Ukukhuluphala kwengane sekube ukukhathazeka okukhulayo e-US. Lapho iziqondiso zikahulumeni ze-National School Lunch Program zigcinwe ngokucophelela, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kwakunezinkombandlela zomsebenzi.
Lezi ziqondiso ezintsha zichazwe ngokugunyazwa kabusha kuka-2010 uMthetho wokuNakekela izingane. Kubandakanya izidingo eziningana ezikoleni ezithola izimali ze-federal ezikoleni zazo zokudla kwasemini.
Isigaba sika-2010 soMthetho weZondlo zezingane siyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Healthy, Free-Hunger Act of 2010 (HHFKA.) Izinguquko azange zenzeke ngonyaka ka-2010, kodwa zakhishwa eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ukunikeza izikole nemiphakathi isikhathi baqonde iziqondiso futhi bavumelane lapho kudingeka.
Isikhathi esivunyelwe ukujwayela, ukuhumusha kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa okuncane okwenziwayo enjongweni yikho isizathu sokuthi i-HHFKA iyaqhubeka ivela ezindabeni.
Ziyini Izinkombandlela Zokudla Kwezikoleni?
Imikhombandlela ka-2010 ihloselwe ukuhlinzeka izinga eliphansi lokudla okunomsoco, okunempilo okuzohlinzeka ngekhalori ngokwanele ngaphandle kokufaka isandla ekukhulupheni. Izinguquko ezisuka emazingeni asemini esikhathi esidlule zihlanganisa izidingo zeminikelo yesikole ezifana nalezi:
- Imikhiqizo yezinkwa ezenziwe okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-50 amaphesenti aphelele
- Izithelo ezinkulu nemifino. Izithelo nemifino kufanele zenziwe nsuku zonke. Imifino eluhlaza, emifino kufanele ifakwe kanye ngesonto.
- Ubisi olumhlophe nolunambithekile kumele lube yi-nonfat noma i-fat percent.
- Ukudla kumele kuhlangane nezimfuneko zekhalori ezincane nezisiphezulu zeqembu lesikhathi esinikezwa kuzo, ngokwezindinganiso ze-USDA.
- Ukudla akukwazi ukuqukatha noma yimaphi ama-trans-fats engenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ekudleni.
- Izifunda zesikole kumele zenze inqubomgomo yezempilo kahle
Lezi ziqondiso zicacile futhi ziningi kuneziqondiso zokudla kwasemini ezikhathini ezedlule. Kuthatha izikole ezineminyaka engaba ngu-5 ukwenza izinguquko, nokho iziqondiso zihlala ziyingqinamba. Imikhombandlela yayiyizinga elikhulunywa ngabantu abakwaRiphablikhi ngesikhathi sokuqala kuka-2016, kanye nabathengi abathembisa ukubuyela emuva emihlahlandlela yokuvumela ukudla okunomsoco nokudla okunomsoco ezikoleni zesikole.
Ucwaningo lwesi-2016 esifundeni sesifundazwe sase-Washington esashicilelwa ku-JAMA Pediatrics sikhombisa ukuthi iziqondiso ezintsha zithola ngempela izingane zesikole ukuba zidle impilo enempilo . Ucwaningo luqhathanisa abafundi bokudla kwasemini kokuthenga ngaphambi nangemva kokuba imihlahlandlela isetshenziswe. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi inani elifanayo labafundi laqhubeka lithenga ukudla kwezinsuku zesikole, ngisho nangemva kokudla kwesidlo esisha kwakunezithelo, imifino kanye nezinhlamvu eziningi.
Ucwaningo luhlanganisa isifunda esisodwa esikoleni endaweni edolobheni. Nakuba isekela iziqondiso zeHHFKA kule ndawo, ayinikezeli ubufakazi bokusebenza kwezinye izindawo zaleso sizwe.
Izikole kumele zilandele izindinganiso zeHHFKA ukuthola ama-federal federal izinhlelo zabo zokudla kwasemini. Ngenkathi ezinye izifunda zesikole zithola isabelo esisodwa noma amabili sesabelomali sazo kwasemini ku-USDA ngaphambi kokuthengisa, izifunda eziningi zithola imali engaphezu kwamaRandi amaningi ohlelweni lwamahhala nolulinciphile.
Uhlelo lokukhululeka nokunciphisa ukudla esikoleni lubuyisela ingxenye noma zonke izindleko zesidlo sasesikoleni ezinganeni ezivela emindenini engenayo engenayo. Le mali yokubuyiselwa imali ingenza amaphesenti amancane ohlelweni lokudla kwasemini esikoleni esithintekayo noma cishe zonke izimali zezikole ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zobuphofu. Ngamanye amazwi, izikole ezidingekayo ziphoqeleka ukuba zihambisane nale mihlahlandlela ukuze zibuyiselwe ngokunikeza abafundi babo ukudla.
