Ngineminyaka engu-5 ubudala, indodana yami isanda ukufunda indlela yokubhala igama lakhe eliphelele. Ugibela indlu, ngokuziqhenya ngegama lakhe, ezimbalwa zezinhlamvu emuva, kuwo wonke umuntu ozomlalela.
Mina nomyeni wami, sithatha isikhathi sokudumisa imizamo yakhe yokufunda ukubhala igama lakhe, kanti nakuba ikhono lokufunda ukubhala igama lakhe lihle ngokuhambisana nomntwana oneminyaka yakhe, isifundo se-2017 sitholile ukuthi, empeleni, cishe waqala ukufunda ukuthi angabhala kanjani eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Uma ucabanga ngalokhu, iqiniso lokuthi abantwana bafunda ulimi, bafunde ukukhuluma nokubhala isikhathi esifushane, kungavamile. Njengabazali nabanakekeli nabafundisi, sonke sifuna ukukhuthaza izingane zethu ukuba zifunde amakhono abazozidinga impilo yabo yonke, kepha abaningi bethu abacabangi kakhulu mayelana nokuthi lawo makghono athuthuka kanjani-noma yikuphi ubudala esingakhuthaza khona izingane ziqale ukufunda ukubhala.
Ngabe Izingane Zifunda Ukubhala?
Singase sicabange ukuthi izingane azifundile ngempela ukubhala kuze kube yilapho zisondela eminyakeni yobudala, njengendodana yami, kodwa isifundo esenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseWashington eSt. Louis sithole ukutholakala okuthakazelisayo okufakazela ngenye indlela. Ucwaningo olwakhicilelwe encwadini ethi Child Development, lwabonisa ukuthi abantwana baqala ukufunda amakhono okubhala ngesikhathi beneminyaka emithathu.
Ngaphambilini, ochwepheshe bezokuthuthukiswa kwengane babecabanga ukuthi izingane zifunde ukubhala kuphela uma zifunda ukuthi yimaphi imisindo evezwe incwadi ngayinye.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma ingane ifunde ukuthi yikuphi "A" ezwakalayo, uyakwazi ukuxhuma ukuthi umsindo kumbhalo futhi uvela lapho, qala ukubhala izincwadi ezimelela imisindo abazizwayo.
Esikhundleni salokho, lolu cwaningo lwathola ukuthi izingane zifunda ngokuyisisekelo ukubhala ngaphambi kokuba zifunde ukuthi yiziphi izincwadi ezimelela imisindo ethile.
U-Rebecca Treiman ongumlobi wocwaningo, uprofesa wesayensi yezobuchopho nezengqondo, wachaza ukuthi lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izingane empeleni zibonisa ulwazi mayelana namafomula olimi olulotshiwe, njengokuthi yiziphi izincwadi ezivame ukuhlanganiswa ngaphambi kokuba zifunde ukuthi lezo zincwadi zimelela yini ngempela. Ubuchopho babo abasha baqaphela amaphethini ngamazwi angabona encwadini, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bazi ukuthi lawo maphethini asho ukuthini noma ukuthi kusho ukuthini amagama.
Indlela Ukubhala Amakhono Ukwakha
Lolu cwaningo, ngokungafani nezinye izifundo ezihlolisise ukuthi amakhono okubhala abantwana abathuthuka kanjani njengoba ekhula, ubuka ukuthi izingane zakudala zifunda kanjani ukubhala. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi izingane ziqala ukubhala "amagama" empeleni alandela imithetho yelimi elibhalwe phansi, eneminyaka engama-3. Isibonelo, bangabhala igama elingenangqondo, kodwa empeleni lingalandela umthetho obalulekile wokubukeka igama ngokuphindaphinda izincwadi ezimele amakholomu noma izinhlobo zamagama.
Ucwaningo lukaTriman lubuke ukupela amagama "kwamazwi" avela kuma-179 abantwana ase-US phakathi kweminyaka engama-3 iminyaka emi-2 nezinyanga ezingu-5 ezinyangeni ezingu-6 ezazingama-spellers; lokhu kumane kusho ukuthi baphala amagama ngamagama angenakho ukuxhumana nemisindo yamagama emazwini langempela.
Lokho abathola ukuthi uma ebuzwa ukupela igama elifanayo, "ikati," isibonelo, ingane ekhulile ingase ingakwazi ukubhala noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezizwakala njengezinhlamvu egameni, kodwa uyaqaphela ukuthi "ikati" igama elifishane kunokuthi "indlovu" futhi ubhala phansi amagama abo ngokufanele. Leli khono lithuthukisa njengoba ingane ikhula, ngakho-ke abaneminyaka engu-5 banamakhono amaningi kangcono okubhala amagama abonakala njengamagama kunabantwana besenkulisa.
Abacwaningi basekelwe kulokho okubukeka sengathi "igama" kumazinga ambalwa, afaka: ubude begama, besebenzisa izinhlamvu ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwamagama, nokuthi bahlanganisa kanjani izinhlamvu ngaphakathi kwamagama.
Okushiwo yiSifundo
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, lolu cwaningo lubheka ukubaluleka kokuthi izingane zifunda kanjani ukuthatha imithetho eyisisekelo yokufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi esincane kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ukukwazi lokhu kuvumela abazali, abanakekeli nabafundisi ukuba bafunde kangcono abantwana abancane abantwana izisekelo zelwimi, banikeze isiqalo esingcono ekufundeni isikhathi eside.
