Ebizwa ngegama lesiLatini elithi "egumbini," i- in-vitro fertilization ibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi umbungu ukhulelwe ngaphandle komzimba, obizwa ngokuthi "in viro" ngesiLatini. Kunabantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6.5 abazelwe ngalebu buchwepheshe, ngokwanele ukuthi i-IVF ivamile futhi iyaqhubeka naphezu kokuphikisana-futhi kwezinye izimo ezingekho emthethweni.
Nokho, uhlobo olusha lwe-IVF lwakhiwe olunikeza ososayensi ikhono lokwakha umbungu owodwa kusuka emithonjeni ehlukene ye-DNA. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukudluliselwa kwe-nyukliya futhi njenge-IVF yendabuko, futhi kuyindlela yokuphikisana.
Indlela Ukuthunyelwa Kwethikliya Okusebenza Ngayo
Ngokuvamile, i-IVF isebenzise isayensi eqondile: iqanda elilodwa kanye nesampuli esisodwa. Amaqanda abanikazi, i-donor sperm, noma ngisho ne-surrogate kuye kwasho ukuthi nakuba ubuhlobo obuqondile bomndeni nomndeni wokugcina bungaba nzima, inqubo yangempela ye-IVF ayikho: ososayensi bathatha iqanda elilodwa bese balitshala ngokufaka umuthi owodwa.
Nokho, ukudluliswa kwe-nyukliya kunika ososayensi ikhono lokwenza umbungu owodwa kusuka emithonjeni ehlukene ye-DNA. Le nqubo yasungulwa ukusiza abazali abanokukhubazeka kwe-mitochondrial, noma ukukhubazeka ku-DNA yabo, ukukhulelwa ingane enempilo ehlangene nayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-IVF luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-IVF-parent parent".
Ngokuyinhloko, ososayensi "bashintsha" i-strand engafanele noma izinhlamvu ze-DNA ze-DNA enempilo. I-DNA engumama engalungile izoshintshwa nge-DNA eneminikelo enempilo, okwenza iqanda libe yingxube yalezi zibili, bese kuthi isidoda sisetshenziselwe ukutshala iqanda.
Izinzuzo zabazali abathathu-IVF
Nakuba izinombolo eziqondile zingaziwa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izingane ezingaba ngu-1 000 ku-400,000 zinezinkinga zokungasebenzi, ngakho-ke kuyinto engavamile, kodwa kulabo abenza lokhu kungaba yindlela yokushintsha impilo.
Kubazali bakhetha le nqubo, i-IVF yomzali abathathu ibapha ithuba lokuxhunywa ngokwemvelo kwengane yabo kanti futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisa isifo sofuzo.
Izingozi Ze-IVF-Umzali IVF
I-IVF-parent-parent iphikisana ngoba uma imbungu ekhishwa yintombazane, ukuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungadluliselwa kubantwana bayo esizayo, uma enayo. Uma umbungu ungumfana, ukuguqulwa kofuzo ngeke kudluliselwe.
Ucwaningo lokuqala olwenziwe nge-IVF yomzali oluthathu lubonise ukuthi lungakhuphula amathuba okukhula kwengane yesikhathi eside yomdlavuza nokufa.
Kubuye kube nokukhathazeka okuthile mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-IVF-parent-parents, kulabo abomthetho kanye nodokotela abaye bazibuza ukuthi kuzokwenza abazali bavivinye ukuba "bahlele" izinsana ezithandana kakhulu nezinhloso zabo. Omunye udokotela waqhathanisa inqubo ekwakheni abantu abanezakhi zofuzo.
Iningi lempikiswano libhekisela esinqumweni sakho somuntu siqu. Uma i-IVF yabazali abathathu iba yanda, kuyoba kuwe nomlingani wakho ukuthi ufunde, uxoxe ngezinketho zakho, futhi ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi.
Izingane Zokuqala Zomntwana Oyisithathu Zomhlaba
Ukusebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwe-nyukliya, umntanakho wokuqala wezingane ezintathu emhlabeni ubelethwe umama nobaba e-Ukraine.
I-CNN ibike ukuthi e-Ukraine, nakuba odokotela bebona izingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nokucabangela kokuziphatha kwengane yentombazane ezalwe nge-DNA eguquliwe, ayikho imithethonqubo ethize evinjelwe inqubo. Kulokhu, umbungu wesilisa owakhulayo wawungeke unempilo ngokwanele, ngakho kwenziwa isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokudluliswa kwe-IVF nge-embryo yesifazane.
Isizathu sokuthi intombazane isithole ukunakekelwa okukhulu ngoba ngoba, kuleso simo, umama wengane wayengenayo i-mitochondrial ebonakalayo yokukhubazeka okungaqinisekisa ukuthi le nqubo iyadingeka. Esikhundleni salokho, amaqanda omama ayengasetshenziswanga eyedwa, ngakho wacela ukuba i-DNA yakhe ifakwe eqenjini lomnikeli ukuze ikwazi ukuhambisana ne-biological.
Abanye abantwaba abathathu ababelethi bazalwa besebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-DNA-techniques, nakuba i-US ineziqondiso ezinzima kakhulu mayelana nokusebenzisa inqubo kuze odokotela bakwazi ukuvumelana ngokuziphatha kwawo.
Nokho, isibonelo salomndeni sivulela phansi umbuzo omusha phambi kobuchwepheshe be-IVF: Uma abazali bevunyelwa ukuxuba i-DNA yabo eqanda lama-donor, ngisho noma kungekho isizathu sezokwelapha kuLo mbuzo othakazelisayo futhi owodwa isayensi izozama ukuphendula ngokushesha.
> Imithombo:
Amato, P., Tachibana, M., Sparman, M., & Mitalipov, S. (2014). I-IVF ye-Three-Parent: I-gene esikhundleni sokuvimbela izifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Mitochondrial Diseases. Ukuzala nokuthobeka , 101 (1), 31-35.