Ukuqonda Intsha Yokuthuthukiswa kweBatelle yezingane ezincane
Ukufunda ukuthi ngabe ingane inokuphuza ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukulibazisa okuqhubekayo nokusiza ingane yakho ifunde. I-Battelle Developmental Inventory isetshenziselwa kanjani ukuhlola izingane ezineminyaka engu-7 nangaphansi ukuze kuphuze ukuthuthukiswa?
Ukuhlola Intuthuko Yengane Nezingane
Abantu abaningi bajwayele ukuhlola okulinganiselwe nokuhlola okuthuthukisiwe kwezingane ezikhulile zesikole nakakhulu, kodwa sifundile ukuthi ukubona, nokubhekana nokubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kubalulekile ngokushesha nje lapho becatshangwa-lapho ingane isencane nosana, ingane encane noma ingane encane .
Ngokujabulisayo kukhona ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwalesi sigaba sobudala, okuthiwa i-Battelle Developmental Inventory.
I-Battelle Developmental Inventory
I-Battelle Developmental Inventory yindlela yokuhlola izingane nezingane ezineminyaka engu-7. Kuyinto yokuhlolwa okuguquguqukayo, okuhlelekile okusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo efana nalokhu:
- Ukuqaphela ingane
- Izingxoxo nabazali nabanakekeli
- Umlando ophelele wokuthuthukiswa (ukubuyekezwa kwezenzakalo ezibalulekile ezafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala nangaphezulu)
- Umlando womphakathi
- Ukuxhumana nomntwana usebenzisa izinto ezifana nemidlalo, amathoyizi, imibuzo, nemisebenzi
Ukuhlolwa Kwezingane Zengane Nezingane
I-Battelle Developmental Inventory yindlela eyodwa yokuhlola evame ukusetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe izinsana nezingane zihlangabezana nezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa . Izenzakalo ezibalulekile ezihlolwe zifaka izinto ezifana nengane lapho umntwana ehlekisayo kuqala, ehleka futhi efunde ukuthi angayenza kanjani indawo yedwa. Amagugu ethuthukile ahlehlisiwe abe yizigaba ezine ezijwayelekile:
- Izenzakalo ezibalulekile ezifana nokuhlezi, ukukhahlela, nokuhamba
- Amaphuzu okuqonda okunjengezimo zobuso nokufunda izinhlamvu
- Izigameko zomphakathi nezomzwelo ezifana nokuqaphela imizwa yabo kanye nemizwelo yabanye ngokusebenzisa ukudlala
- Amaphuzu okuxhumana njengalapho amagama okuqala ekhulunywa futhi afunda uhlelo lolimi oludala
Ukubuyekezwa kwalezi zinyathelo eziyinhloko kuzokusiza ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe ingane ibonisa izimpawu zakudala zokukhubazeka kokufunda noma inokubambezeleka okukhulu okuthuthukayo . Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa nokukhubazeka kokufunda njengokulibaziseka kwentuthuko akusho ukuthi ingane izoba nokukhubazeka kokufunda esikhathini esizayo. Izingane eziningi "zaphuma" lezi zilibaziseko, kodwa zingasiza kakhulu ekuqondiseni ukuba ufune ukukhubazeka kokufunda ngaphambi kokuba kube nomthelela omkhulu kuwe.
Ukuhlolwa kweNtuthuko yezingane
I-Battelle ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ngokubheka ukuxhumana phakathi komhloli kanye nengane noma umzali nengane. Abahloli babheka izimpendulo zengane futhi babalawule ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezifanele. Ukufakelwa komzali nomnakekeli yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhlola ukukhubazeka ekufundeni ukuqoqa ulwazi ngomlando wengane kanye nokuxhumana nokuthuthukiswa okwenziwa ngaphesheya kwesivivinyo sokuhlola.
Ukuhlolwa kwezingane ezincane nezinshuwalense
Uma i-Battelle isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingane encane ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaschool, imisebenzi eminingi yokuhlola ihilela umhloli osebenzisana nengane esebenzisa amathoyizi, imidlalo, nemisebenzi.
Abahloli babona ikhono lomntwana lokulandela imiyalelo, ukuxhumana nabanye, nokwenza imisebenzi. Ukwazisa komzali kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izindawo ezingeke zigcinwe ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Njengoba izingane zenza umsebenzi futhi ziphendule iziphakamiso zabahloli, ukusebenza kwazo kulandelwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezifanele.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezingane Zengane Nezingane
I-Battelle ihlola izizinda ezinhlanu zokuthuthukiswa kwasebuntwaneni. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo - Ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo yilokho okumele kusebenze ngokuzimela emphakathini njengabantu abadala. Ngokuqinisekile, izinsana nezingane ezincane akudingeki ukuthi zikwazi ukulinganisela i-akhawunti yokuhlola, kodwa amakhono afanelekayo afaneleka iminyaka ahlolwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kungafaka amakhono afana nokugqoka, ikhono lokwenza abangane, nokulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokugwema izingozi (njengokubambe isandla somuntu omdala ngenkathi uwela emgwaqweni omatasa.)
- Amakhono omuntu siqu nezenhlalakahle - Amakhono omphakathi, awaziwa kakhulu ngendima yawo e-autism spectrum disorders, ahluke kunamakhono okuxhumana welimi lokukhuluma nokuzizwa olubhalwe ngezansi.
- I-Motor - Ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto kuhlanganisa ukuhlola kokubili amakhono amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwamandla kanye namakhono emihle emoto .
- Ukuxhumana - Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana kuhlanganisa nokuhlola ulimi olukhuluma kahle (ulimi olukhulunywa ngokuyinhloko kuleli qembu lobudala) nolimi olwamukelayo (ukuqonda ulimi olukhulunywayo.)
- Amakhono okuqonda - Amakhono okuqonda ayenamandla okuba umuntu azuze incazelo nenolwazi kusuka ekuhlangenwe nakho nasekutholeni ulwazi. Isibonelo, nasi isibonelo samakhono okuqonda engane yakho adinga ngaphambi kwe-enkulisa .
Imiphumela yokuhlola ingasetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi kunezikhathi zokulibaziseka, nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lezi zithazamiso uma ziqhathaniswa nabanye ebandleni lobudala bezingane. Funda kabanzi mayelana nenqubo yokuhlola yokukhubazeka.
Imithombo:
Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Bell, E., Bello, S., Kus, C., no-E. Yeung. Izimpahla ezinkulu ze-Motorross and Development subsequent. Izingane zokwelapha . 2016. 138 (1): i-pii: e20154372.
URubio-Codina, M., Araujo, M., Attanasio, O., Munoz, P., no-S. Grantham-McGregor. Ukuqinisekiswa okufanayo kanye nokutholakala kokuhlolwa okufushane okwamanje kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezincane ezikoleni ezinkulu. PLoS One . 2016. 11 (8): e0160962.