Iyiphi into yokuqala efika engqondweni yakho uma othile ebuza, "Uthi kanjani ingane yakho yenza ngokuncelisa?" Uma ufana nabesifazane abaningi, impendulo yakho igxile ekwenzeni ubisi obuningi nokuthi kaningi kangakanani ingane empeleni. Akekho ozokukhuluma ngomlomo womntwana, ikhanda, nentamo yomzimba, kodwa lapho kuqala khona inqubo yokudla.
Umsebenzi walesi sifunda somzimba wengane ungenza noma uphule lonke ulwazi lokudla. Abadlali abakhulu yilo:
- I-nasal cavity : Lena yindlela eyinhloko yomoya, eyasiza ekuhlanjululeni nasekuhlanjululeni ngaphambi kokungena emaphashini. Ngaphambili, le ndawo ijikelezwe yi-cartilaginous (isisindo esinzima, esiqinile) ingxenye yengxolo. Ngaphansi kwempumu, i-palate enzima inikeza umngcele oqinile phakathi kwezikhala zomlomo nezomlomo.
- Isigxobo somlomo : Lokhu kunendima ebalulekile ekusakeni kokudla. Iphezu kwamaphahla kanye nesisekelo somlomo, izindebe, kanye namahlathi.
- I-Pharynx : Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukugwinya nokuzigcina uvulekile, okubalulekile ekuphefumuleni.
- Larynx
- I-Trachea
- I-Esophagus
Ukungahleleki Kwemlomo Okungahle Kuhambisane Nokuncelisa Ukubeletha
- I-flaft palate noma lip : Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemiklamo - i-lip, i-palate, noma i-palate ne-lip. Inkinga yokudla ivela emntwaneni engakwazi ukwakha umlomo womlomo ovalwe ukhiqiza.
- I-frenulum emfushane : Ebizwa nangokuthi "ulimi-tie" noma "ulimi olufushane."
- Umhlathi noma ulimi oluthathwe kabi : Isibonakaliso sokutshela ukuthi lapho amahlathi emntanami echotshiwe noma enza umsindo wokuchofoza lapho uncelisa. Ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa lesi simo zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhanda nentamo yomntwana ihambisana ngokufanele; ukwenza ukuzivocavoca lapho ugwaza khona futhi usebenzise ukucindezela olimini kusukela ekugcineni kuya emuva; ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwesikhumba se-ingono, i-flexible silicone ingono egqoke ingono yomama okuyokondla.
- I-Micrognathia : Lena umhlathi omncane ophansi noma owenziwe "emuva." Ngaphandle komzimba, izikhumba zibukeka ziphelile. Emlonyeni, ulimi lubuye lubuyele emuva ngokuhlobene nesigxobo somlomo. Kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-wide-shaped cleft palate no-Pierre-Robin ukulandelana kwezinkinga. Ngomhlathi omncane noma oqedile, ulimi lungase lungakwazi ukuza ngokufanele ukuze lubekwe kahle ngaphansi kwengono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlathi ophansi angeke ube kahle ukucindezela i-areola ngokukhipha ubisi olukhiqizayo. Inqubo eyodwa engasiza ukuhambisa kancane kancane ngaphansi komhlathi.
Izinkinga zokuphumelela
- I-sleepy baby : Zimbalwa izizathu ezingenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungase kwenzeke yizindaba zezokwelapha ; umntwana angase abe ngaphezu kwalokho; noma ubisi lwakho "lungena." Nakuba kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kungani ingane yakho ilele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza ngezindlela zokuvuka .
- Ukuncelisa okuncane : Ngokuvamile, isifuba siphume njalo emlonyeni wengane, ikakhulu uma umama eshintsha kancane kancane. Futhi, ubisi luphuma emlonyeni wengane ngenkathi ebeletha. Ubuthakathaka obubanzi bungaba nomthelela, noma ingane ingase ibe nezinkinga zokuphefumula noma zokukhuthazela. Bobabili basiza umntwana ukuba ancelise kakhulu futhi akhulise ukugeleza ubisi izihluthulelo zokushintsha usana obuthakathaka. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi i- latch-on and positioning yilezi zilungile, udama kanye nokwesekwa komhlathi kuyadingeka.
- Ukuqala okuncane kokusana : Kungaba nezizathu eziningi ezicacile zalokhu ezinganeni ezingenakulinganiswa, ezincane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ze-jaundiced, noma ezingasebenzi kahle. Ngokuvamile, umntwana uzobonisa ukuqubuka komdlandla ngokweqile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi inkinga, kubalulekile ukuthi izinkinga ezingaphansi zithole ukwelashwa. Ukuphatha ukuqhuma ngokweqile kutholakala ngokunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile komzimba nokulawula ikhanda ngokubeka kahle. Kubalulekile ukusiza ingane ngokuvalwa komlomo ngokusekelwa okuqinile komhlathi.