Ezinye izifunda zesikole nabazali baye bahambisana nale mihlahlandlela. Nakuba iningi lezifunda zesikole lisebenza kanzima ukuhambisana namazinga amasha, ezinye izifunda zesikole kulo lonke izwe zenqaba ukwamukela amadili amasha kwasemini, kunokukhetha ukuphuma e-USDA School Lunch Program.
Abanye abazali besikole nezifunda zesikole bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zindinganiso ezintsha azilungile izingane zabo nezikole.
Ukugxekwa okuvamile okunikezwa yibo abaphikisanayo namazinga amasha okudla esikoleni:
Amazinga amasha aphezulu Ukuziqhenya Abanye bacabanga ukuthi izindinganiso ezithile ezishayo ziqinile kakhulu futhi zinemininingwane, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthi izikole zihambisane nazo. I-USDA ithi izindinganiso zenzelwe ukuthi zibe zincane nokuthi izifunda eziningi sezivele zineziqondiso ezifanayo.
Le ngxabano ngokumelene nezindinganiso zokudla kwasemini iveza ukuzwa ngokumelene namazinga ajwayelekile ajwayelekile wombuso. Kuzo zombili izimo, izindinganiso ezichazwe kakhulu ziyakwamukelwa ezweni lonke.
Njengoba isistimu yezemfundo yase-United States ivame ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo ezivela ezingeni lendawo, ezinye izifunda zizwa ukuthi amazinga amasha aphuma kuwo wonke ama-cutter awakhuphuki futhi ngeke abe nesithakazelo sezindawo zendawo.
Izingane Aziyikudla Leziqhwa
Abanye abazali kanye nabaphathi bezifunda zasemini esifundeni basuke benomuzwa wokuthi imingcele emisha kusawoti, ushukela, namafutha ahlangene nokwanda kwamahlamvu, izithelo nemifino kuzoholela ekudleni izingane ezingeke zidle .
Izikole ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesizwe ziqaphele ukwehla kokuthengisa ezinkantini zabo zokudla kwasekuseni nokudla okuningi okulahliwe. Abazali baye bakhononda ezikoleni zabo zendawo ukuthi abantwana babo beza ekhaya belambile ngemuva kokula ukudla ukudla kwesonto.
Izindawo zokudlela zasesikoleni ziye zasabela ngokusebenzisa amasu okwenza ukudla okunempilo kube okukhangayo nakakhulu. Ucwaningo oluvela ebhodini lokudla lase-Cornell University lugxile endleleni yokuveza ukukhetha okunempilo kokudla okudleni okuzokhuthaza izingane ukuba zidle ukudla okunempilo.
Kuyinto ebiza kakhulu ezikoleni
Izithelo kanye nemifino, izinhlanzi ezigcwele okusanhlamvu, i-buns kanye nelayisi elibomvu ngokuvamile libiza kakhulu ukuthenga uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okuthengwa ngaphambilini ukuze kwenziwe ukudla kwezikole. I-ushukela engeziwe kanye nosawoti kwandisa impilo yeshefu yokudla okuningi, ukunciphisa izindleko ezihambisana nesiqandisini nokwenza ukuthenga okuvamile. Ezinye izikole nazo ziyakhathaza imali elahlekile ekuthengiseni ushukela ophezulu noma izinto eziphezulu zokudla okune-fat and dessert.
Izinzuzo ezenziwe ngokudla okuncane okunempilo zingasetshenziswa ukuthenga ukudla okunempilo. Umphumela ohlanganisiwe wezimali ezilahlekile ekuthengiseni ukuthengiswa kanye nokunciphisa ukudayiswa kwezinsuku ezivamile kudala izinselele zezezimali kwezinye izindawo zokudlela zesikole.
Izikole ziye zazama ukubuyisela le mali ngokuthatha abanye abaqashi, ukulungisa izimali zabo, noma ukusebenzisa amasu okudla kwasekuseni okukhulunywe ngawo ekuqaleni ukukhuthaza izingane ukuba zithenge ukudla okunempilo.
Awekho Amakholori Awanele
Ama-maximum e-calorie ezikoleni zesikole ayesekelwe kulwazi lokucwaninga ngalokho izingane eziningi ezizodinga ukudla kwasemini. Ukukhuphuka kwemikhawulo yekhalori eneminyaka yobudala, kusukela ku-650 kCal kwabafundi be-elementary age kuze kube ngu-850 kCal ngesidlo sakusihlwa kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme. Abanye abantu besaba ukuthi abafundi abakhuthele noma abafundi abakhulu kakhulu iminyaka yabo ngeke bathole amakholori okwanele ukuze bazondle ngosuku lonke lwesikole.
