo, ukuzizwa kungenakuqhathaniswa akusikho konke okuholela ekuziphatheni okuphansi. Uma ukusebenza okungalungile kwengane kwenzeka endaweni engayibongi, njengezemidlalo, ukuzethemba kwakhe akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthinteke. Kodwa-ke, uma engenakuqonda endaweni afunayo ebalulekile, njengezifundiswa, usemngciphekweni wokuhlambalaza.
Ukwandisa Ukucindezelwa Komsebenzi Kungabangela Ukuzimela Okuphansi
Ukucindezelwa komsebenzi nakho kwanda phakathi neminyaka ephakathi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala nengane, abazali nabafundisi bavame ukuncoma noma yikuphi umzamo, omkhulu noma omncane, ompofu noma omuhle kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba intsha isondela, abantu abadala bayalindela okuningi kubantwana; umzamo usabalulekile, kodwa ukusebenza kuqala ukubaluleka nakakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abayishumi nje abazenzele ukufanisa kwabo phakathi kwabo noontanga babo, kodwa futhi bafakaza abantu abadala abenza ukufaniswa okufanayo.
Ukuzibophezela Okuphansi Okuvela Ekuqondeni Kwabanye Okuveziwe
Njengababelethi bezenzo zabazali kanye nabothisha, ukwanda kokuqala kubonakala ukudumazeka okuvela kulaba bantu abadala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kwengane kuthinteka kuncike ekutheni abantu abadala abaphikisana nemizamo yabo. Uma ukungavunyelwa kuvela kumuntu ingane engayithandi - tshela uthisha ongenandaba - ingane ayinakwenzeka ukuthatha isahlulelo ngenhliziyo nokuzihlonipha kuyohlala iphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane ikholelwa ukuthi umzali othandekayo noma umqeqeshi omethembayo udumazekile kubo, ukuzithoba kungase kubangele. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi abazali bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni izingane zigcine ukuzethemba okunempilo .
Imithombo:
UHarter, uSusan. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamanye Amaphuzu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamanye Abantu. In Handbook of Personality Development by Mroczek and Little (Ed.), Amakhasi 311-334. 2006. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
UMcAdams, uDan, & Olson, uBradley. Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu: Ukuqhubeka nokuguqula inkambo yokuphila. Ukubuyekezwa Kwangonyaka Ka-Psychology. 2010. 61: 517-542.