Funda ukuthi kungani amawele amabili eFomu
Kukhona i-mystique ehlotshaniswa neziphindaphindiwe. Amawele nama-multiples yizinto ezithandekayo nokukhathalela kakhulu. Nakuba sezivame kakhulu ezizukulwaneni zakamuva, zisengumcimbi ongajwayelekile. Kuzo zonke abantu abayikhulu ohlangana nabo, kuphela abathathu abazoba amawele, futhi abambalwa kakhulu bangasho ukuthi bangabantu abaphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu.
Ngenxa yobuthakathaka babo, kunezingxabano eziningi ngabo. Enye yezingxabano ezivame kakhulu yimbangela yamawele nama-multiples.
Izinhlobo zamawele
Akuwona wonke ama-twinning angaba nomphumela ofanayo. Ukuze uqonde izimbangela zamawele, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamawele, ezihlukaniswe yi- zygosity . Zihlanganisa:
- Izimpande ze-Monozygotic zivela ku- zygote elilodwa (iqanda elivuthiwe) elihlukanisa emva kokukhulelwa. Amawele e-Monozygotic ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amawele afanayo ngoba avela ehlangothini elilodwa leqanda / insimu futhi abelane ngesimo sangempela sofuzo, ngakho-ke bavame ukufana ngokufanayo futhi babelane ngezici eziningi ezifanayo. Amawele e-Monozygotic ahlale efana nobulili (nabambalwa kakhulu, okungajwayelekile, ngaphandle ).
- I-Dizygotic noma i- multizygotic, iphindaphindeka ifomu kusuka kuma-zygote amabili noma ngaphezulu, amaqanda ahlukene ahlonywe yi-sperm ehlukile ehlanganyela isikhathi esifanayo sokubeletha. Amawele e-dizygotic ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amawele asondelene . Ngenhlanganisela yabo eyingqayizivele yezakhi zofuzo, banokuxhumana okufanayo kofuzo njengabanye abantakwethu kepha bahlanganyela ngesisu ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Amawele e-dizygotic angaba abafana, amantombazane, noma inhlanganisela.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
Ngesikhathi somjikelezo ojwayelekile we-ovulation, iqanda elilodwa (noma i- oocyte ) likhishwa kuma-ovarie wesifazane. Uma iqanda lihlwanyelwa isilisa esivela kumuntu ngesikhathi sokulala ngokobulili, i- zygote ephumela ekuhambeni kwesibeletho sesifazane, ehlukanisa futhi ephindaphindiwe ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-mitosis, lapho izofaka khona futhi ikhule ibe yingqungquthela futhi ekugcineni ibe ingane.
Yeka indlela amafomu we-Dizygotic (Fraternal) amafomu
Ngezinye izikhathi, amaqanda angaphezu kweyodwa akhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Uma amaqanda amabili ekhulelwa ngesikhathi sokulala ngokobulili futhi kokubili ukufaka ngempumelelo kwesibeletho, umphumela ukukhulelwa okuningi. Uma kukhishwa amaqanda angaphezu kwama-2, azaliswa futhi ahlwanyele, umphumela wenziwe ngamaphilisi amaningi we-multizygotic, ama-multiple multiples oda efana ne-triplets (3), ama- quadruplets (4), ama- quintuplets (5), ama- sextuplets (6), ama-septuplets (7), ama- octuplets (8), noma ngisho nangaphezulu, nakuba kungenjalo ukuphindaphindwa okudlula ukuqhuma okwakwaziwa ukuthi kusinde.
Izimbangela Zezinwele ZaseDizigotic (Izihlobo)
Amawele e-dizygotic noma amazwe afana ngendlela efanayo nabo bonke abantu abazenzayo, ngokubambisana kwesidoda kanye neqanda. Incazelo ye-twinning e-dizygotic ikhona embangela we-hyperovulation, okuwukukhululwa kwamaqanda angaphezu kweyodwa kumjikelezo wokuvuthwa. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuxoshwa komzimba kanye nanoma yikuphi noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezici kungenziwa ngokuthi imbangela yamawele omzalwane.
Izinto eziku-Hyperovulation
Ama-hormone alawula inqubo yokuvuthwa. Ngokujwayelekile, basho umzimba ukuthi ukhulule iqanda elilodwa emjikelezweni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi baqala ukukhululwa kwamaqanda amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ezinye zezici ezingase zibe nemiphumela kuma-hormone futhi zithonye le nqubo yilezi:
- Ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha noma ukusetshenziswa okungavamile kwamaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa
- Ukubeletha
- Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzala ezifana ne- Clomid
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okuchazwe njengabesifazane abane-BMI engaphezu kuka-30, njengoba izitolo ezengeziwe zamafutha zikhiqiza amazinga akhudlwana we-estrogen
Ezinye izinto eziku-Hyperovulation
Ezinye izici zicatshangelwa ukuthi zenze ukukhukhumeza kwabesifazane futhi zenze amawele, afana nalokhu:
- Izakhi zofuzo : Abanye besifazane bangase bahlaziye njalo futhi kukhona ngempela isakhi esibangela ukuba benze kanjalo. Nakuba bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bathwala isakhi, abesifazane kuphela abavuthayo, ngakho-ke owesifazane onesisindo ophethe i-hyperovulates angaba namawele omfowabo. Indoda enegeni ngeke ibe nomama, kepha ingadlulisela umkhuba kuye indodakazi yakhe, mhlawumbe ingabe ifuna ukuba namawele.
