Iqala okuningi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo
Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi akuyona into eyenzeka kuphela emsebenzini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izingane eziningi zasesikoleni esiphakathi ziyizisulu zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi, nokuthi lokhu kuziphatha kuhlobene nokuhlukunyezwa futhi kunezimpande eziqala esikoleni sokuqala.
Ucwaningo lweminyaka emihlanu olwanyatheliswa ngoDisemba 2016 encwadini ethi Children and Youth Review Review lathola ukuthi abafundi abangamaphesenti angama-43 esikoleni esiphakathi abacwaningiwe bathi baye baba yisisulu sokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili (okubandakanya ukuphawula ngokocansi, amahlaya, isenzo) ngonyaka odlule.
Ucwaningo oluholwa ukuhlukumezeka nolwazi lobudlova olusha u-Dorothy L. Espelage, PhD, uprofesa wezesayensi eYunivesithi yaseFlorida, ulandele izingane ezingu-1,300 e-Illinois ezivela esikoleni esiphakathi ukuya esikoleni esiphakeme ukuhlola izinto ezibangelwa ukuxhashazwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Okunye okuvelele kocwaningo:
- Abakwa-Fifth kanye nabesithupha abahlukumezayo abavame ukusebenzisa ulimi lwezocansi njengokuthi "gay" noma "fag," ikakhulu uma becabanga ukuthi ingane ingabonakali ukuziphatha okwanele kobulili babo (intombazane isifazane noma umfana uyisilisa). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kusho uDkt. Espelage, isiteji sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi, kanti izingane ezibizwa ngokuthi lawa magama ngokuvamile ziphenduka futhi zihlukumeze ezinye izingane ukuze zifakaze ukuthi azikho gay.
- Abaningi abangamaphesenti angu-25 babika ukuthi baphoqeleka ukuba bange omunye umuntu baze bahlaselwe ngokocansi, kanti abafundi abangamaphesenti angu-21 babika ukuthi bathintekile, babambe, noma baphonswe ngendlela yezocansi. Cishe eyodwa kwayishumi, noma amaphesenti angu-18, athi ezinye izingane zazisunduza ngokumelene nazo ngendlela ephakamisayo.
- Abafundi bathi izindawo zabo zangasese zathintwa ngaphandle kwemvume futhi zibikwe ngokuthi "ziboshwe ngezimoto" -kufaka amabhulukwe noma ama-shorts agqunywe phansi omunye umuntu emphakathini.
- Amaphesenti angama-14 ezingane abika ukuthi yilokho okuhlosiwe ngamahemuhemu ngokocansi, kanti amaphesenti angu-9 athi ahlukunyezwe ngegraffiti ecacile ngokobulili esikoleni ekamelweni lokugqoka noma ezindlini zokugeza.
Okushiwo Abazali Ukuvikela Abantwana Ekuhlukumezweni Ngokobulili Nokuhlukunyezwa
- Buka ukuthi ubani ohlala naye. "Hlola, uqondise, futhi wazi abazali bezingane zakho," kusho uDkt. Espelage. Khuluma nezingane zakho mayelana nokuphatha abantu nokuthi yini futhi ayihloniphi.
- Qala ukukhuluma ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ekuqaleni. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba umuntu ahlukumeze ngokocansi isisebenzi noma osebenza naye emsebenzini, lowo muntu ufunda imicabango emibi nokuziphatha esikoleni esiphakeme, esikoleni esiphakathi nesikole samabanga aphansi. "Izikole ziyizizathu zokuhlukumeza abesifazane," kusho uDkt. Espelage. "Lokho esikubona ekolishi kuqala ngo-K kuya kweshumi nambili."
- Gcina ingxoxo iya. Lokhu akusiyo inkulumo-nkulumo eyodwa. Qinisekisa ukuthi uthatha ithuba ngalinye emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke ukuze ufundise izingane mayelana nenhlonipho kanye nokulingana ngokobulili. Uma udlulisa isikhangiso esibonisa owesifazane esembatho esicacile esetshenziselwa ukuthengisa umkhiqizo, khuluma ukuthi kungaba kanjani umlayezo oyingozi futhi ucele ingane yakho ukuba icabange ngemibuzo efana nokuthi kungani amadoda engaboniswa ngale ndlela noma ukuthi kungani abesifazane bajwayele ukwahlulelwa ngokwengeziwe ukuthi babheka kanjani ukuthi bangobani. Yiba nezingxoxo ezivamile mayelana nokuthi abantu kufanele babhekwe kanjani ngokusekelwe emakhono abo namakhono kanye namandla omlingiswa wabo (ukuthi bayizinhle kangakanani noma uma benza umsebenzi wokuzithandela noma ukuzithandela nokusiza abanye) esikhundleni salokho abukeka noma ukuthi bembethe.
- Izingane zicabange nge "tattoo" yazo ". Khumbuza izingane njalo ukuthi lokho okuthumela ku-Facebook noma ku-Instagram noma ezinye izingosi zomphakathi zihlala phakade, njenge-tattoo digital, kusho uDkt. Espelage. Khumbuza ingane yakho ukuthi ingathumeli izinto ezinjengezithombe ezinqunu-zezintambo noma amahlaya ezenzweni zobulili noma zokuxhashaza. "Ngisho nezingane ezinhle zingangena enkingeni lapho zihamba nento ethile ngisho noma zingakhululekile ngoba zifuna ukuthandwa," kusho uDkt. Espelage. "Kuyizinsika eziphakeme manje; uma izingane zingena enkingeni, kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba kungaba ubugebengu. Kukhona umphumela, ngisho namahlaya. "
- Khuluma nesikole sakho. Uma ngabe ingane yakho ihloselwe ukuxhashazwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, noma uyenzile esikoleni sayo, khuluma nothisha nabaphathi. Enye yezinto ezitholakalayo kakhulu kulolu cwaningo ukuthi izingane eziningi zaxosha lokho ababhekana nazo njengento engeyona enkulu, ngisho nalapho bechaza lezi zenzakalo njengokucasula. Lesi simo sengqondo singabangela ukuthi izikhulu zezikole zihluleke ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukuxhaphazwa , kusho uDkt. Espelage. Lolu cwaningo lugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi njengengxenye yengxoxo kazwelonke mayelana nokuxhashazwa.
- Ungesabi ukuba uhlukile kwabanye abazali. Okungenzeka ukuthi, abazali abaningi abakhulumi ngokwanele nezingane zabo ngezinto ezifana nobuhlanga bobulili nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. "Uma ingane yakho ithi, 'Abanye abazali abakwenzi lokho,' bese wenza okuthile ngokufanele," kusho uDkt. Espelage.