Umlobi-mbhalo wocwaningo uphinde wabonisa ukuthi ukutholakala kungase kusize othisha ukuba bathuthukise uhlelo lokukhomba noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okufundayo okungase kwenzeke ekuqaleni. Izingane ezingaba nezinselele zokufunda zizuza ngokungenelela kokuqala, ngakho ukuhlonza lezo zinselele ngokushesha kungase kube usizo kakhulu.
Ongakwenza Ukhuthaza Ukubhala Entsheni Yakho
Nakuba kungadingeki ukhathazeke ngokusingatha isigaba sokubhala ngesandla nomncane wakho, ungaqala ukufaka amakhono okubhala kumntanakho uma uthanda. Ungase ube nesifiso sokubona ukuthi ingane yakho isondela kanjani ukufunda nokubhala, uma iyakwazi ukukhombisa uthando lomlimi, noma uma ulindele noma yiziphi izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi izingane zishintsha kancane kancane kusukela eminyakeni encane kuya esikoleni-yobudala futhi.
Ukuze uqale ukufaka ukubhala kubantwana bakho, zama amathiphu alandelayo:
- Cabanga ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zomntanakho. Uma ingane yakho ilandela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezijwayelekile, ungabheka umugqa wesikhathi sakhe sokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ukuze ubone ukuthi yini okufanele akwazi ukuyifeza ngeminyaka. Uma ingane yakho encane isencane kakhulu ukubamba ikrayoni, isibonelo, kungase kungabi yisikhathi sokuqala amagama okufaka nje okwamanje.
- Nikeza amakrayrayoni amancane, amaka, noma izikhombe zezingane zakho ukuze uziqonde. Umntwana oneminyaka emithathu onokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kufanele akwazi ukumbamba nokugqakaza ngekrayoni, uphawu, noma ipensela, kepha ingane encane ingazuza emakhakheni amakhulu anesisekelo esiqinile. Umklamo omkhulu ukwenza kube lula ukuba ingane encane ibambe futhi iqale ukudweba ephepheni.
- Khotha ingane yakho emidlalweni yamagama. Kunezindlela eziningi ongazethula umqondo wamazwi kumntanakho wakho-ungadonsa igama ngesithombe esifanayo, ungase ube nomkhuba wakho omncane wokubhala amagama emva kokuba ubhale, noma ungadlala umdlalo ozithandayo womndeni we "Snowman. " Dweba imigqa yencwadi ngayinye ngegama, unakho izinhlamvu zokuqagela ezincane zegama, futhi incwadi ngayinye engabanjwanga ithola ingxenye eyodwa ye-snowman. (Kufana ne- "Hangman," kodwa kufanele kuphela ingane!)
- Banike inkululeko. Yize kungase kubonakale kuyilingo ukuzama ukuhola ingane yakho ukuba ibe i-wordmith ngeminyaka emibili, enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongayenza kumntanakho ukumane uphinde uhambe futhi umvumele ahlole ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukubhala konke eyedwa. Angakulingisa noma azame ukubhala amagama avela ezincwadini zakhe, kodwa uqiniseke ukuthi ukudlala kuwumsebenzi wobuntwana kanti ingane yakho ihlala ifunda kahle ngokudlala mahhala.
Izwi elivela ku-Verywell
Ukufundisa ingane yakho ukuba ibhale kuqala kusukela esemncane. Ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenzisana kwesandla somntwana ngokuletha amakhrayoni noma amanye amathuluzi okubhala esemncane, ehlezi phansi nengane yakho ukupela amagama bese ukhuluma nabo ndawonye, futhi unikeze ikamelo lakho labantwana ukuba lihlolisise ukubhala. Ngisho noma "amagama" izingane zakho zibhalela zibukeka sengathi zifana nalokho, zibalulekile izinyathelo zokuqala zokufunda indlela yokuxhumana ngolimi olulotshiwe, ngakho mkhuthaze ukuba abhale njalo.
Futhi njalo, into enhle kakhulu ongayenza kumntanakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kufanele ufunde ndawonye . Ungaphendukela ekufundeni ingane yakho noma ucele ingane yakho "ifunde" kuwe, kodwa noma iyiphi indlela, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukufunda ndawonye kusiza zonke izici zokuxhumana, ukuthuthukiswa kolwimi, namakhono esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda njalo kuyinto ejabulisayo yokwenza ndawonye. Awukwazi ukungahambi kahle ngokufunda futhi kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi izifundo zisitshengisa kanjani ukuthi kukhona ukuthuthukiswa okuningi okwenzekayo ngisho naseneminyaka emincane kakhulu futhi siyaqaphela. Ukwethulwa kwamakhono olimi, ngendlela yokufunda noma yokubhala kungasiza ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinselelo zokufunda ezikhona ekuqaleni.
Imithombo
U-Treiman R, uKessler B, uBoland K, et al. Ukufunda Isitatimende Nokupelomagama: Abapelisi Abadala Abadala Ababelethi Bakhiqiza Izipelingi EzinjengeZwi Ezingaphezu Kwabancane Abapelisi Abaphambili. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezingane , 2017; I-DOI: 10.1111 / cdev.12893