- Umlando womndeni: Abesifazane abaye bakhulelwa futhi babeletha izingane eziningana kakade kungenzeka ukuthi banamawele. Nakuba ukukhulelwa kwangaphambilini kungabangeli ukukhukhumeza noma kubangele amawele, kungenzeka ukuthi isibeletho sikamama sisaba nezihambi zokwamukela ukukhulelwa kwamabili.
- Ubudala bomama: Njengoba ukhula, kungenzeka ukuthi u-hyperovulate. Mhlawumbe kuwumzamo womzimba ophuthumayo wokuzala ngaphambi kokuba isikhathi siphele. Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 banamathuba okuba namawele, futhi izinga landa ngisho nangaphezulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35.
- Ukuphakama : Abesifazane abakhulile banesilinganiso esiphakeme kunazo zonke zokukhulelwa kwamawele. Izizathu azikho ikakhulukazi, kodwa mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi ukuphakama okukhudlwana kuhlotshaniswa nokudla okungcono, noma ukuphakama okweziwe kunikeza ikamelo eliningi esibelethweni, okwenza ukukhulelwa okuningi kube lula ukukhula.
- Umjaho : Amakhosikazi ase-Afrika akhiqiza inani eliphakeme lamawele kunabesifazane base-Asia.
- Ukudla : Amazinga aphezulu amawele atholakala emazweni lapho ukudla kucebile uhlobo lwe-yams equkethe i-phytoestrogen. Esinye isibonelo yisizwe samaJoruba eNigeria, esinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lamawele kunoma yiliphi inani emhlabeni.
Izimbangela Zamawele E-Monozygotic (Okufanayo)
Izimbangela ze-twinning ezifanayo zikhulu kakhulu. Ayikho incazelo ecacile eyenziwa yisayensi. Idatha mayelana namawele e-monozygotic emiphakathini ibonisa ukuthi izinga ngokuvamile lihlala lizinzile kuzo zonke izikhathi nezikhathi. Ayikho indaba eqondile eqinisekisiwe ngokuthi kungani iqanda elikhukhulayo lihlukana futhi liba imibungu emibili.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukisa, ososayensi basondela ukuthola izimpendulo. Ucwaningo olulodwa luka-2007 lwalusebenzisa isofthiwe yekhompyutha ekhethekile ukubamba izithombe zama-embryo athuthukile futhi zathola ukuthi imbryo ihlukana, ihlukanisa amangqamuzana angama-progenitor ngesigamu futhi ihlukanise ibe yizigcawu ezimbili zezakhi zofuzo ezakha ama-fetus amabili ahlukene.
Ngesikhathi ukutholakala kubalulekile, kwakungakaze kubonwe isizathu sokuhlukanisa noma ukuchaza kahle ukuthi kungani amawele afanayo ayenzeka. Akukho ukuxhumanisa kwezakhi zofuzo okukhonjisiwe. Ezinye izinkomba zihlongozwa kodwa aziqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-enzyme insimu
- Ukuguqulwa kwamaseli we-blastocyst
- Ubudala beqanda emva kokuvuthwa
Amawele angamazwi ngokuvamile abhekwa njengokungahleliwe futhi angaqondakali. Imfihlakalo iyingxenye yemilingo yabo neyami.
Ukwelashwa kokuzala kanye namawele
Ukusetshenziselwa ukwandiswa kwemithi yokwelapha kuye kwabangela ukwanda kwamawele amabili. Izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukwelashwa nokufaka umjovo zifaka isandla ekwenzeni i-hyperovulation futhi zingabangela amawele angama-dizygotic. Ukusabalalisa okufakelwayo (ukwelashwa kwe-IUI) akukwenyusisi izinga lamawele kodwa kuvame ukuhambisana nesimiso sezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa izakhi ezenzayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-IVF (in vitro fertilization) kungabangela namawele angokwenyama. Lokhu ukwelashwa kuhilela ukudlulisa ama-embryo (ama), noma amaqanda okukhulelwa, esibelethweni sikamama. Ngokuvamile imibungu emibili noma ngaphezulu idluliselwa ekwandiseni amathuba okuba nomphumela ophumelelayo, ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukuphindaphindiwe.
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kokuzala akubhekwa njengesizathu sezinwele ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso sejubane le-monozygotic liphakeme kakhulu phakathi kokukhulelwa okukhiqizwa ukusizwa kokubeletha, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ze- IVF lapho umbungu uhlolelwa khona ngaphandle kwesibeletho futhi udluliselwe kumama. Kodwa-ke, njengemibono yemvelo yamawele e-monozygotic, izizathu aziqondi kahle.