Iyini incazelo yokwehliswa? Le nqubo iyenzeka lapho into ebizwa ngokuthi i-myelin, eyakhiwa ngamafutha e-lipids namaprotheni, iqoqa amangqamuzana omzimba, noma ama-neurons. I-Myelin idlala indima ebalulekile empilweni nasemisebenzini yamangqamuzana ezinzwa, ebuchosheni, nasesimweni sezinzwa. Ukugonywa kwe-cortex yangaphambili yobuchopho yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhula yabantwana.
Iyini Umsebenzi Ka Myelin?
Amangqamuzana omzimba (i-neurons) ane-shaft ende noma amafayili ahlanganisiwe aziwa ngokuthi ama-axon. I-Myelin yakha nxazonke ze-axons kulokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-myelin sheath. Cabanga ngama-axons njengezintambo zezinhlobo ezithumela izimpawu kagesi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Ngalokhu engqondweni, akumangazi ukuthi i-myelin iye yaqhathaniswa nokugxila ezintweni zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-axon ane-revenge yami.
I-Myelin iqukethe amangqamuzana wokusekela ama-glial (ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-neuroglia noma amaseli wesistimu wesisindo) avikela ama-axon, axhuma kwamanye amaseli omzimba njengamanye ama-neurons, amangqamuzana omzimba, kanye nezitho ezingosini eziziwa njenge-synapses. I-Myelin yenza amangqamuzana e-nerve adlulisele ulwazi ngokushesha futhi avumela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchopho. Isizathu sokuthi ubuchopho bubukeka bubucayi bubikwa ngenxa yesamba esiningi samangqamuzana angama-myelinated.
Inqubo yokuzikhumbuza ibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni olusebenzayo lwezinzwa zomzimba olusebenzayo.
Ukwehliswa kwegazi nakho kwenzeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomzimba. I-Myelin ingahlukaniswa ngamaphuzu abizwa ngokuthi ama-nodes noma izikhala ze-myelin.
Indlela i-Myelination ethinta ngayo amaTweens
Ukuzibulala kuqala ku-utero lapho ingane isanda cishe amasonto angu-16 futhi iyaqhubeka ibe umuntu omdala. Phakathi neminyaka ephakathi, ukugonywa kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekubhekeni kobuchopho obuseduze, isigaba sobuchopho esiqala nje ngemuva kwebunzi.
Ukwehliswa kwezinto ezisekuqaleni zokusiza i-lobe kufaka ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.
Ngokuyinhloko, kubenza bakwazi ukuba " ukusebenza okuphezulu ," okuhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukucabanga , namakhono wokwenza izinqumo. Kubuye kusize izikhathi ezimbili ukuvimbela izifiso zabo ngokuphumelelayo futhi zibonise ukuzithiba okukhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi abaningi abayishumi nambili kanye nezinsizwa bazoqhubeka bephethe izinkinga zokulawula umfutho, njengoba i-lobe yangaphambili ingafinyeleli ukuvuthwa kuze kube yilapho ineminyaka engu-25.
Lapho i-Myelin ihlupheka ukulimala
Uma lesi sici esinamafutha sibonakalisiwe singaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima ezinjenge-multiple sclerosis (MS). Lapho kwenzeka i-MS, kukholelwa ukuthi amasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle futhi aqala ukuhlaselwa emgodleni we-myelin, okubangelwa izilonda. Izinkinga nge-myelin nazo ziye zaxhunyaniswa ne-fibromyalgia, i-adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), isifo se-Krabbe, isifo se-Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome, i-neuropathy encane ye-fiber kanye ne-polyneuropathy engavamile yokubhubha.
Zonke lezi zimo zezokwelapha zibandakanya izinzwa, futhi abantu abanabo ngokuvamile bahlupheka ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nezinguquko ezizwakalayo ngenxa yalokho. Ezinye zalezi zimo zingase zibulale. Ngokwesibonelo, uGuillain-Barré, angavimbela abantu abahluphekile ekuphefumuleni ngokwabo.
Uma wena noma othandekayo ubonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu zeziphazamiso ezingenhla, ungasheshi ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha. Ngenkathi kwesinye isikhathi umonakalo wezinzwa usuke kancane kancane esikhathini eside, ezinye izikhathi imiphumela yawo ingazizwa ngokushesha. Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha ngangaphambi kokuba lesi sifo siqhubeke. Ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha kungasiza futhi abantu abanezifo ezinjalo baphathe izimpawu zabo futhi bathole usizo abaludingayo.
> Imithombo:
> Berger, Kathleen. Umuntu Othuthukayo Ngendlela Yokuphila. 2014. I-9th Edition. ENew York: Worth.