- Ukubhanqa, ukuphoqa noma ukuphendula ngokucacile : Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane isekelwe kakhulu njengoba lokhu kuvame ukuvela kumathoni we-muscle engasebenzi. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zihlanganisa "umdlalo womlomo," noma unikeza ingane okuningi okuhlangenwe nakho komlomo (ukupha, ukuthinta) ukwandisa ukwaziswa ngalokho umlomo ongakwenza. Ukukhuthazwa ebusweni kuyosiza futhi ukufezekisa lo mgomo.
- Ukuphakama kwesiqu kakhulu solimi : Isihloko solimi sikhuliswa ngokumelene nenhlanzi elukhuni, nje ngemuva komlomo lapho izisekelo zamazinyo kufanele zibe khona. Kulokhu, ukubeka isifuba emlonyeni kuyinkinga.
- Ulimi olunamathekisthi noma ukugxila : Ukwelashwa okulodwa kufaka phakathi ukufaka imfashini, ukucindezela okuphansi kolimi ukuze uliqhube phansi futhi uphume. Enye inqubo ukuhamba iminwe yakho emuva olimini ukuze ufeze umgomo ofanayo.
- Ukuntuleka kokulimaza komlimi : Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha "ukufaka okukufanele," noma ukufundisa izilaleli ezizwakalayo ngolimi ukuze ziphendule ekukhuthazeni. Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka ingcindezi engezansi emkhatsini welimi kanye nokushaya kancane. Imbimbo eqinile, eqondile ingasiza futhi, ngakho-ke isihlangu sezingono singanconywa.
- Ukwedlula ngokweqile umlenze : Amantombazane azobonisa ukuphuza okungahleliwe esifubeni ngokulahlekelwa kokunciphisa kanye nesidingo esiphindweyo sokuthi "abuyele." Ukuze usize lesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuma kulungile nokuthi umama unikeza umhlathi womntwana kanye nesondlo sokusekela.
- Ukuvulwa komlomo okunganele : Kukhona izizathu eziningi zalokhu, kodwa ngokujwayelekile kuhlobene nesimo somntwana sokuqapha noma umhlathi omuncu. Ezinye izindlela zokusiza isimo kungaba: ukulungisa isimo somntwana; ukuqala i-reflex ye-rooting; ukusiza ukuvula umlomo; ukuvimbela ukuhluma komhlathi.
- Ama-gags : Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha iwukungafuni.
- Izwi eliphansi noma eliphakeme eliyisisindo : Izingane zichazwa ngokuthi "zinzima ukubamba" noma "ziqhaqhaqha umama."
Izingane Zengaphambi Kokuqala Nezinkinga Zokusakaza Ezihlangene
Uma ingane yakho ingakapheli, ungabona ukuthi inenhlanganisela yezinkinga ezisondayo. Okuvamile kakhulu:
- Amaphethini angalungile noma angalungile
- Isilondolozi somlomo esincane
- Ulimi olungenakukhubazeka ukufaka noma ukuhamba
- Ukuzinza okunamandla kwesihlathi esingaphakathi
- Inkinga yokuvumelanisa ingane bese igwinya ngokuphefumula
- Ikhono elibi lokuvusa futhi ukuhlala uqaphile esifubeni
- Ukulawula okuphansi kokumiswa
- Ukuthukuthela
Esinye esibonakalayo ukuhlukunyezwa ezinganeni zakudala kungumntwana we-Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi ekondleni kanye. Izingane ezine-RDS zinenkinga yokuvumelanisa ukusondeza, ukugwinya nokuphefumula. Abakwazi ukulwa nokudla okude nokukhathala kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, umntwana akanalo ukudla okuwanele kokudla.
Imithombo:
I-Arvedson JC noBrdsky L. Izingane zokugwinya nokudla: Ukuhlola nokuphathwa. I-San Diego: Ayinyanye. 2002.
I-Cherney LR. Ukuphathwa kwemithi ye-dysphagia kubantu abadala nezingane. Uhlelo lwesibili. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen. 1994.
I-Wolf L ne-Glass R. Ukudla nokugwinya izingqinamba ebusheni: Ukuhlola nokuphathwa. I-Tucson, AZ: Abakhi bekhono lokwelapha. 1992.