Izithasiselo zifunda ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunezinye izingane eziningi
Ukufunda ukuhamba kuyigugu elibalulekile kunoma yimuphi umntwana. Kubazali bezandulela okungenzeka ukuthi babe ne-NICU ende isikhathi eside nezinkinga zezempilo eziningi, ukufunda ukuhamba kuyisinyathelo esilindele ngokulangazelayo. Kwabazali abaningi, lesi senzakalo esibalulekile sokukhula sibonisa ukuphela kwezinsuku zokuzalwa kanye nokuqala kweminyaka encane.
Ngabe Izitha Zezipi Zifunda Ukuhamba?
Phakathi kokubili izitha kanye nezingane ezigcwele isikhathi eside kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zeminyaka lapho izingane zifinyelela khona izinyathelo ezinjengokufunda ukuhamba.
Amashadi ezenzakaliso zentuthuko yiziqondiso ezijwayelekile zokusiza abazali ukuba balinganise cishe lapho izingane zabo zizofunda amakhono amasha. I-preemie enempilo ehlala ne-NICU engabonakali futhi akukho zinkinga ezinkulu zempilo zesikhathi eside zokuqeda ukukhula okuzofunda ukuhamba ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukiswa yobudala bakhe obulungisiwe :
- Ngezinyanga ezingu- 6 kuya kwezingu-9: Ngenkathi i-preemie isifikile ezinyangeni ezingu-9 iqondise iminyaka, kufanele ikwazi ukuma lapho isekelwa ngumzali noma lapho ibambelele efenitheni.
- Ngezinyanga ezi- 10 kuya kwezingu-12: Ngesikhathi i-preemie iqondiswa izinyanga ezingu-12 (unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe kwasekuqaleni), kufanele akwazi ukukhipha ifenisha noma isitimela sokubeka isikhala, esimweni sokuma. Kumele futhi akwazi ukuhamba uma esekelwa umzali noma lapho ebambelele kokuthile.
- Ngezinyanga ezingu-13 kuya kwezingu-18: Izidakamizwa kufanele zikwazi ukuhamba zodwa, zingekho ukusekelwa kanye nezithende zazo zihlala phansi, ngenkathi zifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-18 zilungise iminyaka.
Uma uqhathanisa nezingane ezingakafiki kushadi lesikhungo sokuthuthukiswa, khumbula ukusebenzisa iminyaka yabo eqondisiwe. Ukulinganisa iminyaka yobudala ingane ingabe ikhona uma izalwa ngesikhathi. Ingane eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, kodwa yazalwa ezinyangeni ezimbili ekuqaleni, yayizoba izinyanga ezingu-7 ezilungiswe iminyaka.
Kungani Abanye Izitha Zifunda Ukuhamba Kamuva?
Ngisho nangemva kokulungiswa kweminyaka yobudala, abantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi bayaziwa ukuthi bafinyelele emigqumeni enkulu, ngokwesilinganiso, ngemuva kwezinsana zesikhathi esigcwele.
Uma ingane yakho ingakafiki isikhathi eside noma ingcindezi enkulu yezokwelapha ekuzalweni, ukulibaziseka okukhulu. Lezilibaziseko zingase zibandakanye ukufunda ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunezinsana zesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso seminyaka yokufunda ukuhamba cishe izinyanga ezingu-14.5 ezinganeni ezelwe ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-32, nezinyanga ezingu-13.5 zokubeletha izingane.
Uma ngabe i-preemie yakho inezinkinga ezilandelayo, noma ingafunda ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunalindelekile:
- Wazalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-27 ukubeletha
- Isisindo sokuzalwa esingaphansi kuka-750 amagremu (1 lb 11 oz)
- I-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) noma isifo samaphaphu esingapheli
- I-tone ye-muscle engenamandla (i-hypotonia)
- I-cerebral palsy
- Izibhedlela ezihlala njalo
- Ukwesekwa okwelashwa okuphawulekayo ekhaya ( ukwesekwa kokuphefumula , amashubhu okudla , njll)
Lapho Kufanele Ukhathazeke
Uma ingane yakho ingafundile ukuhamba ngesikhathi abangane bayo, zama ukubekezela. Iningi lezandulela lizofunda ukuhamba lapho likulungele, ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esilindelekile. Gcina udokotela wezingane zakho wazi ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile zengane yakho ukuze udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuba uqiniseke ukuthi i-preemie yakho ikhula ngendlela evamile.
I-preemie yakho ingadinga usizo olwengeziwe lokufunda ukuhamba uma:
- Ayikwazi ukuthwala isisindo sakhe ngezinyawo ezinyangeni ezingu-9 eqondise iminyaka.
- Uhamba ezinzwaneni zakhe ezinyangeni ezingu-9 ulungiswe futhi ubonakala engenakho ukuletha izithende zakhe phansi.
- Awukwazi ukuhamba noma ukugwaza nxazonke egumbini ngezinyanga ezingu-12 ezilungiselelwe iminyaka.
- Awukwazi ukuhamba ngezinyanga ezingu-18 ulungisa iminyaka noma uhamba ngezinzwane zakhe.
Abazali Bangasiza Kanjani Izitha Zifunda Ukuhamba?
Indlela enkulu abazali abangasiza ngayo izitha zabo zokufunda ukufunda ukuhamba ngokukhuthaza ukudlala nokuzimela. Izingane zifunda ngokusebenzisa ukudlala, ngakho yenza ukufunda ukuhamba kumnandi. Gwema abahamba ngezinsana, ikakhulukazi ngezitha. Abahambahamba bayakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemisipha ehambayo nokuhamba ngezinyawo, okungenza ukufunda kuhambe kahle.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuba abazali bahlakulele ubuhlobo obuseduze nengane yezingane zabo. Izinsana zangaphambi kokudinga zidinga ukubonwa okufutshane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukunquma ukuthi noma yikuphi ukulibaziseka okungenzeka ukuthi kunayo yonke imiphumela evamile yokuqeda isimo sokuqala noma isizathu sokukhathazeka.
Ukusebenza nodokotela wengane yakho kungakusiza ukuba unqume njengeqembu uma ingane yakho idinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile njengokwelapha emsebenzini noma ngokomzimba.
Uma ingane yakho ifanelekela izinhlelo zokungenela ekuqaleni , qiniseka ukuthi uyayisebenzisa. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nokusebenza kwabantwana abayidingayo, okungasiza izitha zokufunda zifunde ukuhamba ngesikhathi.
Imithombo:
I-Emory University School of Medicine. "Amandla Okuthuthuka" http://www.pediatrics.emory.edu/divisions/neonatology/dpc/mileston.html
Bucher, H., Killer, C., Ochsner, S., Fauchere, J. "Ukukhula, Izinyathelo Zentuthuko kanye Nezinkinga Zempilo Eminyakeni Eyisithupha Yokuqala Ezinganeni Eziqala Ngaphambi Kokuqhathaniswa Nezinsana Zomntwana: Isifundo Esisekelwe Kubafundi." Journal European of Pediatrics 2002: 161, 151-156
MA Marin Gabriel, et al. "Isikhathi Sokuhlala Esingaxhaswa Nokuzimela Ngokweqile Ngesisindo Esiphansi Sokuzalwa Kwesisindo Preterm Izinsana Ngezokuthuthukiswa Kwezimoto Ezivamile eminyakeni emibili." I-Acta Paediatrica 2009: 98, 1815-1821.