Kuzikole ezinquma ukuthi iziqondiso ezintsha ngeke zisebenze, kunezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko:
Option # School: Opt Out of the USDA School Lunch Program
Uma isikole noma isifunda somphakathi sinquma ukuphuma ohlelweni lwe-USDA School Lunch, akusadingeki ukuba kuhambisane namazinga. Kodwa ukuphuma kungabakhokhela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezikoleni ezinezibalo eziphakeme zabafundi ezikoleni zamahhala nezancishisiwe. Izikole eziphuma ngaphandle azikwazi ukuthola ukubuyiswa kwezinhlelo zezinsuku zamahhala nezancishisiwe ezinikezwa izingane ezivela emindenini engenayo engenayo. Esikhundleni salokho, izikole kuzodingeka zimboze izindleko zempilo yamahhala noma yokunciphisa ngokwabo.
Asikho isikole esidingekayo ukuze unikeze ukudla okukhululekile noma okuncishisiwe kubantwana abahola kancane. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi ngicwaninga lesi sihloko ngangingakwazi ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nesikole esikhethele ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-USDA olunganikeza nokudla okukhululekile nokunciphisa abafundi abahola kancane. Inqubomgomo ephilisayo yezemfundo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banokufinyelela kokudla kwasemini nasekuseni kwasekuseni ukuze bakwazi ukufunda ngesikhathi esikoleni.
Ngokuphuma nokuqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngezinsuku zokudla mahhala nokunciphisa abafundi, izifunda kumele zithole izindlela zokwenza imali elahlekile evela ku-USDA yokubuyiselwa. Ngokuvamile, izinkokhelo zokudla kwasemini zikhuphuka ukuze zimboze umehluko. Ezindaweni eziphakeme zobuphofu, izikole zithola amaphesenti aphezulu okwezindleko zabo zokudla kwasemini evela ku-USDA ukubuyisela ukuthi bangakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukushiya izinhlelo.
Option # School: Funa Uhlelo Lokuxolisa noma Ukunciphisa
NgoMeyi ka-2017, izibuyekezo eziqondiswayo zenziwa ezingeni likahulumeni ezenza amazinga ngobisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele kanye nokuqukethwe kokudla kwe-sodium.
- Izizwe ezinenkinga yokuhlangana nazo zonke izidingo zokusanhlamvu zingafaka isicelo sokukhululwa
- Izikole zingase zihlinzekele amamitha angu-1% abanjwe ngobisi
- Izikole zinesikhathi esiningi sokuhambisana neziqondiso ze-sodium. Izinguquko zikaMeyi 2017 zizokwenza izikole okungenani iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba zihlangabezane nezidingo ezintsha.
Khumbula ukuthi izikole eziningi ziye zathola izindlela zokuhambisana nemikhombandlela yokudla kwasemini. Izikole ezilibazisekayo noma ezithola ukukhululwa zingakwazi ukuzithoba esikhathini esizayo.
Ngemva kokubheka ezinye zezigxeko eziye zaholela esikoleni esithile ukuba sishiye i-USDA School Lunch Program, kubalulekile ukubuka ngezindlela ezehlukene izikole ezisele ohlelweni ezitholile ukwenza uhlelo lusebenze. Inhloso yezinhlahlandlela ukuhlinzeka ngezinkukhu ezinempilo ezinganeni . Izikole eziningi zamukele izindlela zokukhuthaza izingane ukuba zizame ukudla okusha noma izindlela ezitholakalayo zokuthola izinto eziphakeme zokudla.
Abazali abathintekayo bangakwazi ukubhekana nezimo zokudla zokudla ezikoleni ezibucayi ezibhekene nazo: indlela yokunikeza ukudla kwasemini okunomsoco okungase kutholakale ukuthi izingane zizokudla ngempela. Lokhu kuqonda kungakusiza ukuba ukhuthaze ukudla okunempilo esikoleni somntanakho, noma uvele uqonde izinguquko ongase uzwe ngazo kusuka kwengane yakho.
> Johnson, > Ph.D. > Donna B. "Umthelela we-Healthy-Free Kids Act on Foods School." I-JAMA Pediatrics . American Medical Association, 04 Jan. 2016.
> "Ukudla kwesikole." Isevisi yokudla nokudla , i-USDA, www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/healthy-hunger-free-kids-act.
> Taylor, Jessica. "Izinqola Zokuphatha Ezokuthutha Emuva Emuva I-Michelle Obama's Healthy School Lunch Push." NPR , NPR, 1 Meyi 2017, www.npr.org/2017/05/01/526451207/trump-administration-rolls-back-2-of-michelle-obamas -imigomo-imizamo.